Sintesi delle principali emergenze del Quadro Conoscitivo, idnividuazione degli obiettivi di tutela, e definizione delle misure di risanamento per il Documento Preliminare del Piano di Tutela delle Acque della Provincia di Ferrara

Determinazione del Documento Preliminare relativamente alle fasi di sintesi del QC, di individuazione degli obiettivi, e di definizione delle misure da adottare per il risanamento della risorsa idrica nel territorio ferrarese.

L'effetto della pressione sulle perdite in condotte con fessure longitudinali - The effect of pressure on leakage in longitudinally crecked pressurized pipes.

La crescente attenzione verso un utilizzo attento, sostenibile ed economicamente efficiente della risorsa idrica rende di primaria importanza il tema delle perdite idriche e della gestione efficiente dei sistemi idrici. La richiesta di controlli dell’uso dell’acqua è stata avanzata a livello mondiale. Il problema delle perdite idriche nei Paesi industrializzati è stato così affrontato con specifiche normative e procedure di best practice gestionale per avanzare una valutazione delle perdite idriche e una limitazione degli sprechi e degli usi impropri. In quest’ambito, la pressione gioca un ruolo fondamentale nella regolazione delle perdite reali. La regolazione delle pressioni nelle diverse ore del giorno consente, infatti, di poter agire su queste ultime perdite, che aumentano all’aumentare della pressione secondo una cosiddetta legge di potenza. La motivazione della presente tesi è originata dalla necessità di quantificare il livello di perdita idrica in un sistema acquedottistico in relazione alla pressione all’interno del sistema stesso. Per avere una stima realistica che vada al di là della legge della foronomia, si vuole valutare l’influenza della deformabilità della condotta in pressione fessurata sull’entità delle perdite idriche, con particolare attenzione alle fessurazioni di tipo longitudinale. Tale studio è condotto tramite l’introduzione di un semplice modello di trave alla Winkler grazie al quale, attraverso un’analisi elastica, si descrive il comportamento di una generica condotta fessurata longitudinalmente e si valuta la quantità d’acqua perduta. I risultati ottenuti in condizioni specifiche della condotta (tipo di materiale, caratteristiche geometriche dei tubi e delle fessure, etc.) e mediante l’inserimento di opportuni parametri nel modello, calibrati sui risultati forniti da una raffinata modellazione tridimensionale agli elementi finiti delle medesime condotte, verranno poi confrontati con i risultati di alcune campagne sperimentali. Gli obiettivi del presente lavoro sono, quindi, la descrizione e la valutazione del modello di trave introdotto, per stabilire se esso, nonostante la sua semplicità, sia effettivamente in grado di riprodurre, in maniera realistica, la situazione che si potrebbe verificare nel caso di tubo fessurato longitudinalmente e di fornire risultati attendibili per lo studio delle perdite idriche. Nella prima parte verrà approfondito il problema della perdite idriche. Nella seconda parte si illustrerà il semplice modello di trave su suolo elastico adottato per l’analisi delle condotte in pressione fessurate, dopo alcuni cenni teorici ai quali si è fatto riferimento per la realizzazione del modello stesso. Successivamente, nella terza parte, si procederà alla calibrazione del modello, tramite il confronto con i risultati forniti da un’analisi tridimensionale agli elementi finiti. Infine nella quarta parte verrà ricavata la relazione flusso-pressione con particolare attenzione all’esponente di perdita, il cui valore risulterà superiore a quello predetto dalla teoria della foronomia, e verrà verificata l’effettiva validità del modello tramite un confronto con i risultati sperimentali di cui è stata fatta menzione in precedenza.

