999 resultados para Ensino religioso Rio de Janeiro (Estado)
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v.34:no.20(1953)
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Simple and colonial ascidians were collected at different depths at Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro, between 2000 and 2003. The collection here presented includes representatives of the families Clavelinidae (Clavelina oblonga), Polycitoridae (Cystodytes dellechiajei), Polyclinidae (Polyclinum constellatum and Polyclinum molle sp. nov.), Holozoidae (Distaplia bermudensis), Ascidiidae (Ascidia sydneiensis and Phallusia nigra), Styelidae (Botrylloides giganteum, Botrylloides nigrum, Symplegma brakenhielmi, Symplegma rubra, Polyandrocarpa anguinea, Eusynstyela floridana, Eusynstyela tincta and Styela plicata), Pyuridae (Herdmania pallida and Microcosmus exasperatus). Didemnids were also collected in the area but were not considered here. Of the 17 species found, one (Polyclinum molle sp. nov.) is a new species in the family Polyclinidae and the others are all species with tropical distribution.
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This study aimed to evaluate the water depth selection during foraging, the efficiency in prey capture, and the food items captured by Casmerodius albus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Egretta thula (Molina, 1782). The work was conducted at an urban lagoon, Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas, Rio de Janeiro. Four transects were made each month (two in the morning and two in the afternoon) for six months. When the birds were detected foraging, the water depth and the types of prey captured were recorded. There was no significant relationship between the foraging efficiencies of the two species. However, they differed in relation to the water depth when foraging, and also in the food items captured. Casmerodius albus captured mainly fishes while Egretta thula captured mainly invertebrates. The results suggest that the differences in water depth when foraging and the food items captured allow a differential use of the food resources available by C. albus and E. thula at Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas.
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Os principais objetivos deste trabalho foram o estudo da diversidade dos dpteros das famlias Calliphoridae, Fanniidae, Muscidae e Sarcophagidae em um fragmento de Mata Atlntica localizado na Ilha do Governador, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, entre julho de 2001 e julho de 2002. Foi tambm analisada ocorrncia das espcies mais freqentes das famlias estudadas de acordo com a variao temporal na rea do fragmento. As coletas foram feitas com armadilhas, utilizando iscas de peixe em decomposio. A espcie mais freqente e constante foi Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) que extica e foi introduzida h pouco mais de vinte anos no continente americano.
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The aim of this work was to gain knowledge about reproductive biology of the crab Armases rubripes (Rathbun, 1897) from an estuarine area of the Sepetiba Bay. Samples were taken monthly from February 2003 to January 2004 in the Sahy River estuary (2256'S; 4401'W), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The crabs were collected by hand during 15-minute catch-effort sessions conducted by two people. In the laboratory, the specimens were separated by sex, carapace width was measured and gonadal stage was checked macroscopically. A total of 830 individuals were caught - 304 males, 373 females (60 ovigerous females) and 153 juveniles. The ovigerous females were found almost year-round, except in November and April, showing a continuous reproductive period. They presented a size range from 8.2 to 15.0 mm carapace width (12.1 1.7 mm). Color and macroscopical aspects determined five gonadal stages for males and females (immature, rudimentary, intermediary, developed and resting). First sexual maturity was estimated at 6.5 mm of carapace width for males and 8.1 mm for females. Individual fecundity varied from 200 to 11,460 eggs (4,458 2,739 eggs). Mean egg size was 0.248 0.026 mm, varying from 0.213 to 0.333 mm, while the volume ranged from 0.0051 to 0.0188 mm (0.0082 0.0029 mm).
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Este trabalho teve por objetivo obter conhecimento sobre a estrutura populacional de dois camares de gua doce simptricos, Potimirim glabra (Kingsley, 1878) e Potimirim potimirim (Mller, 1881) no rio Sahy, Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Os indivduos foram coletados mensalmente durante o perodo de setembro de 1997 a fevereiro de 1999 utilizando-se peneiras, que foram passadas sob a vegetao marginal, superfcie de rochas e pequenas poas d'gua, num esforo de 15 minutos por coletor. Os animais foram separados quanto ao sexo e mensurados em relao ao comprimento total e do cefalotrax. Um total de 4.889 indivduos foram coletados no rio Sahy: 3.281 P. glabra e 1.608 P. potimirim. A razo sexual observada foi de 1:1 para P. glabra e 1:2,3 para P. potimirim. Em ambas populaes, cinco estgios de maturidade sexual foram determinados, sendo as populaes constitudas principalmente por camares adultos. O recrutamento de juvenis apresentou diferenas em ambas as espcies. O recrutamento de P. glabra ocorreu durante todo o perodo de estudo, exceto na primavera, enquanto que P. potimirim foi registrado somente no outono. A distribuio sazonal de fmeas ovgeras de P. glabra similar ao de P. potimirim, com reproduo na primavera e no vero.
