The Role of the European Imperial Powers throughout the Armenian Schism in the 1870s

The Bull "Reversurus" (1867) and its dogmatic legitimization at the First Vatican Council in 1870 caused not only ecclesiastical controversy and Schism in the Armenian Catholic Church, but it had also wide political consequences for the Armenian Catholics in the Ottoman Empire. The conflict originally between the Armenian Catholics and Rome attracted very soon the attention of the European imperial Powers. France, the British Empire, the German Empire, Austria-Hungary and Russia were the main political powers who were involved in the Armenian affair. A full picture of the role of all these powers for the course of the Armenian Schism is missing. Mostly the role of France is foregrounded in the printed sources, as the main power, which supported the papacy to win during the Armenian affair. The role and the motives of the other imperial powers is almost missing. This article will try to describe as completely as possible the historical and political background, which brought to the escalation of the Armenian conflict beyond the national frontiers and led to number of conflicts at the international and transnational level. It will be shown that the imperial policy in Europe in the 19th century have played an enormous role throughout the Armenian Schism. It will be explained that several historical circumstances in Europe, especially the relation of the European imperial powers to each other as well as their expectations from the Ottoman Empire and its Armenian subjects were decisive for the duration and conclusion of the Armenian Schism.

Influence of Religious Institutions in the Creation and Implementation of Public Policy: The Case of Roman Catholic Argentina and Secular Uruguay

The strong presence of religious institutions in Latin America, especially the Roman Catholic Church, and their participation in the creation and implementation of public policy within a sovereign state can be counter-productive for the social development and progress of that specific country. Argentina and Uruguay and the social controversy of social issues of abortion and same-sex marriage are used as examples to establish the accuracy of the above statement. Historical, statistical, and legislative information about both topics in both countries show that the political power that the Roman Catholic Church has in the region is more an outdated influence than a reality, and the principle of secularization appears to be the most stabilizing philosophy for modern nations.

The Catholic Identity of Malta after Ten Years of Membership in the European Union: Challenges and Prospects. Occasional Paper 2/2014

Introduction. Ten years have elapsed since Malta’s accession in the European Union. One can still recall vividly the intense and acrimonious campaign prior to the membership referendum and the ensuing electoral victory that confirmed the Nationalist Party (PN) in power under the leadership of Edward Fenech Adami in 2003. In both cases the Maltese voted in favour of entry into the EU. During both exercises in democracy the Maltese were exposed to the rhetoric of both prophets of doom and prophets of plenty. For the former accession meant a loss of national and territorial independence, for the latter it meant the beginning of opportunity for all and, in some cases, the answer to all of Malta’s woes. Now, ten years later, a further appraisal of Malta’s membership and place in the European Union is called for. The purpose of this paper, however, is to reflect upon how this membership has affected the Roman Catholic Church in Malta and what prospects lie ahead for the Catholic community within Maltese society that remains in a state of constant flux on both the social and the religious level. It traces the major events that have accelerated the transformation of Malta into a secular society. The paper describes how these events, together with pressures that are being brought to bear by secular movements upon Maltese society, are profoundly affecting its Catholic identity and redrawing its moral landscape. It also discusses ways and means by which the Catholic Church in Malta can address these challenges and contribute towards the construction of a more humane Maltese society. In order to achieve this, it must first and foremost remain a coherent witness of a faith that is forever alive, dynamic and relevant.

The Catholic Question in Contemporary Portuguese Civil Society: A Case of Muted Vibrancy? CES Papers - Open Forum #14, 2012

The ‘Catholic question’ in contemporary Portugal obliges us to consider whether Catholicism will remain a force in Portuguese associational life in the next century, or whether it faces a future of slow and steady decline. On the one hand, an overall statistical drop of church membership, and the lack of religious practice by almost half of self-identified Roman Catholics, suggests that the future of the Catholic Church in Portugal will probably be very different than the past. On the other hand, the church’s support for democratic processes, the important social services it provides, and its educational establishment, have certainly been a positive factor in Portuguese associational life, and helped the larger process of democratic-regime consolidation since the Carnation Revolution of 1974. This paper suggests that social scientists need to move beyond the lens normally applied to the question of Catholicism in contemporary Europe (i.e. it is a dying, anti-modern, anti-rational, conservative institution), and instead consider the complex interplay of its demographic challenges combined with the popular sources of its theological and spiritual strength, as well as its vital societal contributions, to assess whether or not it will remain a force in Portuguese associational life in the future.

The role of the Church and the folk in the development of the early drama in New Mexico.

Thesis--Univ. of Pennsylvania.

Fundamentals of pedagogy; a textbook for Catholic teachers,

Bibliography: p. 257-262.

Lettres closes, patentes et curiales : se rapportant a la France /

These letters have been reedited and republished in Catholic Church. Pope, 1352-1362 (Innocentius VI). Lettres secrètes et curiales. Pierre Gasnault et M-H. Laurent, eds. Paris, E. de Boccard, 1959-

Revue thomiste; revue doctrinale de théologie et de philosophie.

Subtitle varies.

What Catholics have done for science. With sketches of the great Catholic scientists.

Mode of access: Internet.

A chronicle of the Catholic history of the Pacific Northwest, 1743-1960.

Includes bibliography.

The life and character of Edmund Geste, S. T. P. The principal compiler of the church of England ... the first protestant bishop of Rochester, afterwards bishop of Salisbury, by appointment of and almoner to Queen Elizabeth.

Appendix I: A treatise against the prevee masse in the behalfe and furtheraunce of the mooste holye communyon made by Edmund Geste. 1548: p. [69]-140.

La politique de Pie X, (1906-1910): Modernistes. Affairs de France. Catholiques d'Allemagne et d'Italie. Réformes romaines. La "Correspondance de Rome" et la France, etc.

Mode of access: Internet.

Concordat et recueil des bulles et brefs de n. s. p. le pape Pie VII, sur les affaires actuelles de l'église de France : décret pour la nouvelle Circonscription des Archevêchés et Évêchés : publication du Jubilé, et indult pour la réduction des fêtes /

Mode of access: Internet.

La renaissance catholique en France au XVIIe siècle /

"Les leçons qui forment ce volume ont éte données en 1910 à l'Institut catholique."--Pref.

Forgotten shrines; an account of some old Catholic halls and families in England, and of relics and memorials of the England martyrs,

Mode of access: Internet.