A ilusão de uma "nova classe média" brasileira: conhecendo as trajetórias de jovens trabalhadores

Esta tese se propõe a discutir o fenômeno da “nova classe média” brasileira, por meio de um estudo empírico-qualitativo, dentro da área de estudos organizacionais. O ponto de partida do estudo se constitui na seguinte problematização: como o crescimento econômico brasileiro, ocorrido ao longo da última década, impactou as trajetórias e condições de vida de trabalhadores de baixa renda? O objetivo central é investigar quais mudanças ocorreram nas trajetórias de jovens de baixa renda que migraram, ao longo da última década, para a dita “nova classe média” brasileira. A abordagem metodológica é empírico-qualitativa e se constitui de uma estratégia de pesquisa principal: reconstrução de biografias narrativas por meio de entrevistas. Contamos com a participação de 42 jovens trabalhadores dentro do recorte pretendido. Os dados empíricos foram interpretados com o auxílio da técnica de análise de conteúdo. A lente teórica da pesquisa é interdisciplinar e privilegiou as contribuições das áreas da Sociologia crítica, econômica e do trabalho, bem como as dos Estudos organizacionais. Os resultados indicaram que as trajetórias dos jovens trabalhadores resguardam mudanças e permanências. Por mais que suas vidas estejam melhores que no passado, os jovens trabalhadores não ascenderam a um estilo de vida típico da classe média convencional, seja pelo fato deles: ainda residirem em zonas periféricas; dependerem dos serviços públicos de transporte e saúde; e realizarem atividades culturais/de lazer similares as que empreendiam no passado. Isto requer entender que as trajetórias dos jovens trabalhadores se passam dentro de uma experiência objetiva de vida coletiva cuja identificação, entre os que nela estão inseridos, emerge das vivências cotidianas e anseios comuns que esses indivíduos possuem para si. Por essa razão, concluímos que a ideia de uma NCM simboliza apenas o desejo de seus idealizadores em apontar a conquista de uma realidade social almejada para o Brasil, e não propriamente a consolidação dessa realidade na vida dos trabalhadores mais pobres. É nesse sentido, que a NCM representa, muito mais, o realizar da ilusão de seus idealizadores, do que a constatação empírica de que as melhoras, em termos de renda e poder de consumo, foram capazes, por si só, de transformar o Brasil em um país de classe média.

Lifestyle factors, direct and indirect costs for a Brazilian airline company

OBJECTIVE: To analyze lifestyle risk factors related to direct healthcare costs and the indirect costs due to sick leave among workers of an airline company in Brazil. METHODS: In this longitudinal 12-month study of 2,201 employees of a Brazilian airline company, the costs of sick leave and healthcare were the primary outcomes of interest. Information on the independent variables, such as gender, age, educational level, type of work, stress, and lifestyle-related factors (body mass index, physical activity, and smoking), was collected using a questionnaire on enrolment in the study. Data on sick leave days were available from the company register, and data on healthcare costs were obtained from insurance records. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to investigate the association between direct and indirect healthcare costs with sociodemographic, work, and lifestyle-related factors. RESULTS: Over the 12-month study period, the average direct healthcare expenditure per worker was US$505.00 and the average indirect cost because of sick leave was US$249.00 per worker. Direct costs were more than twice the indirect costs and both were higher in women. Body mass index was a determinant of direct costs and smoking was a determinant of indirect costs. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity and smoking among workers in a Brazilian airline company were associated with increased health costs. Therefore, promoting a healthy diet, physical activity, and anti-tobacco campaigns are important targets for health promotion in this study population.