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As taxas de produo (P) e biomassa (B) de duas espcies de peixes de riacho foram estudadas em sete localidades da bacia de drenagem do rio Ubatiba, considerando-se dois ciclos anuais com ndices de pluviosidade contrastantes. Com o objetivo de testar correlaes potenciais entre P, B e o ndice de Heterogeneidade Ambiental (IHA) de cada localidade foram utilizadas correlaes simples, que no revelaram diferenas significativas (p<0,01). O padro espacial de P indicou que as taxas de produo de ambas as espcies foram marcadamente homogneas nas localidades de estudo, mas foram reduzidas quando comparadas com as espcies de peixes de riacho da regio Holrtica. Os valores mdios de P e B de Astyanax hastatus Myers, 1928 foram: Pchuvoso = 14,0 kg.ha-1.ano-1, Pseco = 24,4 kg.ha-1.ano-1 e Bchuvoso = 7,3 kg.ha-1, Bseco = 12,2 kg.ha-1, com valores significativamente superiores durante o ano seco (t (B)= 2,41; p = 0,03 e t (P)= 2,28; p = 0,04). Apesar de ter apresentado tendncia semelhante registrada para A. hastatus, os valores de P e B de Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimardi, 1824) no se mostraram significativamente diferentes (t (B) = 1,5; p = 0,16 e t (P) = 1,75; p = 0,11) entre os anos de estudo, sendo Pchuvoso = 25,2 kg.ha-1.ano-1, Pseco = 53,2 kg.ha-1.ano-1 e Bchuvoso = 16,6 kg.ha-1, Bseco = 29,7 kg.ha-1. As redues de P durante o ano de maior pluviosidade foram de 57% e 47% para A. hastatus e G. brasiliensis, respectivamente. Os valores mdios da relao P/B mostraram tendncia a reduo em relao ao aumento de tamanho dos indivduos de ambas as espcies.
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A population of Sesarma rectum Randall, 1840 under the influence of human impact was studied. Monthly sampling (CPUE, two people during 30 min) took place from August/2001 to July/2002 at an impacted muddy flat in Paraty city, State of Rio de Janeiro (2313'S, 4442'W). At the laboratory, specimens were classified by sex and measured with a vernier caliper (0.01 mm). The size at the beginning of the sexual maturity was obtained by means of different techniques: in the case of males it was used the allometric procedure and the macroscopic analysis of gonads wile for females, the size of the smallest ovigerous female was also considered. The population structure was evaluated by means the analysis of the variations in the modes of the size frequency distribution. The fecundity was assessed using sub samples of the egg mass. For males, the macroscopic analyses of gonads revealed larger values of carapace width than those obtained with morphometric analysis. Males larger than 18.5 mm of carapace width can be considered as mature. For females, such size was 17.4 mm CW. Despite of the human impact in the habitat, the population presented to be stable, as indicated by a single mode on the size frequency distribution. The second mode that appeared in some months is probably related to the entrance of juveniles in the population. The sex ratio of this population is closely approximating to 1:1 until crabs reach a carapace width of about 28 mm; after that, males outnumbered females. Comparing the fecundity of the present population with a previous study from Ubatuba, it can be verified a difference in the number of eggs. The fecundity of Paraty's population is significantly lower than the Ubatuba's population. This is probably related to the scarcity of food resource in Paraty, once no vascular plant can be found in that place. The continuity of reproductive processes and the juvenile recruitment suggest this species is able to live in the area with human impact. The ability to obtaining nutrients from different source of food is probably a feature that allows S. rectum to occupy such impacted ecosystem.
