1000 resultados para Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Programa de Saúde da Família.
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O trabalho em saúde realizado em termos da Atenção Básica por meio da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) tem-se caracterizado por uma divisão parcelar do trabalho entre profissionais de saúde cada vez mais especializados e dependentes do trabalho de outros, perdendo, assim, autonomia e resolutividade. Percebe-se a atuação de equipes extremamente fragmentadas, nas quais cada profissional meramente executa a parte que lhe cabe no processo, sem se preocupar com o resultado geral e abstendo-se do seu papel social. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar como essa tendência pôde ser verificada em uma Equipe de Saúde da Família no bairro do Salobrinho, no município de Ilhéus - BA, por universitários participantes do Programa de Ensino pelo Trabalho para a Saúde (PET-Saúde) vinculado à Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus - BA, e sua tentativa de modificar a realidade a partir do uso de metodologias participativas para valorização da equipe.
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Através de uma revisão da literatura nacional e internacional sobre a formação em saúde mental dirigida para médicos que atuam na atenção primária, os autores procuram identificar referenciais pedagógicos que possam nortear metodologicamente a formação em saúde mental para essa categoria profissional no âmbito da atenção primária em saúde no Brasil.
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A Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) tem representado, na atualidade, um importante modo de reorientação da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no Brasil, pautando-se na territorialização e na reorganização das ações de saúde junto às comunidades, a partir do trabalho de distintos profissionais. Nesse âmbito, a relação de proximidade e de continuidade da ESF com a coletividade tem permitido a emergência de problemas bioéticos de díspares ordens, os quais necessitam ser abordados pelos profissionais da ESF com as ferramentas teóricas adequadas. Com base nessas ponderações, o presente artigo apresenta elementos para a construção de um processo de formação bioética para os trabalhadores da ESF, enfatizando (1) o que abordar - os problemas bioéticos na ESF com base na literatura atual: (a) relações entre profissionais e usuários e suas famílias; (b) relações entre os profissionais da própria equipe; (c) relações entre profissionais e o sistema de saúde; (2) o como abordar - pressupostos pedagógicos e métodos de ensino-aprendizagem; (3) o desenho de uma oficina de formação bioética, de acordo com os pressupostos bioéticos e pedagógicos apresentados. Espera-se que as proposições do manuscrito possam ser úteis para o encaminhamento daquele que é, provavelmente, o grande desafio da bioética na APS/ESF: a incorporação dos conceitos éticos à ação do profissional, de modo a embasar as decisões autônomas dos membros da equipe.
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OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a cobertura do citopatológico em Unidades Básicas de Saúde da Família (UBSF) e descrever características da não realização deste exame nos últimos três anos. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, realizado em Rio Grande (RS), em áreas cobertas pelas Equipes de Saúde da Família (ESF). As entrevistas foram realizadas no domicílio das mulheres, pelos alunos participantes do PET-Saúde. A análise bruta utilizou o software SPSS, onde foram calculados a razão de prevalência, intervalos de confiança de 95% e valor p. A análise multivariada foi realizada por regressão de Poisson, no programa Stata 9.0, onde ingressaram as variáveis com valor p de até 0,20 na análise bruta. No primeiro nível, temos as variáveis idade, ter companheiro e saber ler e escrever. No segundo nível, ingressaram as variáveis número de consultas e oferecimento da coleta de citopatológico. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de citopatológico realizado há 36 meses ou menos foi de 66,3%. Na análise ajustada, as mulheres com idade de 19 anos ou menos (p<0,001), sem companheiro (p<0,001), que não sabiam ler e escrever (p=0,01), que nunca consultaram na unidade básica (p=0,02) e que o exame não havia sido oferecido na consulta (p=0,006), apresentaram maior probabilidade não ter o seu exame de citopatológico coletado nos últimos 36 meses. CONCLUSÃO: O serviço local de saúde mostrou-se pouco efetivo e desigual. Pouco efetivo porque cobriu menor número de mulheres do que o indicado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde e desigual porque o acesso a esse exame variou conforme algumas características das usuárias.
