Efeito do metribuzin no controle das plantas daninhas e na produção de grãos em Glycine max (L ) merrill

No ano agrícola 1985/ 86, em Viçosa-MG, foi instalado um ensaio de campo em solo Pdzólico Vermelho-Amarelo argiloso e com 2,9% de matéria orgânica, objetivando estudar o efeito das doses de metribuzin (0,0; 0,35; 0,70 e 1,05 kg i.a.ha-1) no controle de plantas daninhas e na produtividade da soja (Geycine max (L.) Merri ll, cv. 'Uber aba'). A maioria das monocotiledôneas que ocorreram na area experimental foi represent ada por Cyperus rotundus L., Brachiaria plantaginea (Link) Hitch. e Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., tendo-se verificado somente redução em Brachiaria planta taginea em virtude do aumento das doses de metribuzin, ocorrendo o mesmo com relação às dicotiledôneas que se fizerem presentes no experimento, com exceção de Oxalis Oxyptera Prop., que não foi controlada nas doses utilizadas. A densidade total médias das invasoras, menos Cyperus rotundus , Oxalis oxyptera e Cynodon dactylon, foi de 141; 124; 62 e 59 plantas . m-2, respectivamente, para as doses de 0,0; 0,35 ; 0,70 e 1,05 kg i.a.ha-1 de metribuzin. A dose de 0,35 kg i.a. de metribuzin.ha-1 foi suficiente para promover a redução da matéria seca da parte aérea das plantas daninhas com a mesma eficiência de controle da dose de 1,05 kg i.a .ha-1 Entretanto, a densidade total médil das invasoras foi reduzida sig nificativamente nas doses de 0,70 e 1,05 kg i.a. de metribuzin.ha-l. O efeito do metribuzin na soja foi evidenciado somente na dose de 1,05 kg i.a.ha-1, com injúria foliar (clorose) leve ocorrida até 25 dias, aproximadamente, apôs a emergência das plântulas. Após esse período, houve total recuperação de todas as plantas de soja submetidas a essa dose. A produção de grão se o índice de colheita não foram influencia dos significativamente pelas doses de metribuzin.

Effects of obtained benefits on willingness to pay and word-of-mouth behavior in newspaper industry

The purpose of this master’s thesis was to investigate the effects which benefits obtained from reading a newspaper and using its website have on behavioral outcomes such as word-of-mouth behavior and willingness to pay. Several other antecedents of willingness to pay have been used as the control variables. However, their interrelations haven’t been hypothesized. The empirical part focused on a case company – Finnish regional newspaper. Empirical research has been conducted using a quantitative method and data was collected via online survey placed on newspaper’s website during 2010. 1001 responses have been collected. The results showed that benefits obtained both from traditional printed newspaper and from online one have positive effects on the word-of-mouth about this newspaper and its website. However, it has been revealed that benefits obtained from reading the newspaper don’t have effect on the willingness to pay for this newspaper. Additionally, only interpersonal and convenience benefits obtained from using the newspaper’s website influence on the willingness to pay for it. Finally, willingness to pay for the bundle of printed newspaper and its website access is affected positively only by the information/learning benefits obtained from reading the newspaper and by the interpersonal benefits obtained from using the newspaper’s website.

Physiological response of vicia faba to prohexadione-calcium under saline conditions

Changes in the activities of oxidative enzymes (indole acetic acid oxidase, peroxidase and catalase), endogenous hormones (gibberellic acid (GA3), indole acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinins (AsZeatin), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids), total carbohydrates, total soluble sugars, amino acid proline and vegetative growth parameters were used as indicators to explain the physiological role of the growth retardant prohexadione-calcium on Vicia faba seedlings 40 days after sowing under salinity stress for 30 days. The obtained results show that soaking faba bean seeds prior to sowing at different concentrations of prohexadione-calcium (0, 10, 20 and 30 ppm) significantly increased the activities of indole acetic acid oxidase (IAA-oxidase) and peroxidase enzymes, but decreased the catalase enzyme activity as compared with their respective control. Application of prohexadione-Ca caused markedly decreases in the endogenous contents of gibberellins and indole acetic acid (IAA) but increased the levels of natural growth inhibitor abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinins in the shoots of faba bean seedlings. All the prohexadione-Ca concentrations increased the contents of amino acid proline, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids), total carbohydrates and total soluble sugars in faba bean seedlings grown under salt stress. Application of prohexadione-Ca decreased significantly seedling height and shoot fresh weight but significantly increased shoot dry weight.

