Unfair Advantage: An Intriguing Example of Legal Transformation in the Swiss Private Law

This paper demonstrates a mixed approach to the theme of the instrumentality of law by both analysing the goal of a legal transformation and the techniques adapted to achieve it. The correct recognition of a certain practical necessity has lead the Swiss Federal Tribunal to an intriguing judgement “Fussballclub Lohn-Fall” of 1997. The legal remedies provided for cases of unfair advantage have been then creatively modified praeter legem. The adaptation was strongly influenced by foreign legal patterns. The Swiss Code of Obligations of 1911 provides a norm in art. 21 on unfair advantage (unconscionable contract), prescribing that if one party takes unjustified advantage over the weaknesses of another in order to receive an excessive benefit, such a contract is avoidable. Its wording has been shaped over a hundred years ago and still remains intact. However, over the course of the 20th century the necessity for a more efficient protection has arisen. The legal doctrine and jurisprudence were constantly pointing out the incompleteness of the remedies provided by art. 21 of the Code of Obligations. In the “Fussballclub Lohn-Fall” (BGE 123 III 292) the Swiss Federal Tribunal finally introduced the possibility to modify the contract. Its decision has been described as “a sign of the zeitgeist, spirit of the time”. It was the Swiss legal doctrine that has imposed the new measure under the influence of the German “quantitative Teilnichtigkeit” (quantitative partial nullity). The historical heritage of the Roman laesio enormis has also played its role.

L'utilisation de l'argile dans l'architecture domestique et publique en Grèce antique : une étude d'un inventaire de sites archéologiques

Ce mémoire est une exploration du thème de l'utilisation de l'argile en architecture domestique et publique en Grèce Antique. À travers un inventaire de sites archéologiques, nous examinerons les différents vestiges présents qui démontrent l'utilisation de l'argile dans l'architecture, par exemple dans la production de briques d'argiles crues et dans les élévations en terre compactée. Ces vestiges sont très peu représentés archéologiquement et nous explorerons les raisons et questionnements amenés par cette faible présence.

Some considerations of hazards in the use of lasers for artistic displays /

Mode of access: Internet.

Die Kunstdenkmäler des Kreises Geldern /

Includes index.

Modern chromatics, with applications to art and industry.

Series title also at head of t.-p.

Beschreibung der Gemälde des Polygnotos von Thasos in der Lesche zu Delphi /

Mode of access: Internet.

Art and artists of Indiana,

"Who's who in art; Indiana painters, sculptors, and illustrators": p. 349-405.

Das Teuflische und Groteske in der Kunst.

Mode of access: Internet.

Das Teuflische und Groteske in der Kunst, mit 103 Abbildungen.

Mode of access: Internet.

Het sociaal conflict in de beeldende kunst /

Includes bibliographical references (p. [231]-235)

Schreiben eines Freundes der Kunst an Herrn Gallerie-Director Krahe in Düsseldorf, die Beleuchtung eines Gemäldes vorzüglich betreffend.

An essay on the use of lightning in two landscape paintings by Nicolaas Pietersz Berchem and Aelbert Cuyp.

Die entwickelung des putto in der plastik der frührenaissance.

Lebenslauf.

Kunst im Dienste der Kirche : ein Handbuch für Freunde der Kirchlichen Kunst /

Includes bibliographical references and index.

A practical treatise on painting : in three parts : consisting of hints on composition, chiaroscuro, and colouring : the whole illustrated by examples from the Italian, Venetian, Flemish, and Dutch schools /

Pagination, part 1: 31 pages, 9 leaves of plates; part 2: vi, 45 pages, 8 leaves of plates; part 3: ix, 64 pages, 8 leaves of plates.

Estudio descriptivo de los monumentos árabes de Granada, Sevilla y Córdoba, ó sea, la Alhambra, el Alcázar y la Gran mezquita de occidente,

First edition published under title: Del arte árabe en España.