Aplicações do modelo presa-predador ao estudo da influência da dinâmica populacional de espécies de sardinha, cavala e atum e sobre o processo de eutrofização marinha

A discussion concerning marine eutrophication, possible generated from an imbalance of fish population is presented. Simulations through a code in FORCE 2.0 considering a predator-prey model have been made and the numerical results for a three different fish species were plot in ORIGIN code. The populations considered in this study were: Sardines being prey and both mackerel and tuna being the sardine’s predators. Some hipotheses concerning to the marine eutrophication have being made according to the stages of the dynamics of the system. For situations were the prey’s populationis very low, the quality of the water experiences a strong depreciation leading to a possible eutrophication of the water.

Estudo da tecnologia de acesso Wi-Fie suas aplicações em ambientes indoor e outdoor

Wireless communications is a feature that has become indispensable for many people in the whole world. Through this feature, communication process can become much more efficient, allowing people to access information much more quickly wherever they are. The constant evolution of communication technologies allows the development of new unthinkable applications and services. This new range of possibilities brings greater mobility and efficiency for final users and also helps service providers and carriers to improve the quality of services offered by them. This study presents the principles of wireless communication and the Wi-Fi technology as well as its most modern applications, covering from the basics of computer networks to the procedures of planning a wireless network, concepts of radio frequency, antennas, patterns, regulatory agencies, network equipment, protocols and network monitoring

Avaliação do comportamento mecânico sob deformação da liga Ti- 30Ta visando aplicações biomédicas

Titanium and its alloys have been used for biomedical applications due their excellent properties such as high corrosion resistance, biocompatibility and mechanical properites. In this study, microstructural and mechanical properties of Ti-30Ta alloy was evaluated during its processing. Ti-30Ta alloy ingots were produced from sheets of commercially pure titanium (99.9%) and tantalum (99.9%). Its melting was realized in arc melting furnace in an argon atmosphere. After homogenizing at 1200ºC, ingots were cold worked by swaging. Samples with 13 mm in diameter were obtained. They were forging at the reduction ratios of 15%. After deformation, microstructure was evaluated by optical microscopy in each condition. Also, Vickers microhardness of samples was measured and phase constitution was evaluated using XRD analysis

Espectroscopia de infravermelho e suas aplicações

Infrared spectroscopy (IR spectroscopy) explores the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Like any other spectroscopic technique, it can be used to identify a compound or the composition of investigate a sample. Spectroscopy (IR) is a very important technique in qualitative chemical analysis, widely used in the chemistry of natural products, organic synthesis and transformations. In this work we study of the theoretical foundations of infrared spectroscopy, the different vibration modes, experimental techniques, and the identification and characterization of solids. Were studied as applications: their use in thermograph and remote sensing satellites

Análise da confiabilidade de equipamentos em uma indústria química com aplicações de ferramentas da melhoria contínua

The constant search for improvements and the survival of organizations makes the strategic guidelines are deployed and executed at the operational levels. This work is the approach to critical analysis of the equipment of a chemical industry through a case study based on the classification of each equipment manufactures through qualitative and quantitative analysis on the pillars of maintenance costs, loss of production, MTBF, contribution margin, Health Safety and Environment (SHE). From this study and future data collection, along with the flow diagram show the main equipment that should be special attention. To this can be prepared an action plan with deadlines and responsible. With the results one can measure the maintenance costs, loss of production and technical availability of the plant, with future gains

Principais aplicações terapêuticas da ozonioterapia

The ozone therapy is the therapeutic administration of ozone, which can be: subcutaneous (SC), intramuscular (IM) Intradiscal; intracavitary (pleural and peritoneal spaces); intravaginal, intrauretral, in the bladder; ozonated autohemotherapy. This therapy is being increasingly studied in order to help in some treatments and is being proven to be very effective in most cases, especially in acting on disinfection and healing of extensive wounds. There are over 6000 articles on the medical use of ozone in the literature, but the concentration used varies with each author. Most diseases have a positive response because ozone increases tissue oxygenation and metabolism. Discovered in Germany in the nineteenth century, ozone therapy still needs further study to clarify its mode of action and demonstrate its benefits. The objective of this review is to discuss some of the studies in the literature and try to clarify the main directions and forms of action of ozone therapy in medicine, showing the possibilities of getting good results including in veterinary medicine

