Convocando os hermeneutas da república iletrada: o prêmio Francisco Alves

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effects of catecholamines on volemic replacement with saline solution and the impact on heart rate variability in rabbits subjected to hemorrhage. A study by spectral analysis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeitos da redução ou substituição do soro fetal bovino por outros compostos na maturação in vitro de oócitos bovinos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A inserção e o impacto internacional da pesquisa brasileira em 'estudos métricos': uma análise na base Scopus

This research aims at analyzing the Brazilian scientific contribution on “metric studies” in the mainstream science through journals indexed in the Scopus basis, intending to visualize its insertion and international impact in the area. Mainly, to diachronically study the researches, the most productive authors and the scientific support network generated among them, as well as to identify the journals in which such production has been disseminated. It is based upon the three main target groups of current bibliometrics, as in Glänzel’s perspective (2003), and upon the impact of Brazilian researches in the international community through the citations received. Were found 263 articles and tables concerning the diachronical study and the highlighted researchers and journals were constructed analyzing the insertion in the target groups, the number of articles, number of citations and the average of citations. As results, researchers from the Federal Universities of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo have stood out. All the researchers permeate the application of metric studies to several scientific areas, with emphasis on the health and biological sciences. The least contemplated researches were the ones whose objective was to develop and to discuss the bibliometrics as methodology, contributing to its on conceptual-theoreticalmethodological development, as well as those focusing on contributing, assessing and guiding scientific policies. We conclude by suggesting scientific and academic policies which motivate the researchers to publish in journals indexed in international bases in order to internationalize Brazilian science.

Cursos superiores de tecnologia: igualdade jurídica e dualidade na escola

Since the 1990s, higher education technology courses in Brazil have greatly expanded the offer of courses and places. However, the high dropout rates presented in these courses led to a research in order to uncover the factors that lead students to dropout. Through literature review and desk research, this study makes a historical analysis of how professional education is conducted in Brazil. This paper seeks to demonstrate that the implementation of public policies for professional education exacerbates the school’s duality. However, such duality generates contradictions between subjective and objective issues produced by the ideology disseminated by public policies and government actions in relation to vocational education. These contradictions end up unveiling the social inferiority of vocational education and discourage students from remaining in the courses. The legal equality between educational levels seeks to mediate the emergence of these contradictions. However, despite legal equality, social equality is not achieved in the implementation of public policies, leading to a high dropout rate.

Air versus saline in the loss of resistance technique for identification of the epidural space