2.6 MW:n tuulivoimakonvertterin nestejäähdytysjärjestelmän komponentit ja hinnat

Tässä tutkimuksessa selvitettiin nestejäähdytteisen 2.6 MW:n tuulivoimakonvertterin jäähdytysjärjestelmään kuuluvat komponentit ja niiden hinnat. Tällä pyritään helpottamaan uutta teknologiaa hyödyntävien jäähdytysjärjestelmien kehittäjiä kaupallistamaan tuotteensa selvittämällä heille nykyisten jäähdytysjärjestelmien hintaluokka. Työ tehtiin kirjallisuuskatsauksena ja lähteinä käytettiin pääasiassa ABB:lta saatavia julkisia materiaaleja. Komponenttien hinnat haettiin internetin hakukoneiden avulla, sekä lähettämällä tarjouspyyntöjä myyjille, jotka eivät hintojaan olleet suoraan ilmoittaneet. Hinnat komponenteista kerättiin 1, 10, 50 ja 100 kappaleen toimituserille, jolloin voitiin vertailla myös kuinka paljon edullisemmaksi sarjatuotanto tulisi, kuin yksittäisen tuotteen valmistaminen. Tuloksista huomattiin, että konvertterikaapiston sisäiset jäähdytysjärjestelmään kuuluvat komponentit muodostavat vain pienen osan siitä hinnasta, mikä aiheutuu ulkopuolisesta jäähdytysyksiköstä, johon kaapisto on kytkettävä. Käytettäessä yksittäistä jäähdytysyksikköä on koko jäähdytysjärjestelmän hinta 14-15 000 €, josta ulkoisen jäähdytysyksikön osuus on 12 000 €, eli yli 80 % kokonaishinnasta. Sarjatuotannossa hinta putoaa etenkin jäähdytysyksikön osalta huomattavasti. Uusia teknologioita kaupallistettaessa on niiden kokonaisuudessaan oltava tätä summaa halvempia, johon paras tapa päästä on keskittää huomionsa ulkoisen jäähdytysyksikön kustannusten laskemiseen. Toinen vaihtoehto kaupalliseen menestykseen, on tehdä samanhintainen jäähdytysjärjestelmä, mutta jäähdytysteholtaan huomattavasti tehokkaampi, sekä kooltaan pienempi.

An Alternative American Approach to Repositories

Presentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

Integrating open articles with open data in the life sciences with Europe PubMed Central.

Presentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

Building Dynamic Data Centers for Fast Delivery of New Data and Data Updates

Poster at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

Spotlight: A Blacklight Plugin for Showcasing Digital Collections

Presentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

ORCIDs in the Wild: Implementing ORCIDs into Research Support and Repository Systems

Panel at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

INSPIRE: contributions to Invenio from the leading High Energy Physics (HEP) platform

Presentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

Effect of abscisic acid on the mobilisation of galactomannan and embryo development of Sesbania virgata (Cav.) Pers. (Leguminosae - Faboideae)

Galactomannans (GM) are storage cell wall polysaccharides present in endospermic seeds of legumes. They are thought to be storage polymers, since it has been observed for a few species (among them Sesbania virgata) that they are completely broken down after germination and their products are transferred to the growing embryo. We examined the effect of 10-4 M abscisic acid (ABA) on the degradation of galactomannan in isolated endosperms and intact seeds of S. virgata. We found that after seed germination the initial embryo growth was retarded. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the embryo is completely surrounded by an endosperm which displays very thick galactomannan-containing cell walls. Although an inhibitory effect has been observed on the increase of fresh mass of the embryo, the effect of ABA on the dry mass was weaker and transitory (from 48 to 96 h). Endosperm dry mass and galactomannan degradation were significantly inhibited and the activity of alpha-galactosidase was strongly affected. The addition of ABA before and/or after the start of mobilisation in intact seeds or isolated endosperms, showed that whereas addition before mobilisation did not affect dry mass decrease in intact seeds, it was strongly affected in isolated endosperms. On the other hand, whereas it affected embryo fresh mass increase in intact seeds, but not in isolated embryos, no significant effect was observed on dry mass. These results suggest that ABA affects galactomannan degradation and by doing so, prevents water absorption by the embryo, rather than affect its dry mass. As ABA has been detected in the endosperm of seeds of S. virgata, it is proposed that it probably acts as a modulator of galactomannan mobilisation and consequently synchronises it with early growth of the embryo.

Crescimento e teor de proteínas em sementes de soja sob influência de hormônios vegetais

Os prováveis hormônios vegetais envolvidos no crescimento e acúmulo de proteínas de reserva em sementes de soja foram avaliados por meio do cultivo artificial dos frutos. Explantes de frutos de soja apresentando o pericarpo completamente expandido e sementes com aproximadamente 100 mg de massa fresca foram cultivados in vitro com várias concentrações de ácido naftaleno-acético (ANA), ácido giberélico (GA3), benziladenina (BA) e ácido abscísico (ABA). Esses fitorreguladores foram utilizados inicialmente isolados nas concentrações de 10-7, 10-6, 10-5 e 10-4 mol.L-1 cada um. Em seguida, foram combinados dois a dois, sendo as concentrações determinadas em função dos maiores incrementos na massa seca das sementes observados nos experimentos iniciais. O ANA foi ineficiente para o crescimento das sementes, que foi estimulado por GA3 e BA, porém apenas nas concentrações mais elevadas. O ABA inibiu o crescimento das sementes. Quando combinou-se o ANA com GA3 ou BA, houve aumento na massa seca das sementes, sugerindo que pode ocorrer interações entre hormônios vegetais. O ANA e a BA foram os fitorreguladores mais eficientes no acúmulo de proteínas, tanto isolados como combinados. O ABA, por sua vez, inibiu a síntese de proteínas de reserva nas sementes. O sistema artificial de cultivo utilizado nesse experimento mostrou-se eficiente para o estudo do crescimento e de teores protéicos em sementes de soja.