Reconhecimento de voz para aplicações em automação implementado em FPGA

In many movies of scientific fiction, machines were capable of speaking with humans. However mankind is still far away of getting those types of machines, like the famous character C3PO of Star Wars. During the last six decades the automatic speech recognition systems have been the target of many studies. Throughout these years many technics were developed to be used in applications of both software and hardware. There are many types of automatic speech recognition system, among which the one used in this work were the isolated word and independent of the speaker system, using Hidden Markov Models as the recognition system. The goals of this work is to project and synthesize the first two steps of the speech recognition system, the steps are: the speech signal acquisition and the pre-processing of the signal. Both steps were developed in a reprogrammable component named FPGA, using the VHDL hardware description language, owing to the high performance of this component and the flexibility of the language. In this work it is presented all the theory of digital signal processing, as Fast Fourier Transforms and digital filters and also all the theory of speech recognition using Hidden Markov Models and LPC processor. It is also presented all the results obtained for each one of the blocks synthesized e verified in hardware

Avaliação de Desempenho de Aplicações Paralelas Utilizando MPI e PETSc

This work presents a study about the use of standards and directions on parallel programming in distributed systems, using the MPI standard and PETSc toolkit, performing an analysis of their performances over certain mathematic operations involving matrices. The concepts are used to develop applications to solve problems involving Principal Components Analysis (PCA), which are executed in a Beowulf cluster. The results are compared to the ones of an analogous application with sequencial execution, and then it is analized if there was any performance boost on the parallel application

Fibras naturais: características químicas e potenciais aplicações

This study has as objective determining the chemical properties that serve as the basis for potential scientific and technological applications of seven species of fibrous plants cultivated in Brazil, which are: Banana” (Musa spp.), “Coco” (Cocos nucifera), Curauá (Ananas erectifolius), Fique (Furcraea andina), Piteira” (Furcraea gigantea), Sisal(Agave sisalana) and “Taboa” (Typha domingensis). The tests for determining the percent dry completely, extractives soluble in cold water, in hot water, in sodium hydroxide 1% and in ethanol-toluene, and the percentages of ash, hydrophobicity, lignin, holocellulose and cellulose were performed at the Department of Environmental Sciences, Agronomy College (FCA) of UNESP – Botucatu, São Paulo State. It also presents a literature review about these fibers and their potential applications. Differences between the results obtained and those found by other authors are possibly explained by variations on the origin of plant material, the harvest season, the climate and soil where they were grown. However, the results and the methodology used, serve as a basis for further studies with natural fibers

Algoritmos de Thinning e suas aplicações

This monograph aims to study the problem of thinning, also known by Image Skeletonization, to explore their applications in areas such as, Biometrics, Medicine, Engineering and Cartography. The algorithms of thinning can be classi ed into two major groups: iterative algorithms and non-iterative algorithms. Iterative are sub-divided into sequential algorithms and parallel algorithms. In order to develop a computer system able to extract the skeleton of an image, were studied, analyzed and implemented di erent algorithms for this problem, precisely those of Stentiford, Zhang Suen, and Holt

Proteção de sistemas eletricos industriais: relés e suas aplicações em subestações

Electrical installations in industries involving high currents and voltages considered. On the other side is the common appearance of electrical failures, caused by human error, defects in electrical equipment or electrical installation aging itself. These failures are varied, those with the highest rate of occurrence and cause much damage to electrical installations, are overcurrent and overvoltage. Therefore there is a need to project a system that can detect and minimize possible effects caused by faults in electrical installations industries. Protection systems in electric industries emerge as an alternative to control especially voltage and current magnitudes. Engineered based on the functions of the relays, protection systems are an indispensable tool for any industrial substation. But the project of such systems becomes increasingly more complex, due to technological development. Electrical equipment not develop at the same speed that the protective devices (relays), making it indispensable knowledge of integration of technologies

Teoria do desenho de mecanismos: aplicações na teoria dos conflitos internacionais