BackgroundThe success of epidural anaesthesia depends on correct identification of the epidural space. For several decades, the decision of whether to use air or physiological saline during the loss of resistance technique for identification of the epidural space has been governed by the personal experience of the anaesthesiologist. Epidural block remains one of the main regional anaesthesia techniques. It is used for surgical anaesthesia, obstetrical analgesia, postoperative analgesia and treatment of chronic pain and as a complement to general anaesthesia. The sensation felt by the anaesthesiologist from the syringe plunger with loss of resistance is different when air is compared with saline (fluid). Frequently fluid allows a rapid change from resistance to non-resistance and increased movement of the plunger. However, the ideal technique for identification of the epidural space remains unclear.ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of both air and saline in the loss of resistance technique for identification of the epidural space.To evaluate complications related to the air or saline injected.Search methodsWe searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (2013, Issue 9), MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Information Database (LILACS) (from inception to September 2013). We applied no language restrictions. The date of the most recent search was 7 September 2013.Selection criteriaWe included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-randomized controlled trials (quasi-RCTs) on air and saline in the loss of resistance technique for identification of the epidural space.Data collection and analysisTwo review authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data.Main resultsWe included in the review seven studies with a total of 852 participants. The methodological quality of the included studies was generally ranked as showing low risk of bias inmost domains, with the exception of one study, which did not mask participants. We were able to include data from 838 participants in the meta-analysis. We found no statistically significant differences between participants receiving air and those given saline in any of the outcomes evaluated: inability to locate the epidural space (three trials, 619 participants) (risk ratio (RR) 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.33 to 2.31, low-quality evidence); accidental intravascular catheter placement (two trials, 223 participants) (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.33 to 2.45, low-quality evidence); accidental subarachnoid catheter placement (four trials, 682 participants) (RR 2.95, 95% CI 0.12 to 71.90, low-quality evidence); combined spinal epidural failure (two trials, 400 participants) (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.44 to 2.18, low-quality evidence); unblocked segments (five studies, 423 participants) (RR 1.66, 95% CI 0.72 to 3.85); and pain measured by VAS (two studies, 395 participants) (mean difference (MD) -0.09, 95% CI -0.37 to 0.18). With regard to adverse effects, we found no statistically significant differences between participants receiving air and those given saline in the occurrence of paraesthesias (three trials, 572 participants) (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.15); difficulty in advancing the catheter (two trials, 227 participants) (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.32 to 2.56); catheter replacement (two trials, 501 participants) (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.26 to 1.83); and postdural puncture headache (one trial, 110 participants) (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.12 to 5.71).Authors' conclusionsLow-quality evidence shows that results do not differ between air and saline in terms of the loss of resistance technique for identification of the epidural space and reduction of complications. Applicability might be compromised, as most of the results described in this review were obtained from parturient patients. This review underlines the need to conduct well-designed trials in this field.

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of a novel sphingomyelinase D from Loxosceles gaucho venom

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise funcional do gene da proteína 14-3-3 de Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

A paracoccidioidomicose (PCM) é micose profunda causada pelo fungo dimórfico Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb), endêmica na América Latina, principalmente no Brasil. A capacidade de P. brasiliensis de não só provocar doença humana, mas também de causar micose com grande variedade de manifestações clínicas, desde formas localizadas até doença disseminada, evoluindo para letalidade, depende provavelmente da virulência do fungo, da habilidade deste em interagir com as estruturas superficiais do hospedeiro e invadi-las, e da resposta imunológica deste último. O sucesso da colonização dos tecidos do hospedeiro pelo fungo é um evento complexo, geralmente envolvendo um ligante codificado pelo patógeno (adesinas) e um receptor da célula. Uma adesina de 30 kDa de P. brasiliensis, ligante de laminina, foi caracterizada através de seqüenciamento de aminoácidos, mostrando que esta é uma proteína 14-3-3 envolvida na adesão deste fungo às células epiteliais. Estas formam uma família de proteínas diméricas, ácidas e estão presentes em múltiplas isoformas em muitos organismos eucariotos. Com o intuito de se estudar sua funcionalidade em P. brasiliensis, pretendeu-se clonar, caracterizar e utilizar como hospedeiro do gene desta proteína a levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Para tanto, as seqüências gênicas da adesina 14-3-3 de isolados de P. brasiliensis obtida pela clonagem do cDNA em vetores bacterianos foram utilizadas para obtenção de um homólogo funcional em S. cerevisiae. A capacidade do gene da 14-3-3 de P. brasiliensis ser um homólogo funcional, aderir e invadir as células epiteliais tratadas deve ser avaliada utilizando o modelo pré-existente de culturas celulares in vitro de linhagens humanas. Assim, neste estudo além da clonagem, expressão da 14-3-3 de Pb e obtenção do homólogo funcional do gene desta proteína em S. cerevisiae, foi iniciada... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Mapeamento geológico-estrutural da Sequência Canto, porção sul do Greenstone Belt do Rio Itapirucu, Bahia