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As estruturas teciduais do trato gastrintestinal de Pimelodus maculatus La Cepde, 1803, do reservatrio de Funil (2230'-2235'S; 4435'- 4440'W) foram descritas atravs das tcnicas de hematoxilina-eosina (HE), tricmico Gomori, cido Peridico de Schiff (PAS) e alcian blue (AB) pH 2,5. Objetivou-se a deteco de glicoprotenas (GPs) na mucosa atravs de uma anlise histoqumica e caracterizao de possveis alteraes ao longo do trato digestrio destes peixes neste sistema de elevado grau de alterao. Cinqenta e quatro indivduos adultos, coletados entre abril de 2003 e julho de 2004 (CT=19-38 cm) foram utilizados. Na cavidade bucofarngea, a mucosa apresenta-se com pregas longitudinais e o epitlio do tipo estratificado pavimentoso. O esfago apresenta o mesmo tipo de epitlio da cavidade bucofarngea, destacando-se a predominncia de clulas mucosas que tiveram forte reao aos mtodos utilizados. O estmago foi diferenciado em regio crdica, fndica e pilrica. A mucosa continuamente revestida por um epitlio simples cilndrico que apresentou reao positiva ao AB e PAS somente na superfcie apical das clulas; a lmina prpria possui glndulas tubulares que se ramificam gradativamente e consistem de um tipo celular denominado oxinticoppticas, relacionadas com a sntese de cido clordrico e pepsinognio. O intestino apresenta vilosidades revestidas por um epitlio simples cilndrico com planura estriada e clulas caliciformes. Na camada submucosa do duodeno foi observada a abertura do coldoco, sendo o epitlio do tipo simples cilndrico sem clulas caliciformes, positivo tanto ao PAS quanto ao AB. O ambiente eutrfico do reservatrio de Funil no parece influenciar os padres morfolgicos das estruturas (esfago, estmago e intestino) e no foram observadas modificaes nas atividades das clulas mucosas.
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The purpose of this work was to determine the diversity and population fluctuations of calliphorid flies in the Biological Reserve of Tingu (ReBio-Tingu), Nova Iguau, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and to correlate their occurrence with the environmental variables of temperature, rainfall and relative air humidity. Specimens of Diptera were collected monthly between June 2002 and January 2005 using four traps placed at four points along a trail and exposed for 48 hours. The traps were baited with sardines and the trapped insects were stored in 70% alcohol. It was collected 8,528 calliphorids, thirteen species were identified among the blowflies including Laneela nigripes Guimares 1977, Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794), C. albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819), C. putoria (Wiedemann, 1830), Chloroprocta idioidea (Robineau-Devoidy, 1830), Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775), Hemilucilia semidiaphana (Rondani, 1850), H. segmentaria (Fabricius, 1805), Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann,1819), L. cuprina (Wiedemann, 1830), Paralucilia pseudolyrcea (Mello, 1969), Mesembrinella sp. and Eumesembrinella pauciseta (Aldrich, 1922). No significant correlation was found between the abundance of blowflies and the temperature and relative air humidity. Only C. megacephala and C. albiceps showed a positive and significant correlation with rainfall. An analysis of grouping by month (UPGMA) revealed no seasonal difference in the composition of the community, indicating that the community of calliphorid flies is probably more influenced by the ecological niches occupied by each species than by the seasons of the year.
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Callinectes danae Smith, 1869 e C. ornatus Ordway, 1863 constituem uma parcela importante da produo pesqueira na Baa de Guanabara. Ambas espcies compem uma frao significativa da fauna-acompanhante sendo exaustivamente descartadas pelas pescarias de arrasto de camares na costa brasileira. As curvas de crescimento de C. danae e C. ornatus foram calculadas por meio da anlise de progresso modal. Para estimar os parmetros biolgicos, foi aplicado o modelo de crescimento de Bertalanffy e para estimar a longevidade foi usada a sua frmula inversa. As curvas de crescimento foram: ♂ LC = 120 (1 - e -0,005t ), ♀ LC = 113 (1 - e -0,005t); ♂ LC = 94 (1 - e -0,005t ) e ♀ LC = 110 (1 - e -0,005t ), respectivamente para C. danae e C. ornatus. A longevidade alcanada para as duas espcies foi em torno de 2,5 anos, alm de validar as curvas de crescimento. O estudo do crescimento em crustceos de extrema importncia, pois alm de fornecer a informao biolgica bsica para o grupo, os parmetros estimados subsidiam o ordenamento e manejo pesqueiro das espcies exploradas.
