Community structure of macrobenthos in coastal water off Rushan, southern Shandong Peninsula, and the relationships with environmental factors

To understand the present actuality of the marine ecosystem in the southern coastal water region of the Shandong Peninsula and the impact of the global change and the human activities to the marine ecosystem of the region, the macrobenthic community structure was researched based on data from 26 sampling stations carried out on four seasonal cruises from December 2006 to November 2007. The data was analyzed using PRIMER 6.0 and SPSS 15.0 software packages. The results showed that 236 macrobenthic species in total were collected from the research region by the field works. Most of the species belong to Polychaeta (76 species), Mollusca (75) and Crustacea (60). Of which, 33 species were common species by the four cruises. The dominant species were different among the four seasons, however, the polychaete species Nephtys oligobranchia and Sternaspis scutata were always dominant in the four seasons. The abundances and biomasses of the macrobenthos from the research region were variable in tire four seasons. The results of CLUSTER and MDS analysis showed that the similarities of macrobenthic structures among the stations were low, most of the similarities were at about 40% of similarity values, only that of two stations were up to 60%. In accordance with the similarity values of the macrobenthic structures, the 26 stations were clustered as six groups at arbitrary similarity level of 30%. The ABC curve indicated that the marcofauna communities in the research region had riot been disturbed distinctly. The results of BIOENV and BVSTEP (Spearman) analysis implied that the concentrations of organic matter in bottom water and heavy metal copper in sediment, water depth and temperature of bottom were the most significant environmental factors to affect the macrobentic community.

藏药帕朱胶囊超临界CO_2萃取成分的GC-MS分析

目的：分析治疗胃病常用的藏成药帕朱胶囊（寒水石,诃子,石榴子,胡椒,荜拔等）的主要化学成分。方法：采用超临界CO_2萃取方法提取帕朱胶囊的可溶性成分,并用气相色谱-质谱联用法对提取部位进行化学成分分析,峰面积归一化法计算各组分的相对含量。结果：共分离鉴定了22种化合物,主要成分含量为胡椒碱44.2%、亚油酸21.1%、甲基-甲撑基奥-异丙烯内酯10.5%、棕榈酸4.8%和γ-羟基-榄香烯酸内酯3.5%等。结论：藏药帕朱胶囊的主要化学成分为胡椒碱和亚油酸,两者含量共占全部提取物的65.3%

唐古特白刺果实多糖的提取工艺研究

本实验通过正交试验探讨了白刺多糖的最佳提取工艺。在多糖提取之前先将白刺果肉、果皮粉末除脂，去除单糖等干扰因素。实验结果表明：白刺多糖的最佳提取工艺是料液比为1：5，94℃下回流提取3次，每次2h。在此条件下得到的白刺多糖含量为34．562mg／g。

10种芳香化合物的分离及紫外和荧光光谱研究

采用反相高效液相色谱梯度洗脱，在SinoChrom ODS-BP型色谱柱（4．6mm×200mm，5μm）上，实现了包括5种荧光衍生试剂母体分子（咔唑、1，2-苯并-3，4-二氢咔唑、吖啶酮、2-苯基-1-氢-菲[9，10-d]咪唑、吡唑并[3，4-b]-7-甲基喹啉）在内的10种含氮芳香化合物的基线分离。通过测定每种物质的紫外吸收曲线，得到了它们的最大紫外吸收波长和摩尔吸光系数（ε），并探讨了分子结构、摩尔吸光系数（ε）和灵敏度之间的关系。扫描了它们的荧光激发和发射光谱，得出了它们的最大激发波长和发射波长。

雄性根田鼠的同胞竞争及其对同性个体的气味识别

采用两两互作实验并以尿标记来确定共居至成年的2雄性根田鼠同胞在行为竞争上的差异,之后在行为选择箱中分别观察它们对来自熟悉和陌生同性个体的新鲜尿气味的行为反应,以确定气味识别差异.结果表明:①雄性根田鼠两两互作时,尿标记的多少可以作为判断其社会等级的标准;②从属鼠对熟悉气味存在明显偏好,其对熟悉气味的访问时间、接近频次和自我修饰频次都显著高于陌生气味;③优势鼠则优先访问陌生气味,其对陌生气味的访问时间、嗅舔频次、嗅舔时间、自我修饰及反标记均显著高于熟悉气味;④对于陌生气味,优势鼠和从属鼠之间存在明显不同的行为反应模式.本实验结果提示,雄性根田鼠对同性尿气味识别的差异以及对陌生气味的行为反应,可能暗含着其领域防卫的信息.