Caracterização e inter-relação dos estilos de vida com factores de risco e níveis de obesidade, na população do concelho da Calheta: um estudo de país e filhos

O presente trabalho consiste em três estudos, com os seguintes objectivos: (1) caracterizar os factores inerentes ao estilo de vida da população escolar do concelho da Calheta (actividade física, aptidão física, hábitos de consumo alimentar/tabaco/álcool, risco cardiovascular, estatuto socioeconómico e excesso de peso e obesidade) e estudar a sua inter-relação; (2) caracterizar os factores inerentes ao estilo de vida da população adulta deste concelho, representada pelos progenitores dos alunos que compõem a sub-amostra supracitada, e estudar a inter-relação desses factores; e (3) analisar a relação parental nos factores avaliados nas duas sub-amostras. No primeiro estudo participaram 429 alunos do 2º e 3º Ciclos, e Secundário do Ensino Público, do concelho da Calheta, com idades compreendidas entre os 10 e 22 anos de idade. No segundo estudo participaram 153 mães e 69 pais, com uma média de idades de 42,3 e 45,3 anos de idade respectivamente. No terceiro estudo foram incluídos 176 alunos e respectivos progenitores (153 mães e 69 pais). Verificou-se uma maior afinidade entre os estilos de vida apresentados pelos pais e mães, do que entre estes e os filhos. As maiores diferenças observadas entre os progenitores ocorreram, ao nível da AF do trabalho, consumos de álcool e tabaco (com maior evidência nos homens) e, ao nível da obesidade abdominal e %MG (com maior evidência nas mulheres). Já nos filhos, estas diferenças verificam-se entre sexos, sendo superior nos rapazes a prestação geral nos testes de aptidão física, consumos de álcool e tabaco e actividades sedentárias. Nas raparigas, é superior o tempo gasto em actividades sedentárias educativas, assim como nos níveis de %MG. Posto isto, é possível observar alguma analogia entre os jovens e os adultos do sexo masculino, ao apresentarem maiores consumos de tabaco e álcool, e maior índice de alimentação. Por outro lado, na relação entre progenitores e descendentes, apenas se encontrou um risco estatisticamente significativo no factor obesidade abdominal, o que pode ser explicado pelas limitações ao nível das sub-amostras. Uma amostra menos condicionada, possivelmente, poderá esclarecer os resultados daquela inter-relação, atendendo às percentagens registadas na estimação das taxas de prevalência de EPO, hipertensão e %MG, em ambos os grupos.

Perfil nutricional das pessoas que frequentam os Centros Comunitáros do Funchal

O crescimento exponencial das áreas urbanas e o desenvolvimento económico trouxe rápidas mudanças no estilo de vida, especialmente na alimentação e na actividade física das pessoas, que influenciaram o estado nutricional e consequentemente a saúde. O objectivo deste estudo foi determinar o perfil nutricional das pessoas que frequentam os Centros Comunitários do Funchal. Foi um estudo quantitativo com uma amostra aleatória de 132 pessoas com 65 e mais anos. O protocolo incluiu um formulário com os dados sócio-demográficos e antropometria, o questionário Mini Nutritional Assessment e o Questionário de Baecke Modificado. No tratamento dos dados recorremos à análise estatística descritiva e inferencial. A Amostra foi predominantemente feminina (84,1%), com idade entre 65-88 anos ( =71,58 e s = ±5,31), casada/vivia maritalmente (43,9%) ou viúva (40,9%), com pouca escolaridade e rendimentos inferiores ao salário mínimo regional (74,23%). A maioria (81,1%) apresentou-se bem nutrida. Antropometricamente houve correlações, positiva da idade com o peso e negativa com o perímetro geminal e braquial. O maior perímetro geminal associou-se a maior rendimento. A maioria foi considerada “menos activa”. As mulheres realizaram mais actividades domésticas, o que se correlacionou com a idade. Nas actividades de tempos livres destacaram-se os solteiros, nas domésticas os que viviam com cônjuge / filho (s) e na actividade total os que tinham educação superior. Houve correlação positiva entre estado nutricional e actividades domésticas, desportivas e actividade total. Existiu correlação negativa entre perímetro da cintura e actividades domésticas, desportivas e actividade total. As mulheres apresentaram mais excesso de peso e risco elevado de doença do que os homens. Conclusão: A maioria dos idosos apresentava-se bem nutrida. Ao melhor estado nutricional equivaleram maiores actividades domésticas, actividades desportivas e actividade total e vice-versa; a maior perímetro da cintura menores actividades domésticas, actividades desportivas e actividade total e vice-versa. A maioria das mulheres revelou excesso de peso e risco elevado de doença. A homogeneidade da amostra permitiu identificação de apenas um perfil.