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OBJETIVO: caracterizar a assistência pré-natal no contexto de Unidades Básicas de Saúde da Família e verificar a associação de sua adequação com características maternas, socioeconômicas e do saneamento ambiental, bem como a influência deste conjunto de fatores sobre o peso ao nascer das crianças. MÉTODOS: A população elegível para o estudo foi constituída por todas as mulheres que tiveram parto durante o ano de 2009 e residentes no município de Queimadas no momento da coleta de dados. As informações foram coletadas com o uso de entrevista com as mães nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde da Família ou no domicílio materno mediante aplicação de questionário. O índice de adequação pré-natal (variável desfecho) foi definido como adequado sempre que realizou-se seis ou mais consultas de pré-natal e iniciou-se o acompanhamento no primeiro trimestre da gravidez (<20 semanas). Realizou-se regressão logística hierárquica para estimar razões de chance de pré-natal inadequado e um modelo de regressão linear múltipla foi empregado para estimar o efeito da adequação do pré-natal e das variáveis maternas, socioeconômicas e do saneamento ambiental sobre o peso ao nascer. Foi considerada associação significante p valores <5% e o programa estatístico utilizado foi Rv2.10.0. RESULTADOS: De um total de 199 mulheres incluídas, 78,4% foram classificadas como de cuidado pré-natal adequado. Após ajustamento por outros preditores, manteve-se como variável explicativa do pré-natal inadequado a idade da mãe igual ou inferior a 19 anos (RC 4,2; IC95% 1,1 - 15,8). Mesmo após controle de variáveis, associaram-se com a redução do peso ao nascer das crianças o abastecimento de água por poço/nascente, o lixo queimado/enterrado e o lixo a céu aberto, respondendo por reduções de peso da ordem de 563,8, 262,0 e 951,9 g, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: A adequada assistência pré-natal pode amenizar a influência das desigualdades socioeconômicas relacionadas com a atenção à saúde. Ainda nessa situação, mães adolescentes apresentam maior possibilidade de pré-natal inadequado e o baixo peso ao nascer favorece-se por condições de saneamento inapropriadas (forma de abastecimento da água e destino do lixo).
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Resumo Introdução: Doença renal crônica (DRC) é um importante problema de saúde pública que, no Brasil, tem como principais etiologias a hipertensão arterial (HA) e odiabetes mellitus (DM). O diagnóstico precoce possibilita a implementação de medidas preventivas que retardam ou mesmo interrompem a progressão para os estágios mais avançados da DRC. Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados à DRC entre adultos atendidos pela Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF). Métodos: Estudo transversal com delineamento epidemiológico, descritivo e observacional, realizado com 511 adultos maiores de 20 anos, atendidos na ESF em região de Goiânia, GO. Definiu-se DRC como TFG < 60 mL/min/1,73 m2 e/ou albuminúria ≥ 30 mg/g. A taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG) foi estimada pela equação de Cockcroft-Gault e a albuminúria por meio da razão entre albumina e creatinina urinária em amostra de urina. Constituíram variáveis independentes: idade, sexo, pressão arterial, uso de álcool, DM, tabagismo e sobrepeso/obesidade. Resultados: A prevalência de DRC foi 32,53%, enquanto TFG < 60 mL/min/1,73 m2 ocorreu em 10,64% e albuminúria em 25,29% da amostra. A análise identificou associação significativa entre idade ≥ 60 anos e TFG < 60 mL/min/1,73 m2 (p < 0,001). Quanto à albuminúria ≥ 30 mg/g, encontrou-se associação com sexo masculino (p = 0,043), DM (p = 0,002) e consumo de álcool (p = 0,035). Conclusão: Observou-se alta prevalência de DRC nos estágio iniciais na ESF, sendo os fatores associados à doença idade ≥ 60 anos, sexo masculino, DM e consumo de álcool. Logo, sugere-se a realização de triagem e monitoramento para DRC em adultos atendidos na ESF.