The study area is located in the southern portion of Rio Itapicuru Greenstone Belt, Bahia, where were found rocks that belongs to the Canto Sequence, that comprises felsics and intermediary rocks, beyond metasediments. The studied maps and drill holes help to recognized stratigraphy column that was divided in three mains domains, from the base to the top: andesitics to felsics lavas domain, carbonaceous and metasedimentary domains. The data obtained in mapping and petrography analysis allows classify the area in three deformational phases, Dn, Dn+1, Dn+2. The metamorphism recognized according to the mineralogical associations permitted to classify a progressive regional metamorphism (lower to medium greenchist facies) till biotite zone, falling until chlorite zone due to retrometamorphism. The auriferous mineralizations are mainly related to hydrothermal veins included in the different lithologies, mainly in carbonaceous schists

Necrose Asséptica da cabeça do fêmur

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is a non-inflammatory aseptic necrosis of the head of the femur that is found in both young animals and humans before the gap in the femur head closes. In the fields of both human and veterinary medicine the cause of this condition is not known for certain. Various factors have been put forward in the literature as being responsible for the incidence of this condition such as: abnormalities in coagulation, changes in blood flow in the arteries, a septic obstruction in the draining of the epiphysis or the upper parts of the femur, trauma, growth cycle, hyperactivity in a child, genetic influences and dietary factors. Case histories in dogs show that the first stages of the condition progress slowly but that limping or putting weight on the limb worsens at 6 to 8 weeks. Some owners talk about a sharp onset in clinical lameness. Other clinical symptoms may include irritability, loss of appetite and knawing at the hair surrounding the affected hip. In the course of physical examination manipulating the hip joint will cause pain to the animal. The advanced stages of the disease may result in restricted amplitude of movement, muscular atrophy and fracturing. In humans the clinical signs are similar, although progression of the disease is slower so that it can be diagnosed at an earlier stage. In veterinary medicine the diagnosis is, in the main, based on case history, clinical symptoms, physical examination and certain related procedures such as radiography. The various diagnoses include physical trauma and dislocation of the medial patella. In human medicine many people have been correctly diagnosed. Whatsmore, there is a range of related procedures that are virtually not available to veterinary medicine such as magnetic nuclear resonance, that show up necroses with great clarity before radiography and cintilography do, and is considered... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Síndromes paraneoplásicas hematológicas em cães

Tumoral masses can cause several direct problems in the organism, such as invading organs and altering their functions, leading to other problems such as the Paraneoplastic syndrome. The paraneoplastic syndrome is an alteration in the structure and function of the body due to the non-invasive actions of the tumor, for example, liberating hormones, peptides, cytokines and leading to cross reactions between normal tissues. The syndrome can affect different locations in the body, being that some are indicative of specific tumors, however the interpretation of the clinical and pathological findings referring to this syndrome should be utilized in the diagnostic and treatment. In the hematological paraneoplastic syndrome, there are alterations that occur due to indirect actions of the tumor on the blood cellular elements and the coagulation system, and that are generally detected in routine clinical and laboratorial exams. This study objective is to aboard some hematological paraneoplastic syndromes in dogs such as: anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutrophilic leukocytosis, hypergammaglobulinemia and erythrocytosis, emphasizing the different etiologies that may assist in differential diagnosis and the principal neoplasm related to this syndrome. Besides this, the early discovery and treatment of the paraneoplatic syndrome is important as the tumor itself, as it improves the prognostic and quality of life of the patient

Estudo da tratabilidade de água pluvial utilizando coagulante natural a base de tanino visando fins não potáveis