Communicating trustworthiness in online stores

Even though e-commerce systems are expected to have many advantages compared to the traditional ways of doing business, it is not always the reality. Lack of trust is still said to be one of the most important barriers to online shopping. In traditional stores, trust has usually been established in a direct contact between the customer and the company or its personnel. In online stores, there is no direct interaction. The purpose of this thesis is to identify the key antecedents to online trust and to distinguish between effective and ineffective practices. A model on how consumers establish initial trust towards an unknown online vendor was proposed based on previous theories. The model was tested empirically by targeting an online survey at higher degree students in Finland and in Germany. The data confirmed the proposed view that trusting intentions are affected by individual characteristics, characteristics of the company as well as characteristics of the website. Additionally national differences were found between Finnish and German respondents. The data suggested that online vendors can convey a message of trustworthiness by improving information quality and overall usefulness of the website. Perceived risk of online shopping was found to depend especially on general trust in the Internet, service quality and ease of use. A trustworthy online store should include several payment methods as well as means to access and modify given data. The vendors should also make sure that inquiries are addressed quickly, transactions are confirmed automatically and that customers have a possibility to track their order. A model that includes three different sources of trust should contribute to the theoretical understanding of trust formation in online stores. The resulting list of trust antecedents can also be used as a checklist when e-commerce practitioners wish to optimize the trust building.

Suodattimen simulointi Aspen Plus simulointiohjelmistolla

Tässä työssä tutkittiin Aspen Plus-ohjelmiston soveltuvuutta suodattimen simulointiin. Tämän työn kirjallisuusosassa on esitelty eri suodatusmekanismit sekä joitain prosessisimulointiin soveltuvia ohjelmistoja lähdekirjallisuuden perusteella. Kokeellisessa osassa on tutkittu Aspen Plus-ohjelmiston soveltuvuutta suodattimen simuloimiseen. Simulointi suoritettiin käyttäen Aspenin suodatinmoduulin suunnittelumallia. Lähtökohtana käytettiin buchnersuppilolla ZnS-suspensiolle tehtyä koesuodatusta, jonka perusteella saatiin lähtöparametrien, kuten kakun- ja kankaan vastusten arvot. Simuloinnissa mitoitettiin samalle kapasiteetille rumpusuodatin, jonka suodatuspinta-alaa ja kiintoainekakun tilavuutta verrattiin koesuodatuksen vastaaviin arvoihin. Lisäksi vastaava simulointi suoritettiin filtration-and-separation.com sivuston omaa vakiopaineisen vakuumisuodattimen simulointiin tarkoitettua laskentapohjaa käyttäen, jonka tuloksia verrattiin myös Aspenilla saatuihin simulointituloksiin.

Epäsuoran kysyntätiedon hyödyntäminen verkkokaupan tuotevalikoima- ja hinnoittelupäätöksissä

Tässä diplomityössä tutkitaan, miten verkkokaupan kävijävirran käyttäytymistä analysoimalla voidaan tehdä perusteltuja, tarkoituksenmukaisiin nimikkeisiin ja niiden parametreihin kohdistuvia päätöksiä tilanteessa, jossa laajamittaisemmat historiatiedot toteutuneesta myynnistä puuttuvat. Teoriakatsauksen perusteella muodostettiin ratkaisumalli, joka perustuu potentiaalisten kysyntäajurien muodostamiseen ja testaamiseen. Testisarjan perusteella valittavaa ajuria käytetään estimoimaan nimikkeiden kysyntää, jolloin sitä voidaan käyttää toteutuneen myynnin sijasta esimerkiksi Pareto-analyysissä. Näin huomio on mahdollista keskittää rajattuun määrään merkitykseltään suuria nimikkeitä ja niiden yksityiskohtaisiin parametreihin, joilla on merkitystä asiakkaan ostopäätöstilanteissa. Lisäksi voidaan tunnistaa nimikkeitä, joiden ongelmana on joko huono verkkonäkyvyys tai yhteensopimattomuus asiakastarpeiden kanssa. Ajurien testaamisperiaatteena käytetään kertymäfunktioiden yhdenmukaisuustarkastelua, joka rakentuu kolmesta peräkkäisestä vaiheesta; visuaalisesta tarkastelusta, kahden otoksen 2-suuntaisesta Kolmogorov-Smirnov-yhteensopivuustestistä ja Pearsonin korrelaatiotestistä. Mallia ja sen avulla tuotettua kysynnän ajuria testattiin veneilyalan kuluttaja-asiakkaille suunnatussa verkkokaupassa, jossa sillä tunnistettiin Pareto-jakauman alkupäästä runsaasti nimikkeitä, joiden parametreissa oli myynnin kannalta epäedullisia tekijöitä. Jakauman toisessa päässä tunnistettiin satoja nimikkeitä, joiden ongelmana on ilmeisesti joko huono verkkonäkyvyys tai nimikkeiden yhteensopimattomuus asiakastarpeiden kanssa.