919 resultados para Acoustic noise


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In a general way, in an electric power utility the current transformers (CT) are used to measurement and protection of transmission lines (TL) 1 The Power Line Carriers systems (PLC) are used for communication between electrical substations and transmission line protection. However, with the increasing use of optical fiber to communication (due mainly to its high data transmission rate and low signal-noise relation) this application loses potentiality. Therefore, other functions must be defined to equipments that are still in using, one of them is detecting faults (short-circuits) and transmission lines insulator strings damages 2. The purpose of this paper is to verify the possibility of using the path to the ground offered by the CTs instead of capacitive couplings / capacitive potential transformers to detect damaged insulators, since the current transformers are always present in all transmission lines (TL's) bays. To this a comparison between this new proposal and the PLC previous proposed system 2 is shown, evaluating the economical and technical points of view. ©2010 IEEE.

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Purpose: To analyze the components of the acoustic signal of swallowing using a specific software. Methods: Fourteen healthy subjects ranging in age from 20 to 50 years (mean age 31±10 years), were evaluated. Data collection consisted on the simultaneous capture of the swallowing audio with a microphone and of the swallowing videofluoroscopic image. The bursts of the swallowing acoustic signal were identified and their duration and the interval between them were later analyzed using a specific software, which allowed the simultaneous analyses between the acoustic wave and the videofluoroscopic image. Results: Three burst components were identified in most of the swallows evaluated. The first burst presented mean time of 87.3 milliseconds (ms) for water and 78.2 for the substance. The second burst presented mean time of 112.9 ms for water and 85.5 for the pasty substance. The mean interval between first and second burst was 82.1 ms for water and 95.3 ms for the pasty consistency, and between second and third burst was 339.8 ms for water and 322.0 ms for the pasty consistency. Conclusion: The software allowed the visualization of three bursts during the swallowing of healthy individuals, and showed that the swallowing signal in normal subjects is highly variable.

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Many species of tropical amphibians are restricted to very small ranges, and this microendemism coupled with ongoing habitat loss and susceptibility to emerging pathogens imperils the long-term persistence of these species. Incomplete taxonomic and distributional knowledge may obscure conservation assessment, particularly in putatively widespread species that are typically considered to be of Least Concern in Red List assessments, but that in fact may constitute complexes of partly microendemic species. Such is the case in the Steindachner's Robber Frog, Ischnocnema guentheri which, together with the recently recognized Ischnocnema henselii, is thought to occupy most of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. To test whether these taxa may constitute a species complex of range-restricted and thus potentially threatened species, we analyzed 160 samples of I. guentheri and/or I. henselii for two molecular markers, 16S rRNA (16S) and recombination activation gene 1 (RAG1). To verify the monophyly of the complex, closely related species were also included in the 16S analysis. Congruent evidence from the molecular data and from analyses of advertisement calls support the existence of six distinct species within the complex: I. guentheri and I. henselii as well as four candidate new species. The lineages are distributed as a mosaic in the Atlantic Forest and are sympatric at some localities without indication of admixture. Their phylogeographical pattern partially agrees with paleo-models for the Atlantic Forest, but also suggests the existence of micro-refugia in less stable areas. I. guentheri, previously considered to be widespread, was found only in its type locality, a reserve within the urban area of Rio de Janeiro city. Although none of the species studied appears highly threatened with extinction, we recommend their IUCN threat status to be re-evaluated carefully for the next comprehensive update of the Red List of Brazil's amphibians. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.

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Piezoelectric array transducers applications are becoming usual in the ultrasonic non-destructive testing area. However, the number of elements can increase the system complexity, due to the necessity of multichannel circuitry and to the large amount of data to be processed. Synthetic aperture techniques, where one or few transmission and reception channels are necessary, and the data are post-processed, can be used to reduce the system complexity. Another possibility is to use sparse arrays instead of a full-populated array. In sparse arrays, there is a smaller number of elements and the interelement spacing is larger than half wavelength. In this work, results of ultrasonic inspection of an aluminum plate with artificial defects using guided acoustic waves and sparse arrays are presented. Synthetic aperture techniques are used to obtain a set of images that are then processed with an image compounding technique, which was previously evaluated only with full-populated arrays, in order to increase the resolution and contrast of the images. The results with sparse arrays are equivalent to the ones obtained with full-populated arrays in terms of resolution. Although there is an 8 dB contrast reduction when using sparse arrays, defect detection is preserved and there is the advantage of a reduction in the number of transducer elements and data volume. © 2013 Brazilian Society for Automatics - SBA.