Dalla normativa alle procedure perative:gestione dei dati ai fini della prevenzione e protezione in un'azienda multiservizi

La presente Tesi di Laurea Specialistica considera, partendo da un'analisi della normativa vigente e delle procedure aziendali interne, il Sistema di Gestione Integrato Qualità  Sicurezza Ambiente (SGI QSA) di HERA SpA con particolare attenzione alle tematiche relative alla Prevenzione e Protezione sul luogo di lavoro in riferimento al Testo Unico sulla sicurezza (D.Lgs 81/2008) . Nello specifico, l'elaborato si basa sull'esperienza maturata durante cinque mesi di stage effettuati presso l'ufficio "Servizio Prevenzione e Protezione" della Struttura Operativa Territoriale (SOT) Bologna. Durante la mia permanenza in HERA SpA, ho avuto modo di osservare e prendere parte alle attività  quotidianamente svolte sia in ufficio che presso gli impianti dislocati nel territorio della provincia di Bologna con particolare riguardo alla raccolta, gestione e fruibilità  dei dai inerenti la sicurezza dei luoghi di lavoro. Nell'ambito dello stage, ho avuto anche la possibilità , estremamente formativa, di prendere visione dei processi, delle tecnologie e delle modalità  operative sottostanti l'erogazione di servizi da parte di una Multiutility; acquisire consapevolezza e know how in merito alle energie messe in campo per effettuare attività  quali la raccolta e lo smaltimento di rifiuti piuttosto che rendere disponibile alle utenze la fornitura di acqua e gas. Ritengo che questo possa darmi un valore aggiunto sia da un punto di vista professionale che da un punto di vista umano. Scopo primario di questa trattazione è effettuare l'istantanea di un'azienda complessa e in rapida evoluzione come HERA a partire della Salute e Sicurezza dei Lavoratori con l'obiettivo di indicare le attività  eseguite durante lo stage e il contributo fornito allo sviluppo e al mantenimento del SGS (Sistema di Gestione per la Salute e la sicurezza). Per meglio evidenziare la diversa natura delle informazioni riportate, l'elaborato risulta diviso in due parti fondamentali: La I PARTE riguarda lo studio della normativa che regola il settore con particolare riferimento al TUSL Testo Unico per la Sicurezza sui Luoghi di Lavoro (norma vigente in Italia) e allo standard britannico OHSAS 18001 a cui possono fare riferimento le organizzazioni che intendono certificare il proprio sistema di gestione in materia di sicurezza. In seguito si andranno ad analizzare le norme ISO 9001e ISO14001 che riguardano rispettivamente la possibilità  di certificare il proprio sistema di gestione in merito a Qualità  del servizio e tutela dell'Ambiente. Infine saranno proposte alcune riflessioni riguardanti la necessità  di sviluppare un sistema di gestione integrato e certificato che permetta di avere una visione unitaria di Qualità  Sicurezza e Ambiente. Nella II PARTE si entrerà  nel merito delle attività  svolte dall'ufficio Prevenzione e Protezione: a partire dalle procedure aziendali che fungono da punto di contatto fra gli obblighi normativi e la necessità  di regolare l'operatività  dei lavoratori, saranno descritte le mansioni che mi sono state affidate e le attività  svolte durante lo stage.

Identificazione della relazione tra riflettività radar e intensità di precipitazione-Applicazione ad eventi intensi registrati sulla Regione Piemonte

Noti il campo spaziale di riflettività Z [mm3], che è una misura della potenza del segnale di ritorno verso il radar che l’aveva emesso e le misure pluviometriche delle stazioni piemontesi (che sono più di 300), la metodologia proposta consiste nello stimare una relazione di potenza del tipo Z=aR^b applicabile all’intera Regione. Con tale fine si determineranno i coefficienti a e b in modo che sia possibile valutare il campo di precipitazione areale R [mm3/h]. I risultati verranno confrontati con quelli derivanti dall’attuale formula utilizzata da ARPA Piemonte: Z=300R^1.5 (Joss e Waldvoguel, 1970)

La comunicazione della cooperazione allo sviluppo: gli Enti Pubblici. Analisi discorsive dei Siti Web

