Hierarchy of structures in the family of amine templated open-framework gallium arsenates

Five new gallium arsenate compounds C2N2H10]Ga(H2AsO4)(HAsO4)(2)]center dot H2O, I; C2N2H10]Ga(OH)(AsO4)](2), II; C2N2H10]GaF(AsO4)](2), III; C3N2H12]Ga(OH)(AsO4)](2), IV; Ga2F3(AsO4)(HAsO4)]center dot 2H(3)O, V, have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and the structures determined employing single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. All the structures consist of octahedral gallium and tetrahedral arsenate units connected together forming a hierarchy of structures. Thus, one- (I), two- (II and IV) and three-dimensionally (III and V) extended structures have been observed. The Ga-O(H)/F-Ga connectivity in some of the structures suggests the coordination requirements posed by the octahedral gallium in these compounds. The observation of only one type of secondary building unit in the structures of III (SBU-4) and V (spiro-5) is unique and noteworthy. All the compounds have been characterized by a variety of techniques that include powder XRD, IR, and TGA. (C) 2010 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.

Choosing the Arranged One, Arranging the Chosen One – Imagining an Indian Modernity: Reconciling Love, Marriage and Family On and Off the Screen

This is a study on the changing practices of kinship in Northern India. The change in kinship arrangements, and particularly in intermarriage processes, is traced by analysing the reception of Hindi popular cinema. Films and their role and meaning in people´s lives in India was the object of my research. Films also provided me with a methodology for approaching my other subject-matters: family, marriage and love. Through my discussion of cultural change, the persistence of family as a core value and locus of identity, and the movie discourses depicting this dialogue, I have looked for a possibility of compromise and reconciliation in an Indian context. As the primary form of Indian public culture, cinema has the ability to take part in discourses about Indian identity and cultural change, and alleviate the conflicts that emerge within these discourses. Hindi popular films do this, I argue, by incorporating different familiar cultural narratives in a resourceful way, thus creating something new out of the old elements. The final word, however, is the one of the spectator. The “new” must come from within the culture. The Indian modernity must be imaginable and distinctively Indian. The social imagination is not a “Wild West” where new ideas enter the void and start living a life of their own. The way the young women in Dehra Dun interpreted family dramas and romantic movies highlights the importance of family and continuity in kinship arrangements. The institution of arranged marriage has changed its appearance and gained new alternative modes such as love cum arranged marriage. It nevertheless remains arranged by the parents. In my thesis I have offered a social description of a cultural reality in which movies act as a built-in part. Movies do not work as a distinct realm, but instead intertwine with the social realities of people as a part of a continuum. The social imagination is rooted in the everyday realities of people, as are the movies, in an ontological and categorical sense. According to my research, the links between imagination and social life were not so much what Arjun Appadurai would call global and deterritorialised, but instead local and conventional.

Work/Family Reconciliation: Corporate Management, Family Policies, and Gender Equality in the Finnish Context

Work/family reconciliation is a crucial question for both personal well-being and on societal level for productivity and re-production throughout the Western world. This thesis examines work/family reconciliation on societal and organisational level in the Finnish context. The study is based on an initial framework, developing it further and analysing the results with help of it. The methodology of the study is plural, including varying epistemological emphasis and both quantitative and qualitative methods. Policy analysis from two different sectors is followed by a survey answered by 113 HR-managers, and then, based on quantitative analyses, interviews in four chosen case companies. The central findings of the thesis are that there indeed are written corporate level policies for reconciling work and family in companies operating in Finland, in spite of the strong state level involvement in creating a policy context in work/family reconciliation. Also, the existing policies vary in accessibility and use. The most frequently used work/family policies still are the statutory state level policies for family leave, taking place when a baby is born and during his or her first years. Still, there are new policies arising, such as a nurse for an employee’s child who has fallen ill, that are based on company activity only, which shows in both accessibility and use of the policy. Reasons for developing corporate level work/family policies vary among the so-called pro-active and re-active companies. In general, family law has a substantial effect for developing corporate level policies. Also headquarter gender equality strategies as well as employee demands are important. In regression analyses, it was found that corporate image and importance in recruitment are the foremost reasons for companies to develop policies, not for example the amount of female employees in the company. The reasons for policy development can be summarized into normative pressures, coercive pressures and mimetic pressures, in line with findings from institutional theory. This research, however, includes awareness of different stakeholder interests and recognizes that institutional theory needs to be complemented with notions of gender and family, which seem to play a part in perceived work/family conflict and need for further work/family policies both in managers’ personal lives and on the organisational level. A very central finding, demanding more attention, is the by HR managers perceived change in values towards work and commitment towards organisation at the youngest working generation, Generation Y. This combined with the need for key personnel has brought new challenges to companies especially in knowledge business and will presumably lead to further development of flexible practices in organisations. The accessibility to this flexibility seems to, however, be even more dependent on the specific knowledge and skills of the employee. How this generation will change the organisations remains to be seen in further research.