Atividade física na terceira idade: estudo comparativo entre praticantes de atividade física e sedentários

O progressivo envelhecimento populacional tem suscitado cada vez mais uma maior preocupação e um particular interesse da sociedade. Para além de melhorar a condição física e a robustez do idoso, a atividade física tem também a vantagem de servir como um bom complemento psicológico, permitindo a “fuga” às depressões e incentivo ao convívio social. A adoção de um estilo de vida ativo é considerada um importante componente para a melhoria da qualidade de vida e independência funcional dos idosos. Existem diversas evidências científicas de que a atividade física pode ser usada no sentido de retardar, e até mesmo atenuar, o processo de declínio das funções orgânicas que são observadas com o envelhecimento. As mudanças decorrentes da terceira idade requerem também uma adaptação dos próprios idosos e a forma como cada um se adapta, constitui um fator determinante no seu processo de envelhecimento. Nos últimos anos, temos assistido a um crescente número de estudos associados à prática de atividade física na terceira idade, o que revela uma forte aposta em promover esta temática. Como sinal dessa tendência, tivemos em 2012 o Ano Europeu do Envelhecimento Ativo e Solidariedade entre Gerações que, face à tendência de envelhecimento da população da Europa procurou sensibilizar a sociedade europeia para o contributo prestado pelas pessoas mais velhas, bem como promover medidas que criassem mais e melhores oportunidades para que os cidadãos idosos se mantenham ativos. O presente estudo de natureza quantitativa e complementado por uma análise comparativa pretendeu estudar as principais diferenças entre dois grupos de idosos de duas instituições com respostas sociais de Lar e Centro de Dia, no concelho de Machico e o impacto da prática de atividade física para a sua qualidade de vida. Para tal, foram aplicados inquéritos por questionário a uma amostra aleatória de 40 idosos, de ambos os sexos com 65 ou mais anos, com capacidade de resposta e independentes/autónomos na realização das suas atividades da vida diária. Comparativamente, observou-se que os idosos que praticavam atividade física estavam mais informados e/ou sensibilizados para as questões gerais sobre saúde física, embora de uma forma vaga, não tendo por vezes uma perceção adequada sobre a importância e vantagens da atividade física. No grupo de sedentários foi notório um maior desconhecimento, principalmente nas questões colocadas sobre a atividade física versus campo emocional, de convívio e de bemestar. iv Em termos globais, constatou-se que existiam diferenças significativas na qualidade de vida dos idosos de ambos os grupos, nomeadamente a alteração do estilo e hábitos de vida da quase totalidade dos idosos do grupo com atividade física que passaram a fazê-lo aquando da admissão nas instituições, sabendo que não tinham antecedentes desta prática no seu dia-a-dia. Para além disso, a forma como ocupavam o seu tempo também representou um elemento chave, uma vez que nenhum dos inquiridos que praticava atividade física não se ocupava com absolutamente nada, ao contrário dos idosos sedentários. Em termos de evolução do estado de saúde em virtude da prática de atividade física, muito poucos foram os casos que consideraram uma regressão no seu estado de saúde, diferindo do grupo de idosos sedentários. Por fim, os problemas emocionais que influenciavam o desempenho das atividades diárias foram identificados em maior número pelos idosos sedentários.