Our research takes place in the context of a discipline kwown as Communication for Development, sited inside the field of Communication for Social Change, characterized by the use of interpersonal ad mass communication theories and tools, applyied to international development cooperation. Our study aims at pointing out a change of paradigm in this field: our object is Public Administration’s communication, therefore, what we suggest is a shift from Communication for Development, to Development Communication. The object of our study, hence, becomes the discourse itself, in its double action of representation and construction of reality. In particular, we are interested in the discourse’s tribute to the creation of a collective immagination, wich is the perspective towards which we have oriented the analysis, through a structuralist semoitics-based methodology integrated with a socio-semiotic approach. Taking into consideartion the fact that in our contemporary society (that is to say a ‘Western’ and ‘First World’ society), the internet is a crucial public space for the mediation and the management of collective immagination, we chose the web sites of Public Bodies which are dedicated to International Cooperation has our analysis corpus. This, due to their symbolic and ideologic significance, as well as for the actual political responsibility we think these web sites should have. The result of our analysis allows us to suggest some discoursive strategies used in the web sites of Public Bodies. In these sites, there is a tendency to shift the discourses around international cooperation from the ideological axis - avoiding in so doing to explicit a political statement about the causes of injustices and un-balances which lead to the necessity of a support in development (i.e. avoiding to mention values such as social justice and democracy while acknowledging socio-economical institutions which contribute to foster underdevelopment on a global scale) -, to the ethical axis, hence referring to moral values concerning the private sphere (human solidarity and charity), which is delegated mainly to non governamental associations.

Innovazione organizzativa e istituzionale della pubblica amministrazione. Un approccio interpretativo e l'analisi di un dispositivo partecipativo nel settore della cultura

The thesis aims at inquiring into the issue of innovation and organizational and institutional change in the public administration with regard to the increasingly massive adoption of participatory devices and practices in various arenas of public policies. The field of reference regards transformations of the types of public actions and regulation systems, concerning governance. Together with the crisis of the public function and of the role played by the insitutions what is emerging are different levels of governement, both towards an over national and a local direction, and a plurality of social interlocutors, followed by a post-bureaucratic pattern of the public administration that is opening itself in the direction of environment and citizens. The public adminstration is no longer considered an inert object within the bureaucratic paradigm but as a series of communicative processes, choices, cultures and practices that actively builds itself and the environment it interacts with. Therefore, the output of the public administration isn’t the simple service being supplied but the relationship enacted with the citizen, relationship that becomes the constituent basis of adminstrative processes. The intention of thesis is to take into consideration the relation between innovation of the public administration and participatory experimentations and implementations regarded as exchanges in which citizens and the public administration hold talks and debates. The issue of the organizational change of the public administration as output and effect of inclusive deliberative practices has been analysed starting from an institutionalist approach, in other words examining the constituent features of institutions, “rediscovering” them with regard to their public nature, their ability to elaborate collective values and meanings, the social definition of problems and solutions. The participatory device employed by the Forlì city council that involved enterprises and cultural associations of the area in order to build a participatory Table, has been studied through a qualitative methodology (participant observation and semi-strutctured interviews). The analysis inquired into the public nature both of the participatory device and the administrative action itself as well as into elements pertaining the deliberative setting, the regulative reference framework and the actors which took part in the process.