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Cochlear root neurons (CRNs) are the first brainstem neurons which initiate and participate in the full expression of the acoustic startle reflex. Although it has been suggested that a cholinergic pathway from the ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body (VNTB) conveys auditory prepulses to the CRNs, the neuronal origin of the VNTB-CRNs projection and the role it may play in the cochlear root nucleus remain uncertain. To determine the VNTB neuronal type which projects to CRNs, we performed tract-tracing experiments combined with mechanical lesions, and morphometric analyses. Our results indicate that a subpopulation of non-olivocochlear neurons projects directly and bilaterally to CRNs via the trapezoid body. We also performed a gene expression analysis of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors which indicates that CRNs contain a cholinergic receptor profile sufficient to mediate the modulation of CRN responses. Consequently, we investigated the effects of auditory prepulses on the neuronal activity of CRNs using extracellular recordings in vivo. Our results show that CRN responses are strongly inhibited by auditory prepulses. Unlike other neurons of the cochlear nucleus, the CRNs exhibited inhibition that depended on parameters of the auditory prepulse such as intensity and interstimulus interval, showing their strongest inhibition at short interstimulus intervals. In sum, our study supports the idea that CRNs are involved in the auditory prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex, and confirms the existence of multiple cholinergic pathways that modulate the primary acoustic startle circuit. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

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The literature investigated the effects of chronic baroque music auditory stimulation on the cardiovascular system. However, it lacks in the literature the acute effects of different styles of music on cardiac autonomic regulation. To evaluate the acute effects of baroque and heavy metal music on heart rate variability (HRV) in women. The study was performed in 21 healthy women between 18 and 30 years old. We excluded persons with previous experience with music instrument and those who had affinity with the song styles. All procedures were performed in the same sound-proof room. We analyzed HRV in the time (standard deviation of normal-to-normal respiratory rate (RR) intervals, root-mean square of differences between adjacent normal RR intervals in a time interval, and the percentage of adjacent RR intervals with a difference of duration greater than 50 ms) and frequency (low frequency [LF], high frequency [HF], and LF/HF ratio) domains. HRV was recorded at rest for 10 min. Subsequently they were exposed to baroque or heavy metal music for 5 min through an earphone. After the first music exposure they remained at rest for more 5 min and them they were exposed again to baroque or heavy metal music. The sequence of songs was randomized for each individual. The power analysis provided a minimal number of 18 subjects. Shapiro-Wilk to verify normality of data and analysis of variance for repeated measures followed by the Bonferroni test for parametric variables and Friedman's followed by the Dunn's post-test for non-parametric distributions. During the analysis of the time-domain indices were not changed. In the frequency-domain analysis, the LF in absolute units was reduced during the heavy metal music stimulation compared to control. Acute exposure to heavy metal music affected the sympathetic activity in healthy women.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Fonoaudiologia - FFC

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Pós-graduação em Física - IFT

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Pós-graduação em Música - IA

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Educação para a Ciência - FC