Arte, prazer e bisturi: construção corporal através da body modification

In view of a field research carried out by a team connected to the universe of body modification, it is possible to discern some uses and meanings linked to these forms of body interventions. Body modification or body change is part of the circuit of piercings and tattoos, although they are socially less thinned and more extreme, like scarifications, subcutaneous implants, bifurcated tongues, surfaces and body suspensions. The aim of this paper is to cast an anthropological glance on these practices, joining at the same context all the subjects involved with these techniques, placing them inside the same relational focus and capturing their journeys and trajectories. The discussions are concentrated on the notion of body building and urban life style. Ideas as personal distinctness and prestige imitation are also present in this universe, as well as matters attached to genre, pleasure, art, and to the so-called alternative circuit . This way, the ethnography so far presented here, reveals the complex and contemporaneous character of these practices of body markings in which the body appears as the central element in the experiences of the subjects of this study

Acesso aos serviços odontológicos e incidência de cárie em adolescentes e fatores de risco em município do Nordeste Brasileiro, 2006

The aims of this study were to analyze the access of dental services by child population, to determine the prevalence of dental caries, gingivitis and malocclusion in resident children from the municipal district of Sobral Ceará and to evaluate the incidence of the dental decay in adolescents associated with the factors related to socioeconomic condition, access to health services and self-perception. This study had as main factor the multidisciplinary represented by the participation of health professional (doctors, dentists, nurses) in the development of the survey's initial reference; student from Human Sciences area to apply the structured questionnaire in domiciliary visits; statistics professionals in the orientation of the analysis to be held and family health team (community health agents, dentists and dental clinic assistants) in the scheduling of domiciliary visits and the accomplishment of oral exam. The sample was determined from the domicile record that included children born between 1990 and 1994 to develop the research Children health conditions in the municipal district of Sobral Ceará . The first sample comprised 3425 parents of children from 5 to 9 years old, living in the urban area at the municipal district of Sobral Ceará, aiming at identifying the most important factors associated to the access to dental service. From this sample, 1021 children were selected in a systematic way, for the accomplishment to the epidemiological study of decay, gingivitis and malocclusion. In the study's third phase, in order to arrange the group to be followed, 688 adolescents were examined and interviewed, by means of the active search from the 1021 individuals that had been previously examined. It was observed that 50.9% of the children had access to dental service at least once in a lifetime. Of this total, 65.3% accomplished it during the last year, and 85.4% of these did in public services, what allows to identify the importance of this sector in the access to dental services. It was observed that the factors that most affected the access to dental 129 services were related to socioeconomic condition, such as the access to health plan, the possession of toothbrush, garbage collecting, mother s schooling, sewerage treatment and malnutrition. In relation to oral diseases, an increase in the DMF-T index according the age was observed, from 0.10 in five years old to 1.66 in the nine years old, while with the dmf-t index, the inverse happened, since the index decreased from 3.59 in five years old to 2.69 in nine years old. In relation to gingivitis, an average 32.7% of the children presented gum bleeding. In what concerns malocclusion, it was observed that 60.3% of the children didn't present any problem, 30.17% had light malocclusion and 9.5% severe malocclusion. The average incidence of dental caries was 1.86 teeth per youngster. Among the studied variables, tooth pain in the last six months, mother's income and school snack, adjusted by the perception about the need of treatment, the mother's schooling and the dentist's appointment at least once in a lifetime, were the variables that presented positive relationship with the high incidence of dental caries on this population by logistic regression. Variables of socioeconomic nature, related to the access to health services and behavior and biological variables presented a relationship with the high caries incidence. The study point out to the need of developing health actions in a humanized way, by an oral health team effectively bound to the population's interest, with the great objective to provide, with the public health services managers, adequate conditions to improve oral health

Marcadores de risco cardiovasculares bioquímicos e antropométricos em idosos hipertensos e aparentemente saudaveis