This paper aimed to study the treatability of rainwater collected in Rio Claro, SP, using natural coagulant tannin based. The tannin was compared with other too primary coagulants, namely ferric chloride and corn starch. Assays were performed in laboratory scale using equipment known as Jarteste and aimed to study the conditions most suitable dosage and coagulation pH. First tests were conducted to compare the coagulating and determination of the conditions to be used in the following tests, taking as a criterion the greatest efficiency for water treatment. Also performed were performed tests to construct the tannin coagulation diagram, using the optimal concentration found in the previous phase, by varying the dosage of coagulant and the pH of clotting in order to determine the isoefficiency regions for apparent color and turbidity. Finally, tests were performed cyclically filtration with filter paper. Preliminary tests indicated that the vegetable tannin concentration 3% (m/m) from the commercial solution was presented the best set of results (84.3% removal of apparent color and 82.51% removal of turbidity) compared to ferric chloride (66.25% removal efficiency and apparent color of turbidity 67.82%) and starch (73.68% removal efficiency apparent color and turbidity to 67.19%). The coagulation diagrams indicate that the best region to work with vegetable tannin 3% is where the coagulant dosage ranges from 15 mg/L to about 37.5 mg/L and coagulation pH ranging from about 6.5 to 7.5. The cyclic filtration showed to be not efficient for the best dosage of coagulant, due to the process of clogging of the filter paper, but proved to be efficient for other dosages. Thus, for the waters studied, the results indicate that the natural coagulant based tannin is an alternative to conventional coagulants, possessing benefits of technical and environmental

Histologia comparada de brânquias, fígado e sangue em peixes da espécie Prochilodus lineatus, expostos a águas contaminadas

Os estudos hematológicos das diferentes espécies de peixes são de interesse ecológico e fisiológico, auxiliando na compreensão da relação entre as características sanguíneas, a filogenia, a atividade física, o hábitat e a adaptabilidade dos peixes ao ambiente. No experimento realizado foram testados os efeitos de águas contaminadas em parâmetros hematológicos de peixes da espécie Prochilodus lineatus, em períodos de coleta de 7 e 20 dias, nos quais o sangue foi coletado com seringas heparinizadas, foram montadas lâminas de esfregaço , as quais foram coradas pelo corante de Leishman. Estas lâminas foram analisadas e fotografadas com o auxílio de um microscópio óptico Leica, no qual foram feitas contagens totais de células brancas e contagens diferenciais de trombócitos e leucócitos, para a análise estatística. O grupo exposto ao Lago Azul apresentou uma elevação no número de leucócitos e no total de células brancas, evidenciando que os contaminantes químicos do ambiente estavam atuando de forma semelhante a um antígeno no corpo do animal fazendo com que suas células de defesa se proliferassem. Quanto ao grupo exposto ao detergente, observou-se que após os vinte dias de experimento ocorreu uma diminuição no número de trombócitos. Tais resultados evidenciam que a variação no número de leucócitos apresentou-se como um indicador de poluição ambiental e que os detergentes biodegradáveis podem em certo tempo de exposição ocasionar um déficit em funções vitais de peixes como à coagulação e a prevenção contra infecções, eventos ligados diretamente com os trombócitos. A maioria dos vertebrados aquáticos possui brânquias, estruturas especializadas nas trocas gasosas e responsáveis por grande parte das trocas iônicas. Este órgão acaba por absorver grande parte das substâncias presentes na água, que ao caírem na...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Caracterização do padrão eletroforético de glândulas salivares de Triatoma lecticularia e Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) em diferentes tempos pós repasto sanguíneo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Cetoacidose diabética em pequenos animais

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the most serious complications of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in small animals (SILVA, 2006). It is an acute metabolic disorder, potentially fatal, both in humans and in dogs and cats with DM (BRUYETTE, 1997), being related, mostly, to insulin-dependent diabetics (CHASTAIN, 1981; HUME et al., 2006). DKA is a medical emergency characterized by extreme metabolic abnormalities, including hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, ketonemia, dehydration and electrolyte loss (MACINTIRE, 2006) and its diagnosis may be established basically by the detection of ketonuria and metabolic acidosis (NELSON, 2009). The primary purposes of the treatment of DKA are intravascular volume restoration, dehydration, acid-base and electrolyte’s imbalances correction and blood glucose concentration reduction (BOYSEN, 2008). The treatment’s success depends of the clinical status at the time of diagnosis and of the introduction of an appropriate therapy to the conditions of each patient (CHASTAIN, 1981)