La costruzione razionale della casa. Scritti e progetti di Giuseppe Pagano

The rational construction of the house. The writings and projects of Giuseppe Pagano Description, themes and research objectives The research aims at analysing the architecture of Giuseppe Pagano, which focuses on the theme of dwelling, through the reading of 3 of his house projects. On the one hand, these projects represent “minor” works not thoroughly known by Pagano’s contemporary critics; on the other they emphasise a particular methodological approach, which serves the author to explore a theme closely linked to his theoretical thought. The house project is a key to Pagano’s research, given its ties to the socio-cultural and political conditions in which the architect was working, so that it becomes a mirror of one of his specific and theoretical path, always in a state of becoming. Pagano understands architecture as a “servant of the human being”, subject to a “utilitarian slavery” since it is a clear, essential and “modest” answer to specific human needs, free from aprioristic aesthetic and formal choices. It is a rational architecture in sensu stricto; it constitutes a perfect synthesis between cause and effect and between function and form. The house needs to accommodate these principles because it is closely intertwined with human needs and intimately linked to a specific place, climatic conditions and technical and economical possibilities. Besides, differently from his public and common masterpieces such as the Palazzo Gualino, the Istituto di Fisica and the Università Commerciale Bocconi, the house projects are representative of a precise project will, which is expressed in a more authentic way, partially freed from political influences and dogmatic preoccupations and, therefore, far from the attempt to research a specific expressive language. I believe that the house project better represents that “ingenuity”, freshness and “sincerity” that Pagano identifies with the minor architecture, thereby revealing a more authentic expression of his understanding of a project. Therefore, the thesis, by tracing the theoretical research of Pagano through the analysis of some of his designed and built works, attempts to identify a specific methodological approach to Pagano’s project, which, developed through time, achieves a certain clarity in the 1930s. In fact, this methodological approach becomes more evident in his last projects, mainly regarding the house and the urban space. These reflect the attempt to respond to the new social needs and, at the same time, they also are an expression of a freer idea of built architecture, closely linked with the place and with the human being who dwells it. The three chosen projects (Villa Colli, La Casa a struttura d’acciaio and Villa Caraccio) make Pagano facing different places, different customers and different economic and technical conditions, which, given the author’s biography, correspond to important historical and political conditions. This is the reason why the projects become apparently distant works, both linguistically and conceptually, to the point that one can define them as ”eclectic”. However, I argue that this eclecticism is actually an added value to the architectural work of Pagano, steaming from the use of a method which, having as a basis the postulate of a rational architecture as essence and logic of building, finds specific variations depending on the multiple variables to be addressed by the project. This is the methodological heritage that Pagano learns from the tradition, especially that of the rural residential architecture, defined by Pagano as a “dictionary of the building logic of man”, as an “a-stylistic background”. For Pagano this traditional architecture is a clear expression of the relationships between a theme and its development, an architectural “fact” that is resolved with purely technical and utilitarian aims and with a spontaneous development far from any aprioristic theoretical principle. Architecture, therefore, cannot be an invention for Pagano and the personal contribution of each architect has to consider his/her close relationship with the specific historical context, place and new building methods. These are basic principles in the methodological approach that drives a great deal of his research and that also permits his thought to be modern. I argue that both ongoing and new collaborations with younger protagonists of the culture and architecture of the period are significant for the development of his methodology. These encounters represent the will to spread his own understanding of the “new architecture” as well as a way of self-renewal by confronting the self with new themes and realities and by learning from his collaborators. Thesis’ outline The thesis is divided in two principal parts, each articulated in four chapters attempting to offer a new reading of the theory and work of Pagano by emphasising the central themes of the research. The first chapter is an introduction to the thesis and to the theme of the rational house, as understood and developed in its typological and technical aspects by Pagano and by other protagonists of the Italian rationalism of the 1930s. Here the attention is on two different aspects defining, according to Pagano, the house project: on the one hand, the typological renewal, aimed at defining a “standard form” as a clear and essential answer to certain needs and variables of the project leading to different formal expressions. On the other, it focuses on the building, understood as a technique to “produce” architecture, where new technologies and new materials are not merely tools but also essential elements of the architectural work. In this way the villa becomes different from the theme of the common house or from that of the minimalist house, by using rules in the choice of material and in the techniques that are every time different depending on the theme under exploration and on the contingency of place. It is also visible the rigorous rationalism that distinguishes the author's appropriation of certain themes of rural architecture. The pages of “Casabella” and the events of the contemporary Triennali form the preliminary material for the writing of this chapter given that they are primary sources to individuate projects and writings produced by Pagano and contemporary architects on this theme. These writings and projects, when compared, reconstruct the evolution of the idea of the rational house and, specifically, of the personal research of Pagano. The second part regards the reading of three of Pagano’s projects of houses as a built verification of his theories. This section constitutes the central part of the thesis since it is aimed at detecting a specific methodological approach showing a theoretical and ideological evolution expressed in the vast edited literature. The three projects that have been chosen explore the theme of the house, looking at various research themes that the author proposes and that find continuity in the affirmation of a specific rationalism, focussed on concepts such as essentiality, utility, functionality and building honesty. These concepts guide the thought and the activities of Pagano, also reflecting a social and cultural period. The projects span from the theme of the villa moderna, Villa Colli, which, inspired by the architecture of North Europe, anticipates a specific rationalism of Pagano based on rigour, simplicity and essentiality, to the theme of the common house, Casa a struttura d’acciaio, la casa del domani, which ponders on the definition of new living spaces and, moreover, on new concepts of standardisation, economical efficiency and new materials responding to the changing needs of the modern society. Finally, the third project returns to the theme of the, Villa Caraccio, revisiting it with new perspectives. These perspectives find in the solution of the open plant, in the openness to nature and landscape and in the revisiting of materials and local building systems that idea of the freed house, which express clearly a new theoretical thought. Methodology It needs to be noted that due to the lack of an official Archive of Pagano’s work, the analysis of his work has been difficult and this explains the necessity to read the articles and the drawings published in the pages of «Casabella» and «Domus». As for the projects of Villa Colli and Casa a struttura d’acciaio, parts of the original drawings have been consulted. These drawings are not published and are kept in private archives of the collaborators of Pagano. The consultation of these documents has permitted the analysis of the cited works, which have been subject to a more complete reading following the different proposed solutions, which have permitted to understand the project path. The projects are analysed thought the method of comparison and critical reading which, specifically, means graphical elaborations and analytical schemes, mostly reconstructed on the basis of original projects but, where possible, also on a photographic investigation. The focus is on the project theme which, beginning with a specific living (dwelling) typology, finds variations because of the historico-political context in which Pagano is embedded and which partially shapes his research and theoretical thought, then translated in the built work. The analysis of the work follows, beginning, where possible, from a reconstruction of the evolution of the project as elaborated on the basis of the original documents and ending on an analysis of the constructive principles and composition. This second phase employs a methodology proposed by Pagano in his article Piante di ville, which, as expected, focuses on the plant as essential tool to identify the “true practical and poetic qualities of the construction”(Pagano, «Costruzioni-Casabella», 1940, p. 2). The reading of the project is integrated with the constructive analyses related to the technical aspects of the house which, in the case of Casa a struttura d’acciaio, play an important role in the project, while in Villa Colli and in Villa Caraccio are principally linked to the choice of materials for the construction of the different architectural elements. These are nonetheless key factors in the composition of the work. Future work could extend this reading to other house projects to deepen the research that could be completed with the consultation of Archival materials, which are missing at present. Finally, in the appendix I present a critical selection of the Pagano’s writings, which recall the themes discussed and embodied by the three projects. The texts have been selected among the articles published in Casabella and in other journals, completing the reading of the project work which cannot be detached from his theoretical thought. Moving from theory to project, we follow a path that brings us to define and deepen the central theme of the thesis: rational building as the principal feature of the architectural research of Pagano, which is paraphrased in multiple ways in his designed and built works.