Idosos apresentam prevalência aumentada de Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica - HAS além de multiplicidade de fatores de risco cardiovasculares adicionais relacionados a maus hábitos de vida. Este é um estudo transversal que teve como objetivos comparar e correlacionar marcadores bioquímicos e antropométricos e hábitos de vida indicadores de risco cardiovascular em idosos hipertensos e predominantemente saudáveis, sedentários e praticantes de atividade física. A amostra foi composta por 322 idosos, e distribuída em 2 grupos: G1: hipertensos e G2: predominatemente saudáveis. A coleta de dados constou de anamnese e avaliações bioquímica (perfil lipídico e Proteína C-Reativa - PCR) e antropométrica (Índice de Massa Corpórea - IMC, Circunferência da Cintura - CC, Circunferência abdominal - CA e Relação Cintura- Quadril - RCQ). Na análise dos dados utilizou-se estatística descritiva, Teste t de Student, análise de variância (ANOVA One-Way) e correlação de Pearson. Os resultados mostram que no G1: 100% eram hipertensos, sendo que 31,55% eram diabéticos e hipertensos e 0% era exclusivamente diabético, no G2: 28,86% eram hipertensos, sendo que 13,40% eram diabéticos e hipertensos, 5,15% eram exclusivamente diabéticos e 65,99% não apresentam qualquer processo patológico ativo. Com relação aos hábitos e estilo de vida, no G1: 58,22% eram sedentários; 2,6% fumantes e 1,7% etilistas. No G2: 5,15% eram sedentários; 7,21% fumantes e 8,24% etilistas. Com relação ao estado nutricional, verificou-se que no G1: 10,52% dos homens apresentaram Sobrepeso - SP e 14,03% Obesidade - OB, já entre as mulheres, 25,59% apresentaram SP e 20,23% OB. No G2: 6,06% dos homens apresentaram SP e 9,09% OB, e entre as mulheres, 15,87% apresentaram SP e 22,22% OB. Na análise da RCQ, apresentaram valores acima dos recomendados: 24,56% dos homens e 82,14% das mulheres do G1 e 12,12% dos homens e 74,60% das mulheres do G2. Com relação a CC e CA, apresentaram valores indicativos de risco, respectivamente: no G1 (52,63% e 29,82% dos homens e 91,66% e 87,5% das mulheres) e no G2 (9,09% e 9,09% dos homens, e 80,95% e 55,55% das mulheres). Com relação à idade, as freqüências de SP e OB no G1(n=225) foram: SP (A1=11,11%, A2=8%, A3=1,77%), OB (A1=8,44%, A2=8,88%, A3=1,33%), e no G2(n=97) foram: SP (A1= 5,15%, A2= 5,15%, A3= 2,06%) e OB (A1=9,27%, A2=7,21%, A3=0%). Na comparação entre G1 e G2 observou-se diferença estatísticamente significativa entre as seguintes médias: IMC: [G1=27,23 e G2=23,26 x (p=0,0344)]; CA: [G1=99,09 e G2=89,51 (p<0,0001)]; CC: [G1=93,64 e G2=86,37 (p<0,0001)] e RCQ: [G1=93,64 e G2=86,37 (p<0,0001)]. Na correlação, verificou-se associação considerada como fraca positiva (p<0,05) entre PCR e as variáveis antropométricas e o perfil lipídico. Os resultados apontam para maior freqüência e intensidade de fatores de risco cardiovasculares adicionais a hipertensão em mulheres em relação aos homens, nas faixas etárias relativamente mais jovens, A1 e A2, em relação a mais velha, A3, e no grupo de idosos hipertensos, G1, em relação ao de idosos predominantemente saudáveis, G2. Observou-se correlação, considerada fraca positiva (r>0,30), entre PCR, perfíl lipídico e variáveis antropométrica (p<0,05). Esta tese apresenta uma relação de interface multidisciplinar, tendo o seu conteúdo uma aplicação nos campos da Fisioterapia, Educação Física, Medicina, Nutrição e da Bioquímica

Efeito da natação e do basquetebol em cadeira de rodas sobre o colesterol HDL: uma investigação em indivíduos com lesão medular