Structure and superconducting properties of a new family of thallium cuprates, TlSr3−xLnxCu2O7

Cuprates of the formula TlSr3−xLnxCu2O7 (Ln=Pr, NdorY) derived from the hypothetical TlSr3Cu2O7 show superconductivity with Tcs up to 95 K when 0.5less, approximatex≤0.75, the x=1.0 compositions being insulators. Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction profiles has been carried out for two superconducting members of this family. The unit cell a-parameter, and hence the in-plane Cu-O distance, increases with increase in x. The Tc value decreases with increase in x or the in-plane Cu-O distance in all the series of cuprates. Superconductivity in the Tl1−yPbySr3−xNdxCu2O7 systems is found with the highest Tc of 95 K when y=0.2 and x=0.5. The in-plane Cu-O distances in all the cuprates studied fall in the range found in the Sr-class of cuprate superconductors.

Boson Inverse Operators and a New Family of Two-photon Annihilation Operators

We introduce the inverse of the Hermitian operator (acircacirc†) and express the Boson inverse operators acirc-1 and acirc†-1 in terms of the operators acirc, acirc† and (acircacirc†)-1. We show that these Boson inverse operators may be realized by Susskind-Glogower phase operators. In this way, we find a new two-photon annihilation operator and denote it as acirc2(acircacirc†)-1. We show that the eigenstates of this operator have interesting non-classical properties. We find that the eigenstates of the operators (acircacirc†)-1 acirc2, acirc(acircacirc†)-1 acirc and acirc2(acircacirc†)-1 have many similar properties and thus they constitute a family of two-photon annihilation operators.

Magnetic properties of rare earth nickelates of the Ln(2)BaNiO(5) family

Rare-earth nickelates Ln(2)BaNi(1-x)Cu(2)O(5), Ln = Nd and Dy, and Dy2-xYxBaNiO5 have been synthesized in order to investigate the effect of substitution of Ni by Cu and Dy by nonmagnetic Y on the magnetic properties of the nickelates. In Ln(2)BaNi(1-x)Cu(x)O(5), the nickelate structure (x=0.0) changes to the cuprate structure (x=1.0) at a specific composition (x=0.3). The Neel temperature of Nd2BaNi1-xCuxO5 decreases continuously with increase in x upto x=0.3 (T-N = 18K); when x > 0.3, the materials are paramagnetic down to 20K. The mu(eff) in Nd2BaNi1-xCxO5 essentially corresponds to the contribution of the Nd ions. In Dy2-xYxBaNiO5, the Neel temperature decreases from 40K when x=0.0 to 24K when x=1.5. The compositions with 1.5 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 2 (including the x=1.95 composition) are paramagnetic down to 20K, unlike Y2BaNiO5 (x=2.0) which exhibits a T-N of 370K. Even the smallest concentration of paramagnetic Dy seems to destroy the antiferromagnetic Ni-O-Ni chains in Y2BaNiO5.