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Objetivou analisar a atuação dos enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família frente à violência intrafamiliar contra a criança, visando identificar ações de prevenção do problema. Pesquisa descritiva e exploratória de cunho qualitativo, cujos dados foram analisados conforme análise de conteúdo. Participaram do estudo 14 enfermeiros da Estratégia de Saúde da Família do município de Mossoró-RN. Dados coletados utilizando-se questionário semiestruturado. As ações de promoção à saúde são atividades educativas desenvolvidas após detecção de casos. O medo de represálias do agente agressor, a sobrecarga de trabalho, a falta de apoio dos gestores e a dificuldade para a materialização da interdisciplinaridade, intersetorialidade e integralidade da atenção foram mencionadas como barreiras ao enfrentamento do problema
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This study examined in municipalities of Northeast of Brazil with more than one hundred thousand people who incorporation of Oral Health Teams (OHT) into the Family Health Strategy (FHE) the possible impact on oral health indicators. Sought to answer whether implementation OHT brought the best indicators of health problems and coverage, compared to areas without coverage by the FHE through a community trial in parallel, quasi-randomized. In each of the municipalities surveyed were 20 census tracts, 10 were located in areas covered by oral health teams in the ESF and 10 industries in areas not covered. The final sample consisted of 59.221 individuals. We compared oral health indicators related to health problems, access to services and coverage of oral health actions. The analysis strategy was based on the calculation of prevalence ratios and confidence intervals, adjusted for confounding factors through Poisson regression with robust variance. It also has measured the association between an indicator of social inequality for comparison between areas. The best results are associated with indicators of access and coverage of oral health actions at the expense of the indicators of health problems, suggesting a possible maintenance of a traditional model of practice yet. The results also suggest a possible effect of a specific policy in the area of primary care on inequality in access. From the discussions presented throughout this work, we can see that the impact analysis of public policy, obtained by comparing areas with and without the intervention, not only captures the effect on the target population, but other dimensions of organization service and therefore should be understood as one of the analytical possibilities related to the management
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A úlcera venosa constitui importante problema de saúde pública, gera repercussão social, econômica e mudanças nos hábitos de vida, dor, sofrimento, acarretando diminuição da qualidade de vida. O estudo objetivou avaliar a assistência prestada às pessoas com úlceras venosas atendidas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família. É um estudo analítico, transversal e quantitativo, realizado com 59 pessoas com úlceras venosas, atendidas em 36 unidades da Estratégia Saúde da Família. O estudo obteve aprovação do projeto de pesquisa pelo Comitê de Ética da Universidade Federal de Alagoas. Para a coleta dos dados utilizou-se instrumento testado, entrevista, exame físico e informações dos prontuários. Os dados foram organizados em planilha do Microsoft Excel 2007, exportados e analisados em software estatístico por meio de estatística descritiva e inferencial, considerando nível de significância estatística de ρ-valor < 0,05. As pessoas com úlcera venosa eram do sexo feminino (71,2%), ≥ 60 anos (67,8%) e estavam em tratamento > 1 ano (69,5%). Possuíam tempo de lesão > 6 meses (64,4%), dor na úlcera/membro (86,4%) e leito com ≤ 30% de granulação/epitelização (78,0%). A qualidade da assistência foi ruim (< 5 aspectos positivos) em 57,6% (ρ=0,000) e os aspectos que mais interferiram foram as seguintes inadequações: profissional que acompanha/realiza curativo (ρ=0,002, coeficiente de contingência (CC) =0,458, razão de chance (RC) =13,9), produtos nos últimos 30 dias (ρ=0,038, cc=0,334, RC=7,3) e acesso a consulta com angiologista (ρ=0,041, cc=0,305, RC=4,1). Os aspectos clínicos que contribuíram para o aumento do tempo de assistência foram: tempo de lesão >6 meses (ρ<0,001), dor (ρ=0,043), recidiva (ρ<0,001); nos aspectos assistenciais: inadequação dos produtos com 83,1% (ρ=0,036). Essas características dificultaram a cicatrização tecidual, prolongando o tempo de tratamento das lesões,que podem ter contribuído para a cronicidade das úlceras
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Objective: To evaluate the implementation of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in Brazilian cities of the Northeast, expanding coverage, analyzing the progress, challenges and innovations. Methods: Multicentric Evaluation Research, Studies Baselines in urban centers, using as a case study method. Selected cases of Aracaju, being capital, advanced coverage with extended team, and Fortaleza, capital coverage incipient and minimal staff. In Fortaleza, purposive sample of 11 Units Primary (APS), 03 managers, 53 professionals and 109 users. In Aracaju, 09 units of APS, 02 managers, 36 professionals, and 90 users. Structured interviews for managers, and structured to professionals and users. Descriptive analysis focusing on the political and institutional dimensions, organization and comprehensive care. Results: There was consensus that the ESF is the preferred port users and acts as inducing changes in care. In the case of Fortaleza, the specificities were: care protocols and community activities aimed at chronic conditions (100%) , with greater participation of doctors and nurses (93%) ; conjunction with more complex services, but the teams reported difficulties with the examination center and experts, the long waits and poor access to local services were the main difficulties reported by users., As innovative practice, the therapeutic group of elderly caregivers mentioned by respondents; There was intersectoral initiatives and teams 87 % of users have participated in meetings about health problems. In the case of Aracaju, care protocols were directed to the lines of care and formulated locally, 85 % coverage of the population with FHS counterpart local financing; employees hired by public tender; 70 % of teams with expertise in public health center for continuing education acting; democratization in management; access technologies, welcoming and computerization in different integrated networks, and evaluation matrix. Conclusions: The ESF has promoted access to health care and inclusion of disadvantaged populations. Different perceptions and practices in the organization of care, with distinct trajectories of reorganization. In the case of Fortaleza, predominance of model programs valuing older, with evidence of advances in care practices and teamwork, but restricted to primary care practices and incipient in public policy perspective. In Aracaju, had network integration with technologies related to the family, in which the ESF is consolidated as public policy. It can be argued that the XII APS expanding coverage, exhibited efficacy, despite the challenges inherent to the different degrees of implementation