Despite the observation of an increase in life expectancy in individuals with Spinal cord injury (SCI), it is lower than that of the general population. Studies have shown that affected individuals have a sedentary lifestyle that reflects negatively on health and quality of life. Studies have demonstrated that HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, a high-density lipoprotein and important predictor of cardiovascular disease, are lower in this population exposing these people to a greater incidence of heart disease from atherosclerotic process In the general population, exercise increases HDL-C serum levels, but this phenomenon is not very clear in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). The present study examined the effect of both swimming and wheelchair basketball in the lipid profile of eleven men and seven women with SCI. The subjects included in regular exercise programs showed increases in HDL-C levels and decreases in CT/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios. We found better results mainly in men with lower levels of SCI and in those that sustained exercise intensities above 60% of the heart rate reserve. The duration of training sessions can be an essential factor in these results. The results suggest that both the exercise prescription and the personal characteristics of people with SCI influence changes in the lipid profile mediated through exercise. The elaboration of this work is an attempt to clarify uncertainties about health and the longevity of people with SCI generated in discussion of all members of the interdisciplinary rehabilitation team, especially the physiotherapists, nutritionists, nurses and physicians that contributed considerably in all phases of the research

Estado nutricional antropométrico, perfil lipídico e consumo alimentar como fatores de risco para doença cardiovascular em adolescentes

The dyslipidemia and excess weight in adolescents, when combined, suggest a progression of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Besides these, the dietary habits and lifestyle have also been considered unsuitable impacting the development of chronic diseases. The study objectives were: (1) estimate the prevalence of lipid profile and correlate with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist / height ratio (WHR) in adolescents, considering the maturation sexual, (2) know the sources of variance in the diet and the number of days needed to estimate the usual diet of adolescents and (3) describe the dietary patterns and lifestyle of adolescents, family history of CVD and age correlates them with the patterns of risk for CVD, adjusted for sexual maturation. A cross-sectional study was performed with 432 adolescents, aged 10-19 years from public schools of the Natal city, Brazil. The dyslipidemias were evaluated considering the lipid profile, the index of I Castelli (TC / HDL) and II (LDL / HDL) and non-HDL cholesterol. Anthropometric indicators were BMI, WC and WHR. The intake of energy, nutrients including fiber, fatty acids and cholesterol was estimated from two 24-hour recalls (24HR). The variables of lipid profile, anthropometric and clinical data were used in the models of Pearson correlation and linear regression, considering the sexual maturation. The variance ratio of the diet was calculated from the component-person variance, determined by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The definition of the number of days to estimate the usual intake of each nutrient was obtained by taking the hypothetical correlation (r) ≥ 0.9, between nutrient intake and the true observed. We used the principal component analysis as a method of extracting factors that 129 accounted for the dependent variables and known cardiovascular risk obtained from the lipid profile, the index for Castelli I and II, non-HDL cholesterol, BMI, and WC the WHR. Dietary patterns and lifestyle were obtained from the independent variables, based on nutrients consumed and physical activity weekly. In the study of principal component analysis (PCA) was investigated associations between the patterns of cardiovascular risk factors in dietary patterns and lifestyle, age and positive family history of CVD, through bivariate and multiple logistic regression adjusted for sexual maturation. The low HDL-C dyslipidemia was most prevalent (50.5%) for adolescents. Significant correlations were observed between hypercholesterolemia and positive family history of CVD (r = 0.19, p <0.01) and hypertriglyceridemia with BMI (r = 0.30, p <0.01), with the CC (r = 0.32, p <0.01) and WHR (r = 0.33, p <0.01). The linear model constructed with sexual maturation, age and BMI explained about 1 to 10.4% of the variation in the lipid profile. The sources of variance between individuals were greater for all nutrients in both sexes. The reasons for variances were  1 for all nutrients were higher in females. The results suggest that to assess the diet of adolescents with greater precision, 2 days would be enough to R24h consumption of energy, carbohydrates, fiber, saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. In contrast, 3 days would be recommended for protein, lipid, polyunsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol. Two cardiovascular risk factors as have been extracted in the ACP, referring to the dependent variables: the standard lipid profile (HDL-C and non-HDL cholesterol) and "standard anthropometric index (BMI, WC, WHR) with a power explaining 75% of the variance of the original data. The factors are representative of two independent variables led to dietary patterns, "pattern 130 western diet" and "pattern protein diet", and one on the lifestyle, "pattern energy balance". Together, these patterns provide an explanation power of 67%. Made adjustment for sexual maturation in males remained significant variables: the associations between puberty and be pattern anthropometric indicator (OR = 3.32, CI 1.34 to 8.17%), and between family history of CVD and the pattern lipid profile (OR = 2.62, CI 1.20 to 5.72%). In females adolescents, associations were identified between age after the first stage of puberty with anthropometric pattern (OR = 3.59, CI 1.58 to 8.17%) and lipid profile (OR = 0.33, CI 0.15 to 0.75%). Conclusions: The low HDL-C was the most prevalent dyslipidemia independent of sex and nutritional status of adolescents. Hypercholesterolemia was influenced by family history of CVD and sexual maturation, in turn, hypertriglyceridemia was closely associated with anthropometric indicators. The variance between the diets was greater for all nutrients. This fact reflected in a variance ratio less than 1 and consequently in a lower number of days requerid to estimate the usual diet of adolescents considering gender. The two dietary patterns were extracted and the pattern considered unhealthy lifestyle as healthy. The associations were found between the patterns of CVD risk with age and family history of CVD in the studied adolescents