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Reatores elétricos utilizados em subestações de energia têm funções específicas na operacionalização e manutenção da funcionalidade destas instalações, sendo equipamentos aplicados ao controle de reativos, de correntes de curto circuito e surtos de manobra em sistemas de transmissão de energia elétrica. Detectou-se que alguns reatores em funcionamento apresentaram elevados níveis de vibração estrutural. Dois destes reatores operam na subestação da cidade de Rurópolis, situada a oeste do estado do Pará. Outro problema decorrente do elevado nível de vibração destas estruturas é a geração de pontos quentes no núcleo eletromagnético do reator, podendo gerar bolhas de gases altamente inflamáveis. A existência destes problemas operacionais pode ocasionar ao Sistema de Transmissão do Norte do Brasil interrupções na transmissão de energia elétrica. Isto geraria na região Norte e em outras interligadas (Nordeste, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste) elevados prejuízos sociais e financeiros. A aplicação de ferramentas para a minimização do problema vibro-acústico (redução dos níveis vibração e, por conseguinte, ruído) pode evitar danos estruturais e operacionais que resultem na sua indisponibilidade operativa reduzindo, conseqüentemente, perdas e a necessidade do desenvolvimento de equipamentos de custo elevado com baixos índices de vibração. No intuito de se reduzir tais níveis, propõe-se à aplicação de absorvedores dinâmicos na estrutura externa dos reatores. Uma vez dimensionados em quantidade, posição e parâmetros definidores (massa, rigidez e amortecimento) espera-se criar um sistema, que sintonizado com a freqüência da excitação de natureza eletromagnética, absorverá parte da energia vibratória do reator, minimizando-se, os elevados índices detectados e, por conseqüência, todos os problemas subseqüentes. São indicados compostos viscoelásticos nos absorvedores dinâmicos (com propriedades dinâmicas dependentes tanto da temperatura como da freqüência de trabalho), em virtude de estes materiais aumentarem o campo de ação dos absorvedores, adequando-se à elevada densidade modal verificada nas chaparias metálicas do reator.

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A voz e a habilidade vocal são diferentes em cada indivíduo e em cada fase da vida. Devido aos escassos estudos sobre a qualidade vocal de meninos e adolescentes durante a puberdade, o presente estudo teve como objetivo quantificar os seguintes parâmetros da análise acústica da voz: frequência fundamental, jitter, shimmer, relação harmônico-ruído e intensidade. Para entender como se dá a variação da voz com o desenvolvimento de meninos e adolescentes, esses parâmetros foram correlacionados entre si e também com o grau do desenvolvimento puberal de sujeitos do sexo masculino. Métodos: Foram sujeitos desse estudo 110 indivíduos do sexo masculino, com idade entre 11 e 20 anos, estudantes de três escolas estaduais de Macapá, onde foi feita a coleta dos dados. Os sujeitos foram divididos em 4 grupos, 32 sujeitos com idade entre 11 e 12 anos compuseram o Grupo I, 29 sujeitos com idade entre 13 e 15 anos o Grupo II, o Grupo III foi composto por 30 sujeitos com idade entre 16 e 18 anos, e o Grupo IV por sujeitos com idade entre 19 e 20 anos. Todos os sujeitos foram submetidos à gravação da voz diretamente no computador com auxilio de microfone unidirecional. Solicitou-se emissão sustentada da vogal /é/ e fala encadeada: contagem de 1 a 10 e leitura de um parágrafo pré-estabelecido. Em seguida os sujeitos foram avaliados por um médico clínico geral para caracterização do desenvolvimento puberal de acordo com os estágios descritos por Tanner. A análise vocal foi realizada com o programa acústico Voz Metria®. Resultados: Os sujeitos apresentaram F0 média durante a vogal sustentada de 223,28 Hz, 249,86 Hz, 122,63 Hz e 127,61 Hz para os Grupos I, II, III e IV respectivamente. A F0 durante a fala encadeada foi de 217,09 Hz, 246,18 Hz, 117,27 Hz e 123,42 para os Grupos I, II, III e IV respectivamente. Shimmer apresentou valores aumentados nos quatro grupos. Jitter, intensidade e a relação harmônico-ruído mantiveram-se dentro dos padrões de normalidade estabelecidos pelo programa acústico utilizado. Quanto ao desenvolvimento puberal, a maioria dos sujeitos está em G3 (n=38; 34,5%) e G4 (n=42; 38,2%) e P3 (n=34; 31%) e P4 (n=36; 32,7%). O grau de desenvolvimento puberal está correlacionado com aF0 durante a fala encadeada (p<0,001) e com a F0 durante a emissão da vogal sustentada (p<0,001) e essa correlação foi estatisticamente significante entre G2 e G5, e G3 e G5. Conclusão: Até os 15 anos os parâmetros vocais acústicos são típicos da voz infantil. Dos 16 aos 20 anos há decréscimo significativo da F0, porém a voz ainda está em processo de estabilização, com valores aumentados de shimmer. F0 é o único parâmetro correlacionado com o grau de desenvolvimento puberal. A finalização do processo de muda vocal se apresentou, na população estudada, como um evento tardio em relação ao desenvolvimento puberal.