Social and immigration factors in intimate partner violence among Ecuadorians, Moroccans and Romanians living in Spain

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women occurs in all countries, all cultures and at every level of society; however, some populations may be at greater risk than others. The aim of this study was to explore IPV prevalence among Ecuadorian, Moroccan and Romanian immigrant women living in Spain and its possible association with their personal, family, social support and immigration status characteristics. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 1607 adult immigrant women residing in Barcelona, Madrid and Valencia (2011). Prevalence rates and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) were calculated, with current IPV being the outcome. Different women’s personal (demographic), family, social support and immigration status characteristics were considered as explicative and control variables. All analyses were separated by women’s country of origin. Results: Current IPV prevalence was 15.57% in Ecuadorians, 10.91% in Moroccans and 8.58% in Romanians. Some common IPV factors were found, such as being separated and/or divorced. In Romanians, IPV was also associated with lack of social support [AOR 5.96 (1.39–25.62)] and low religious involvement [AOR 2.17 (1.06–4.43)]. The likelihood of current IPV was lower among women without children or other dependants in this subgroup [AOR 0.29 (0.093–0.92)]. Conclusion: The IPV prevalence rates obtained for Moroccan, Romanian and Ecuadorian women residing in Spain were similar. Whereas the likelihood of IPV appeared to be relatively evenly distributed among Moroccan and Ecuadorian women, it was higher among Romanian women in socially vulnerable situations related to family responsibilities and the lack of support networks. The importance of intervention in the process of separation and divorce was common to all women.

Mines and mineral resources of the counties of Monterey, San Benito, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Ventura, by Walter W. Bradley [and others]

Mode of access: Internet.

Mines and mineral resources of the counties of El Dorado, Placer, Sacramento, Yuba,

Mode of access: Internet.

Select specimens of natural history, collected in travels to discover the source of the Nile, in Egypt, Arabia, Abyssinia, and Nubia : Vol. V

Mode of access: Internet.

Mineral and water resources of Washington : report ..

"Prepared by the United States Geological Survey in collaboration with the Washington State Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, and the United States Bureau of Reclamation, and other agencies, at the request of Senator Henry M. Jackson, chairman of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, United States Senate."

Environmental and natural resources information catalog (ENRIC) : a feasibility study /

"Project no. 60.057."

Land treatment using plant-soil ecosystems to purify wastewater and recycle resources.

Cover title.

Flora fossilis arctica. Die fossile flora der polarländer ...

Imprint varies: bd. I, Zürich. F. Schulthess.--bd. II, Winterthur, Wurster & comp.

Documentary material on nature protection and wild life preservation in Latin America ... Prepared for the use of the Committee of experts on nature protection and wild life preservation, Pan American union, Washington, D.C., May 13-16, 1940 ...

Issued also in Spanish.

Science and technology for development; report on the United Nations Conference on the Application of Science and Technology for the Benefit of the Less Developed Areas.

United Nations publication. Sales no. : 63.I.21-[63.I.28]"

Mineral and water resources of New Mexico; Report ...

At head of title: 89th Congress, 1st session, Committee print.

Mineral and water resources of Idaho : report /

At head of title: 88th Cong., 2d sess. Committee print.

Ores and industry in the Far East; the influence of key mineral resources on the development of oriental civilization /

Mode of access: Internet.

Interpretation of the relationship between benthic fauna, geologic distributions, and methane seeps at Southern Hydrate Ridge, Oregon continental margin

Senior thesis written for Oceanography 445

Enrichment of nitrifying microbial communities from shrimp farms and commercial inocula

Nitrifying bacteria were selected from shrimp farm water and sediment (natural seed) in Thailand and from commercial seed cultures. The microbial consortia from each source giving the best ammonia removal during batch culture pre-enrichments were used as inocula for two sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). Nitrifiers were cultivated in the SBRs with 100 mg NH4-N/I and artificial wastewater containing 25 ppt salinity. The two SBRs were operated at a 7 d hydraulic retention time (HRT) for 77 d after which the HRT was reduced to 3.5 d. The amounts of ammonia removed from the influent by microorganisms sourced from the natural seed were 85% and 92% for the 7 d HIRT and the 3.5 d HRT, respectively. The ammonia removals of microbial consortia from the commercial seed were 71% and 83% for these HRTs respectively. The quantity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) was determined in the SBRs using the most probable number (MPN) technique. Both AOB and NOB increased in number over the long-term operation of both SBRs. According to quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) probing, AOB from the natural seed and commercial seed comprised 21 +/- 2% and 30 +/- 2%, respectively of all bacteria. NOB could not be detected with currently-reported FISH probes, suggesting that novel NOB were enriched from both sources. Taken collectively, the results from this study provide an indication that the nitrifiers from shrimp farm sources are more effective at ammonia removal than those from commercial seed cultures.