Tempo livre de lazer e composição corporal de escolares do meio-oeste catarinense

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between free time for leisure and body composition of students in the crucial ninth year. (N = 228) of towns in the Midwest catarinense. We used the Adolescent Behavior Questionnaire of Santa Catarina (COMPAC) to assess lifestyle, considering that Active schoolchildren during the week, accumulated 300 or more minutes of moderate or vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Were used the time to 2 hours or more / day to determine the time of excessive use of TV and computer video game. To analyze body composition were used two criteria: the Body Mass Index (BMI) and sum of skinfolds (EDC). It was observed a proportion of 67.3% of girls and 68.7% of boys assets and more than 98% of students were using excessive TV time, computer and video game. In the classification by EDC, most of the boys showed great or low levels of body composition, while more than half of girls were classified at higher levels. As for BMI, most boys and girls had not overweight. Significant difference in the comparison of total minutes per week of MVPA reported between the groups, the second criterion of EDC and BMI for girls but not for BMI in boys. It is concluded that students with higher accumulation in minutes of MVPA showed better body composition indicators, but no significant difference was found when compared active groups with inactive, according to criteria used.

Determinação dos intervalos de referência para lipídios, lipoproteínas e apolipoproteínas no estado do Rio Grande do Norte

The lipid profile is a group of lab tests that include triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). However, serum non-HDL-C, Apo A-I and Apo B levels, as well as the lipids ratios (TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C and Apo B/Apo A-I), have been described as better predictors of cardiovascular diseases. Reference intervals are tools often used to help the evaluation of the people s health state. These days, Brazilian studies still use the reference intervals of lipids and lipoproteins from other countries, ignoring differences between the populations. Therefore, this study aimed to establish reference intervals for lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in adults of Rio Grande do Norte/Brazil. Healthy individuals (96 men and 283 women) between 18 and 59years old formed the reference sample group. The samples were collected after fasting 12 to 14 hours. Information on lifestyle and dietary habits of the participants were obtained through questionnaire. The serum glucose level and renal and liver activity were evaluated by laboratory testing. The results of lipid profile were analyzed according to sex, age and mesoregion of Rio Grande do Norte, with significance level of 5% (p < 0,05). The lower and upper reference limits were identified by the 2.5 percentile and 97.5 percentile, respectively, and assurance intervals of 90% was calculated for each of these limits. Among the determinants of lipid profile analyzed, only a few significant differences were observed according to sex, but in terms of age, the groups of smaller and older ages were most likely different. When evaluated by region, the means of West region shown the most significant variations. Not many studies were useful to compare the reference intervals determined in this study. Thus, it becomes necessary to carry out similar studies in other regions of Brazil and of the world given the clinical importance of reference intervals

Ambiente pesqueiro e saúde: representações sociais sobre saúde e doença de pescadores e marisqueiras nos distritos de Diogo Lopes, Barreiras e Sertãozinho Macau RN