Dalla Francia all'Italia: impegno politico, inchiesta e transfers culturali alle origini della sociologia del lavoro in Italia

Sociology of work in Italy revived at the end of WWII, after thirty years of forced oblivion. This thesis examines the history of discipline by considering three paths that it followed from its revival up to its institutionalization: the influence of the productivity drive, the role of trade unions and the activity of early young researchers. European Productivity Agency's Italian office Comitato Nazionale per la Produttività propagandised studies on management and on the effects of the industrialization on work and society. Academicians, technicians, psychologists who worked for CNP started rethinking sociology of work, but the managerial use of sociology was unacceptable for both trade unions and young researchers. So “free union” CISL created a School in Florence with an eager attention to social sciences as a medium to become a new model union, while Marxist CGIL, despite its ideological aversion to sociology, finally accepted the social sciences lexicon in order to explain the work changes and to resist against the employers' association offensive. On the other hand, political and social engagement led a first generation of sociologists to study social phenomenon in the recently industrialized Italy by using the sociological analysis. Finally, the thesis investigate the cultural transfers from France, whose industrial sociology (sociologie du travail) was considered as a reference in continental Europe. Nearby the wide importance of French sociologie, financially aided by planning institutions in order to employ it in the industrial reconstruction, other minor experiences such as the social surveys accomplished by worker-priests in the suburbs of industrial cities and the heterodox Marxism of the review “Socialisme ou Barbarie” influenced Italian sociology of work.