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This qualitative research aimed to understand the educational activities carried out in Family Health Units, of the municipality of Mossoró-RN. It was used symbolic cartography to organize and present data from reality. It started on the approach of Health Education and knowledge transformation practice, aiming at the development of autonomy and responsibility of individuals and healthcare, publicized by the appreciation of the interpersonal relations area established in services, such as educational emancipator practices contexts. Individual and collective interviews were realized, conducted with health professionals and users of ESF, about themes, activities, membership, the difficulties, the potential and the design of health education that permeate everyday Family Health Strategy. From what was apprehended, thematic maps were done with the analysis of educational practices of professionals belonging to the Family‟s Health. Links are built with the wires of conceptions of education reflected on themes and activities of family health teams. The storylines are rebinded by voices about the difficulties and the potential of educational processes for emancipator postures. For users, health education means proper care and information on disease prevention. Professionals understand that it is all information that is given to users, about health, social well-being, economic and general condition of human being as a way of preventing and treating disease. Mark printed on voices denote that activities and themes worked don‟t motivate users enough for their participation, being that physicians and dentists also get excluded themselves from educational practices. Elderly groups are those who get most involved with the activities. The size of the contained area and its seclusion from community make harder the access of users, as well as diminishing the quality of educational actions and links users-professionals. Therefore, the searching for medicines, medical consultations and wish to be well served are trademarks of voices from the users that interconnect with enlightening information and guidelines offered by professionals to users. It brings out practices that need to incorporate the social, the subjective and act with practices of prevention and health promotion, on the basis of lifestyles. The dialogical model, which needs to be approached since planning phase of health education actions could arouse interest of involved groups; promoting a relationship of dialogue and listening; discussing the local reality; stimulating practical methodological dialetics; promoting processes of deconstruction of concepts, values and attitudes, as more necessary than construction, using multiple languages. The defended thesis denotes paths to other studies aimed at understanding a dialogical template committed to exchanges of knowledge, and discover strategies that encourage formation of critical consciousness and the discovery of how is the training of new generations of healthcare professionals to belong to the project of society, in its technical, scientific, pedagogical, ethical, political and humanistic dimensions
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This research, whose theme is related to climacteric, aims to know the social representation of menopause developed by the nurses working for Estratégia Saúde da Família (Family Health Strategy) in João Pessoa PB, as well as identifying its structure and verifying the way it interferes with the assistance and educational practices to the climacterial user. In the theoretical level, it is based on a model that articulates the social representations theory, the central nucleus complementary theory and the central concepts of Pierre Bourdieu s praxiology: habitus, cultural capital, social field and symbolic power. A hundred and forty-seven female nurses who work for Estratégia Saúde da Família (Family Health Strategy) in João Pessoa (PB) took part in this research, and the data collection period was from February 2008 to March 2009. As to the methods and techniques, we used the method to determine the central nucleus based on the free association of words, a questionnaire to identify certain regularities that constitute the nurses habitus, and the semi-structured interview to explore opinions and attitudes when facing assistance situations and educational practices and to collect other relevant information. The data analysis was developed, when referring to the free associations, with the help of the EVOC software, which is a group of articulated programs which carry out the statistical analysis of the evocations and the identification of the possible elements of both the central nucleus and the peripheral system of the social representation. As to the questionnaire, we used the descriptive statistical analysis and the analysis of correlation between the variables. The interviews were submitted to a categorical analysis of the content. The EVOC result indicated that the cognition hormone was the only element of the central nucleus of the social representation of menopause. Due to its symbolic value and structuring power, this central nucleus ensures the strict and, at the same time, flexible character of the representational content. The analysis of the social advancement, of some fundamental features of the group habitus, as well as the analysis of its insertion in the health field and of the attitudinal opinions and dispositions concerning the assistance given to the climacterial user, and the analysis of the pedagogical dimension of this assistance, all these analyses lead to the conclusion that the nurses who took part in this research share a social representation of the menopause resulting from the association of different technical and scientific knowledge. These derive from the biomedical pattern as well as from hegemonic values which disqualify old age and overvalue youth, from pedagogical conceptions arising from patterns that are presently regarded as authoritative and old-fashioned and from cultural references (responsible for the semantic variations concerning the central nucleus) which are specific to the subgroups the nurses belong to. This research enables the creation of opportunities for discussion between active nurses working for Estratégia Saúde da Família, and the nurses who are teachers at institutions of higher education, aiming at linking theory to practice, so that they can find ways of thinking about the climacteric and working, in a more comprehensive way, with users who are experiencing this stage of life