According to Brazil s Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture, artisanal fishermen are responsible for a significant fish production at national level, highlighting the importance of this activity. In Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, fishing has become an important part of economic and social processes. In this context, there are many inland fishing communities such as Barreiras, Diogo Lopes and Sertãozinho, which are part of Ponta do Tubarão State Reserve of Sustainable Development (RDSEPT), located in Macau and Guamaré, Rio Grande do Norte coastline cities. Fishermen and women, the last ones known as marisqueiras who work alongside the menfolk at sea, especially in the shellfish harvest, have been developing narrow relationships with nature, mainly with the sea, from where they extract their families subsistence. However, those communities have been facing several issues related to living conditions, health and diseases. Social representations have been analyzed in the speeches of fishermen/women who were registered active members in a fishermen association named Associação Colônia de Pescadores Z-41, regarding the period from 2008 to 2011. The analysis involved socio-economic profiles verification, identification and analysis of the group s main representative diseases and representations related to health and illness. This study searched for elements in order to provide the comprehension of the relationships among people s social representations and the fishing environment in which they live.. This qualiquantitative study was performed using recordings and transcriptions of structured and open-question interviews. The Collective Subject Speech tecnique proposed by Lefevre & Lefevre (2002) was applied to perform the interviews analysis using QualiQuantiSoft® software. The results showed that health and illness phenomena as well as social representations related to them in the fishing environment are not only abstract states but also physical ones, which interfere in all life extensions, establishing a set of relevant information that indicates that those people realize their own socio-cultural, economic, environmental and political context

Parâmetros de concretização judicial do direito fundamental à saúde no fornecimento de medicamentos

In Brazil, social rights have always been considered secondary legal categories, whose implementation could wait for the pending of political decisions. At the end of the Second World War, International Law emphasizes the protection of human beings, raising his dignity as a legal pillar of the legal orders and one of the main foundations of Constitutions. At the post-positivism Constitutionalism, the realization of social rights receives special attention with the assumption of supremacy and normativity of the Constitutions, while the judiciary participates in the realization of democracy, not only as applicator of laws, but also as the guardian of constitutionality of the acts and administrative omissions, creatively contributing to the constitutional achievement, filling gaps and normative state omissions. In this aspect, the supply of medicines, whose costs can not be supported by the individual, keep a close connection with the right to life, health and dignity of the human being, as the subject of numerous lawsuits directed against the Public Administration. Such phenomenon has caused intense debate regarding judicial activism and legitimacy of these decisions, particularly on the need to define what are the limits and possibilities considering the principle of separation of powers and the principle of reserve of the possible; bieng this the problematic developed in this research. Thus, this research aims to verify the legitimacy of judicial decisions that determines to the Public Administration the compulsory providing of medicine to those who can not afford the cost of their treatment, as well as, contribute to the dogmatic constructions of parameters to be observed by judicial interference. Regarding the methodology, this research has an investigative and descriptive caracter and an theoretical approach based on bibliographical data collection (judicial and doutrine decisions) that received qualitative treatment and dialectical approach. As a result, it is known that the judicial decision that determines the supply of medicines to those individuals who can not afford them with their own resources is legitimate and complies with the democratic principle, not violating the principle of separation of powers and the reserve of the possible, since the judicial decison is not stripped with an uniform and reasonable criteria, failing to contain high burden of subjectivism and witch signifies a possible exacerbation of functions by the judiciary, suffering, in this case, of requirement of legal certainty. It is concluded that the Court decision that determines the government the providing of medicine to those who can not afford the cost of treatment should be based on parameters such as: the protection of human dignity and the minimum existencial principle, the inafastable jurisdiction principle; compliance critique of the possible reserve principle; subsidiarity of judicial intervention; proportionality (quantitative and qualitative) in the content of the decision; the questioning about the reasons for non-delivery of the drug through administrative via; and, finally, the attention not to turn the judiciary into a mere production factor of the pharmaceutical industry, contributing to the cartelization of the right to health