Study on fatigue crack nucleation of electrodeposited nanocrystalline nickel

The mechanism of fatigue crack nucleation for nanocrystalline (nc) nickel was experimentally investigated in this paper. The samples of electrodeposited ne nickel were loaded cyclically by using a three point bending instrument at first. Then, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to scanning the sample surface after fatigue testing. The results indicated that, after fatigue testing, there are vortex-like cells with an average size of 108nm appeared along the crack on nc nickel sample. And, the roughness of sample surface increased with the maximum stress at the surface.

Influence of Training Set Selection in Artificial Neural Network-Based Propagation Path Loss Predictions

This paper analyzes the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) for predicting the received power/path loss in both outdoor and indoor links. The approach followed has been a combined use of ANNs and ray-tracing, the latter allowing the identification and parameterization of the so-called dominant path. A complete description of the process for creating and training an ANN-based model is presented with special emphasis on the training process. More specifically, we will be discussing various techniques to arrive at valid predictions focusing on an optimum selection of the training set. A quantitative analysis based on results from two narrowband measurement campaigns, one outdoors and the other indoors, is also presented.

层片TiAl合金的微结构对力学行为的影响

本论文针对可能应用于叶片零部件的铸造全层片TiAl基合金进行了多方面的实验研究。目的着重于观测该材料的力学性能对微结构因素的敏感性及其失效行为，并以裂纹萌生为线索探讨其相关的物理和力学内禀机制的表征。研究工作涉及到多种跨越毫米尺度的宏－细－微观力学测试方法和技术，其中，新型试样的应力分析和可行性说明针对于脆怀板材试样并具有良好自对中能力的夹具设计是成功的。单调拉伸实验和拉一拉疲劳实验得到了所研究试样的基本力学性能和影响疲劳性能的微结构敏感因素，如晶粒取向、晶粒大小等。实验研究重点说明了层片取几因素对疲劳抗力的影响一与拉伸轴方向平行的晶粒具有最好的裂纹萌生抗力。扫描电镜和透射电镜下的原位拉伸实验得到了沿层片裂纹萌生的等征，这些等征包括：层片裂纹与拉伸轴夹角呈40°／60°／90°的方向倾向性、裂纹沿γ相真孪晶层片界面萌生的位置倾向性等。纳米压痕实验和原子力显微实验证了层片的弹性模量差异，为宏一细一微观分析提供了依据。分析和讨论工作针对于沿层片萌裂纹的方向的选择性和位置的倾向性等实验现象，以宏观界面力学方法和晶体学理论，侧重表征了与层间变形特性相关的力学和物理机制：（１）以模理量失配理论为基础提出了等效失配概念，得到瞪层片TiAl合金的等效失配度为0.16；（2）以界面能量释放率断裂准则为基础，提出了模式因子（TiAl,0.24）方法来评价拉、剪力的耦合作用；（3）根据以汤普森四面体所构筑的γ层间组合模型，并采用γ层片的惯习面间异类原子对数（NAT值）、穿层几何协调因子和穿层几何协调加和因子等方法分别表征其原子结构尺度下的界面结全强度和层间变形的位错协调性。分析和讨论重阐明了全层片TiAl有序合金的层间抗剪切能力较弱和γ层间真孪晶界面易于裂纹萌生等结果。

Cooperative artificial propagation programs for salmon and steelhead, 1995-1996

Fifteen cooperative fish rearing and planting programs for salmon and steelhead were active from July 1, 1995 through June 30, 1996. For all programs, 134,213 steelhead trout,(Oncorhynchus mykiss), 7,742,577 chinook salmon,(~ tshawytscha),and 25,075 coho salmon(~ kisutch) were planted. (PDF contains 26 pages.)