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Descriptive and quantitative study, with the objective of review the positive and negative aspects experienced by professionals working in the Family Health Strategy (ESF) of Ceará-Mirim town, at Rio Grande do Norte state. The population included 190 healthcare professionals that integrate the family healthcare staff and the data-collection occurred in a meeting at their workplace, with the implementation of a questionnaire. Results were organized in Microsoft Excel spreadsheet software, with descriptive statistical analysis in tables, graphs and tables through frequencies, averages values and standard deviations. There is a predominance of females (n = 137) and higher rates in almost all professions, and higher average age (38.9%, SD = 7.8) and income wage (average = 10) in the medical category. Regarding the more developed activities, for physicians and nurses are the healthcare actions in the Unit, the oral hygiene for dentists, the immunization for auxiliary nurses (Aux-N), educational meeting for the dental office assistants (ACD), and home visitations to community-based health workers (ACS). About the easiness of work, 93.2% said to be presence of professionals with a personal profile in public healthcare; about the difficulties, 86.8% of professionals cited the unavailability of material, followed by salary range reported by nurses (80.9% ), dentists (80.0%), physicians (73.3%), ACS (83.1%), and Aux-N (90.5%). In relation to working conditions, the unavailability of materials was the most mentioned, with the exception of dentists who reported improvement in wages. We still identify among these difficulties: the drugs availability regarded as first grade obstacle by ACS and physicians, the type of contracts in second grade cited by the ACD and dentists and, in third grade, the salary range cited by dentists and auxiliary nurses. It is concluded that the difficulties and easiness faced by ESF professionals are divergent among themselves. For physicians and nurses, whose healthcare actions become directed to specific groups, the individual and the family, their difficulties relate to the unavailability of materials. For dentists, whose actions more quoted were topical application of fluoride and supervised toothbrush, their greatest difficulty is the salary range. As to the Aux-N, ACD and ACS, for all of them the unavailability of materials has hindered the implementation of their activities in ESF
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The purpose of this study is to analyze, from the point of view of nurses, changes that took place in the process of providing health services after the introduction of the Family Health Program (FHP). It is na investigation of qualitative nature that uses semi-structured interviews as a main empirical approach tool. Six nurses from the city of Caicó, Rio Grande do Norte, who were working with basic care before the introduction of the FHP, within basic care, were: adscription and ties with the community; hospitality and the humanizacion of care-giving; decrease in cases of inpatient treatment; strengthening of the prevention of injuries and health promotion; improvemente of health indicatiors, finally, actions that point towads meeting the principles of wholeness, equity and universality as a declaration of the Brazilian National Health Care System (SUS). Nevertheless, in spite of all recognizable positive aspects, the FHP has some weaknesses, such as: the difficulty posed by colletive work; the mismatch between professional education and the demands of the current health standard; a poor physical infrastructure of the Basic Health Units; a high heath staff turnover and precarious work conditions. In addition to this, some strategies that can be used to help improve the process of providing health services have been pointed out, such as, coordination between sectors, continuous education, making work conditions less precarious and improving the means whereby heathy service management is conveyed,Tthus, finally, we understand that the FHP does bring forward meaningful changes to the process of provinding health services to strengthen the Brasilian National Health Care System (SUS), in spite of the fact that it lies within a scenario of adversities that can be overcome through the collective endeavor of the several social actors
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The family violence against children became visible, in the context of public health, due to the damage and injuries generated in the lives of children and to the growing need of investment in physical and human resources to fill this demand. In this context, it is believed that intervention could prevent such events and are configured as primary strategies to prevent the corollaries generated by the violence. In this perspective, this study aims to analyze the performance of nurses dealing with the Strategy of Family Health viewing to identify actions based on the paradigm of health distribution. This is a descriptive, exploratory and qualitative research. The data were analyzed based on the content analysis about the method proposed by Bardin. The study was conducted in Mossoró-RN and the participants were 14 nurses working for the Family Health Strategy in Health Units of this town. The instrument for data collection was a semi-structured questionnaire, with questions answered by the participants themselves. It was evident to the study that the nurses believe that health education are the main tool for dealing with domestic violence against children, being developed, however, in its positivist and vertical way. The actions used to develop health performed by the team on their daily lives are limited to educational activities and are carried exactly when cases of family violence against children are notified. Barriers to the practice emerged from fear of reprisals from the agressor, overwork, lack of management support and difficulty for the realization of interdisciplinary, intersectorality and comprehensive care.