Combustion synthesis and properties of the NASICON family of materials

The fine-particle NASICON family of materials, MZr2P3O12(where M = Na, K, ½Ca and ¼Zr) and NbZrP3O12, have been prepared by the combustion of aqueous heterogeneous mixtures of stoichiometric amounts of metal nitrate, zirconyl nitrate, niobium phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium perchlorate and carbohydrazide (CH) at 400 °C. The formation of NASICON materials was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), IR, solid-state (31P) NMR spectroscopy and thermal expansion coefficient measurements. The combustion-synthesized NASICON powders have an average agglomerate size of 9�13 µm with a specific surface area varying from 8 to 28 m2 g�1. The powders pelletized and sintered in the range 1100�1200 °C for 5 h achieved 95�97% theoretical density and showed fine-grain microstructure. The coefficient of thermal expansion of a sintered compact was measured up to 500 °C and ranged from �1.5 × 10�6°C�1 to 1.0 × 10�6°C�1 depending on the composition.

A Combinatorial Family of Near Regular LDPC Codes

An elementary combinatorial Tanner graph construction for a family of near-regular low density parity check (LDPC) codes achieving high girth is presented. These codes are near regular in the sense that the degree of a left/right vertex is allowed to differ by at most one from the average. The construction yields in quadratic time complexity an asymptotic code family with provable lower bounds on the rate and the girth for a given choice of block length and average degree. The construction gives flexibility in the choice of design parameters of the code like rate, girth and average degree. Performance simulations of iterative decoding algorithm for the AWGN channel on codes designed using the method demonstrate that these codes perform better than regular PEG codes and MacKay codes of similar length for all values of Signal to noise ratio.

A New Family of Soft Transition Converters: Design Example and Dynamic Model

The soft switching converters evolved through the resonant load, resonant switch, resonant transition and active clamp converters to eliminate switching losses in power converters. This paper briefly presents the operating principle of the new family of soft transition converters; the methodology of design of these converters is presented through an example. In the proposed family of converters, the switching transitions of both the main switch and auxiliary switch are lossless.When these converters are analysed in terms of the pole current and throw voltage, the defining equations of all converters belonging to this family become identical.Such a description allows one to define simple circuit oriented model for these converters. These circuit models help in evaluating the steady state and dynamic model of these converters. The standard dynamic performance functions of the converters are readily obtainable from this model. This paper presents these dynamic models and verifies the same through measurements on a prototype converter.

A new family of soft transition converters: Design and dynamic model

The soft switching converters evolved through the resonant load, resonant switch, resonant transition and active clamp converters to eliminate switching losses in power converters. This paper briefly presents the operating principle of the new family of soft transition converters; the methodology of design of these converters is presented through an example. In the proposed family of converters, the switching transitions of both the main switch and auxiliary switch are lossless. When these converters are analysed in terms of the pole current and throw voltage, the defining equations of all converters belonging to this family become identical.Such a description allows one to define simple circuit oriented model for these converters. These circuit models help in evaluating the steady state and dynamic model of these converters. The standard dynamic performance functions of the converters are readily obtainable from this model. This paper presents these dynamic models and verifies the same through measurements on a prototype converter.

A family of Runge-Kutta based explicit methods for rotational dynamics

The present paper develops a family of explicit algorithms for rotational dynamics and presents their comparison with several existing methods. For rotational motion the configuration space is a non-linear manifold, not a Euclidean vector space. As a consequence the rotation vector and its time derivatives correspond to different tangent spaces of rotation manifold at different time instants. This renders the usual integration algorithms for Euclidean space inapplicable for rotation. In the present algorithms this problem is circumvented by relating the equation of motion to a particular tangent space. It has been accomplished with the help of already existing relation between rotation increments which belongs to two different tangent spaces. The suggested method could in principle make any integration algorithm on Euclidean space, applicable to rotation. However, the present paper is restricted only within explicit Runge-Kutta enabled to handle rotation. The algorithms developed here are explicit and hence computationally cheaper than implicit methods. Moreover, they appear to have much higher local accuracy and hence accurate in predicting any constants of motion for reasonably longer time. The numerical results for solutions as well as constants of motion, indicate superior performance by most of our algorithms, when compared to some of the currently known algorithms, namely ALGO-C1, STW, LIEMID[EA], MCG, SUBCYC-M.