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During six consecutive months, sampling were made at three points located on Governador Island and three on Paquet Island in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Material was collected from dock pilings and rocks in the intertidal zone. In these samples, five species belonging to three families, Corynidae, Kirchenpaueriidae and Campanulariidae, were identified. The campanulariid species Obelia dichotoma Linnaeus, 1758, dominated at nearly all points sampled. The small number of species obtained in this survey is attributed to the intense pollution in the bay, which borders the second-largest industrial complex and the second-largest demographic center of Brazil.
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The present study intended to analyze calliphorid attraction to traps painted in a variety of colors and the calliphorid constancy index in the Tingua Biological Reserve, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. The Diptera were collected monthly in the Reserve, between 2002 and 2005, totaling 24 samplings. Four traps containing sardines as bait were painted olive green, blood red, black, or white and exposed for 48 h at four equidistant points, 50 m from each other. To determine the calliphorid species constancy, the Bodenheirmer constancy index was used throughout the study. To analyze differences in the total abundance between species and in their color selection, an ANCOVA test with a significance level of 5 % and a Tukey post-test were used, considering the categories species and color as cofactors and climatic variables as co-variables (temperature, relative humidity and precipitation), since the samples were collected over two years. 10,444 insects were captured. Of these, 56 % belonged to the Calliphoridae family, totaling 13 species, with the most frequent species being Laneela nigripes (28.5 %), Hemilucilia semidiaphana (17 %), and Mesembrinella sp. (16.4 %). The other species had frequencies lower than 12 %. Nine species were considered constant, two accessories, and two accidental. The data indicated that the most frequent species presented significant differences between themselves concerning abundance over the captured months, however, the Tukey post-test indicated differences only between a few of them. The black trap presented the higher relative calliphorid frequency (27.34 %), followed by green (25 %), red (24.0 %), and white (23.7 %), although the species abundance in the different colored traps did not differ significantly among themselves. Therefore, there was no Calliphorid flies preference for any of the tested colors.
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Estudamos a dieta dos juvenis de Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus, 1766) em praias da Baa de Sepetiba (Rio de Janeiro, Brasil) entre janeiro de 2000 e abril de 2001. Procuramos avaliar a plasticidade trfica de peixes desta espcie ao longo de um gradiente espacial com diferentes nveis de exposio s ondas, sazonalidade, alm de avaliar mudanas ontogenticas na dieta. Os itens alimentares foram analisados atravs do ndice de importncia relativa (IIR), determinado pelos valores das frequncias de ocorrncia, de nmero e de peso. Os itens de maior importncia foram do subfilo Crustacea, ordens Mysidacea, e o representante da ordem Decapoda Emerita brasiliensis (Schmitt, 1935), alm de Cefalochordata, representado por Branchiostoma platae (Fitzinger, 1862). Na zona de maior exposio s ondas (praia de Barra de Guaratiba) e com substrato predominantemente arenoso, a dieta foi constituda principalmente por Emerita brasiliensis e Cirripedia, este ltimo presente nos costes rochosos que limitam a praia; na zona de exposio intermediria (praia de Muriqui), houve um predomnio de Mysidacea e Branchiostoma platae; na zona mais protegida (praia de Itacuru), os itens de maior abundncia foram Polychaeta, Mysidacea e Branchiostoma platae. Sazonalmente no ocorreu variao no uso de Mysidacea, enquanto Branchiostoma platae foi mais consumido durante o inverno, Polychaeta na primavera e Cirripedia e Emerita brasiliensis, no vero. Mysidacea foi o alimento predominante em todas as classes de tamanho, enquanto Polychaeta foi utilizado predominantemente por peixes menores que 20 mm de comprimento padro e Emerita brasiliensis e Cirripedia foram consumidos principalmente por indivduos maiores que 40 mm, somente na praia de maior exposio. O sucesso no uso de praias desprotegidas e zonas de arrebentao por esta espcie de peixe pode ser em parte devido estratgia trfica oportunista, que utiliza uma ampla variedade de recursos disponveis no ambiente.
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So descritas Lophoblatta leuropeltiana sp. nov. e L. tijucana sp. nov. do Rio de Janeiro, com ilustraes da genitlia dos machos e da fmea.