O presente trabalho busca apresentar os conceitos principais referentes à Teoria do Desenho de Mecanismos e sua aplicação à Teoria dos Conflitos Internacionais, e como sua utilização pode solucionar alguns problemas referentes à metodologia mais utilizada na análise dos conflitos, baseada na Teoria dos Jogos tradicional. Através de uma análise game-free, estabelecem condições gerais para a resolução de conflitos entre países, sem a necessidade de estabelecer formas de jogo específicas. Desse modo, determinam-se resultados para qualquer equilíbrio de qualquer forma de jogo que envolva países em disputa. O trabalho segue apresentando a relação causal entre incerteza e incentivos para revelar de maneira desonesta informações privadas como causas fundamentais de guerra. Analisam-se separadamente as condições que levam à guerra em dois tipos de incerteza, constantemente discutidas na literatura de conflitos internacionais: incerteza em relação ao custo de guerra e em relação à força relativa. Os resultados são apresentados com a devida formulação matemática

Estudo da técnica de ressonância magnética para algumas aplicações voltadas à neurologia e à neurociência

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which is studied since 1938, is a technique used in medicine to produce high quality images from inside the human body. These images are produced non-invasively and without ionizing radiation. In addition, MRI is an extremely flexible technique, with which it is possible to produce images with different contrasts that provide different information about the anatomy, structure and function of the human body, and it is therefore one of the techniques preferred by radiologists. The phenomenon of MRI is based on the interaction of magnetic fields with the nuclear spins of the scanned sample. In this work a detailed study of the technique of magnetic resonance imaging is presented, with a description of the main features of the images produced by the technique and an analysis of its application to the fields of applications Neurology and Neuroscience

Produção e avaliação da estabilidade de enzimas fúngicas

As enzimas estão presentes em todas as células vivas, onde exercem a função de catalisadores das reações que compõem as vias catabólicas e anabólicas do metabolismo celular. Esses biocatalisadores são moléculas de proteínas e seu poder catalítico está associado à conformação nativa, que depende de condições específicas de pH, temperatura e força iônica do meio. Os micro-organismos são bastante atrativos para a indústria, pois possibilitam a produção de enzimas por processos fermentativos em larga escala com regularidade necessária e simplicidade na requisição nutricional. Assim, embora alguns biocatalisadores sejam extraídos de tecidos animais e vegetais, as enzimas industriais são, em sua maior parte, obtidas a partir de micro-organismos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a produção das enzimas lipase e β-glucanase a partir dos fungos Aspergillus niger e Trichoderma reesei, respectivamente, em diferentes meios de cultura, para determinar as condições de maior produção da enzima em questão. As enzimas produzidas em agitador orbital foram obtidas a partir da filtração do produto da fermentação, precipitação com sulfato de amônio e liofilização. Após a produção e precipitação a atividade das enzimas e a concentração de proteínas foram quantificadas, os parâmetros cinéticos foram determinados frente a diferentes pHs, temperaturas e força iônica do meio. A lipase apresentou melhor atividade a 30°C e em pH 6,0. A presença dos íons Mg2+ e Zn2+ levaram a um aumento na atividade da enzima. A β-glucanase apresentou maiores atividades quando submetidas a 37°C e pH 5,0. Os íons Mg2+, Cu2+ e Ca2+ induziram melhor a atividade enzimática.

Técnicas de análise multivariada com aplicações a dados de natureza biológica

A análise estatística multivariada, extensão da análise univariada, consiste num conjunto de técnicas estatísticas, aplicadas quando há diversas variáveis relacionadas simultaneamente, sendo todas elas, em princípio, consideradas importantes no fenômeno em estudo. É de grande aplicação a conjuntos de dados das mais diversas áreas do conhecimento, principalmente da área biológica. Seu desenvolvimento teve um grande impulso na primeira metade do século passado. Entretanto, devido a complexidade dos cálculos matemáticos, principalmente envolvendo operações com matrizes de altas ordens, as aplicações somente se popularizaram nos dias atuais, com o desenvolvimento dos computadores e aplicativos computacionais. Técnicas estudadas: distâncias multivariadas, componentes principais, análise fatorial, correlações canônicas, análise de correspondência, teste t² de Hotelling, análise de variância multivariada (Manova), teste de normalidade multivariada, igualdade de matrizes de variâncias e covariâncias para populações multinormais