5年模拟增温后矮蒿草草甸群落结构及生产量的变化

5年模拟增温后观察表明,植物生长期4～9月暖室内10 cm、20 cm地下土壤平均增温1.86℃,10 cm、20 cm地上空气平均增温1.15 ℃,地表0 cm平均增温1.87 ℃,且增温在植物生长初期大于生长末期及枯黄期.在模拟增温初期年生物量比对照高,增温5年后生物量反而有所下降.增温使禾草类植物种增加,杂草减少.从表面来看,增温可使植物生长期延长,利于增大生物量,实际受热效应作用,植物发育生长速率加快,植物成熟过程提早,生长期反而缩短,加之玻璃纤维的存在使暖室内外温度交换减缓,减少了温度日变化,限制干物质积累,终久导致生物量减少.这说明小气候的作用,环境条件诱发土壤结构变化,植被的种群结构也随之改变,甚至出现演替的过程,全球变暖不仅对植物的生物生产力影响较大,而且对植被类型的演替有着不可忽视的作用.

毛冠菊属系统位置的核形态证据(英文)

首次记载了毛冠菊属 2种 4居群的核形态资料。两种植物的染色体间期和前期染色体为复杂型和中间型。狭舌毛冠菊两居群的染色体数目与核型公式为 2n =1 8=1 4m + 2sm + 2st( 2SAT) ;毛冠菊两居群的染色体数目与核型公式为 2n =1 8=1 4m + 2sm( 2SAT) + 2st。它们分别代表了整个毛冠菊属的两组植物 ,并包含了形态学上最原始的种类 ,因此 ,该属的染色体基数可能为x =9。核形态证据表明毛冠菊属放在紫菀族比放在旋覆花族和千里光族中更为合理。

根田鼠身体大小的性二型

在雌雄异体的有性生物中，反映身体结构和功能特征的某些变量在两性之间常常出现固有的和明显的差别，使得人们能够以此为根据判断一个个体的性别，这种现象被称为性二型 (sexualdimorphism)。国外大量研究表明 ,哺乳动物性二型现象十分普遍 ,并且 ,在大多数情况下 ,雄性个体大于雌性个体；国内同类研究还不多，仅见周立等 、盛和林、陈国芳、杜铭章分别对高原鼠兔(Ochotonacurzoniae)、黄鼬 (Mustelasibirica)、摇蚊和海蛇的性二型现象作过报道 ,但均未分析其产生原因。本研究试图从两个方面探讨根田鼠 (Microtusoeconomus)身体大小的性二型现象。其一 ,检验成年根田鼠体重的性别差异 ,并在实验室饲养条件下 ,繁殖后代, 分析个体发育中根田鼠体重的性别差异, 目的在于检验性二型出现时间与青春期性发育相关的假设; 其二, 根据自然条件下雌雄根田鼠繁殖期间的能量需求差异以及由此产生的后果, 分析捕食压力与性二型现象的关系, 以探讨性二型现象的进化原因。

Genetic variation and phylogeographic history of Picea likiangensis revealed by RAPD markers

Repeated cycles of retreat and recolonization during the Quaternary ice ages are thought to have greatly influenced current species distributions and their genetic diversity. It remains unclear how this climatic oscillation has affected the distribution of genetic diversity between populations of wind-pollinated conifers in the Qinghai-Tibetan region. In this study, we investigated the within-species genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Picea likiangensis, a dominant forest species in this region using polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Our results suggest that this species has high overall genetic diversity, with 85.42% of loci being polymorphic and an average expected heterozygosity (H (E)) of 0.239. However, there were relatively low levels of polymorphism at population levels and the differences between populations were not significant, with percentages of polymorphic bands (PPB) ranging from 46.88 to 69.76%, Nei's gene diversity (H (E)) from 0.179 to 0.289 and Shannon's indices (Hpop) from 0.267 to 0.421. In accordance with our proposed hypothesis, a high level of genetic differentiation among populations was detected based on Nei's genetic diversity (G (ST) = 0.256) and AMOVA analysis (Phi (st) = 0.236). Gene flow between populations was found to be limited (Nm = 1.4532) and far lower than reported for other conifer species with wide distribution ranges from other regions. No clusters corresponding to three morphological varieties found in the south, north and west, respectively, were detected in either UPGMA or PCO analyses. Our results suggest that this species may have had different refugia during the glacial stages in the southern region and that the northern variety may have multiple origins from these different refugia.

Analysis of saturated free fatty acids from pollen by HPLC with fluorescence detection

A sensitive method for the determination of free fatty acids using 2-(2-(anthracen-10-yl)-1H-naphtho[2,3-dimidazol-1-yl) ethyl-p-toluenesuIfonate (ANITS) as tagging reagent with fluorescence detection has been developed. ANITS could easily and quickly label fatty acids in the presence of the K2CO3 catalyst at 90 degrees C for 40 min in N,N-dimethylformamide solvent. From the extracts of rape bee pollen samples, 20 free fatty acids were sensitively determined. Fatty acid derivatives were separated on a reversed-phase Eclipse XDB-C8 column by HPLC in conjunction with gradient elution. The corresponding derivatives were identified by post-column APCI/MS in positive-ion detection mode. ANITS-fatty acid derivatives gave an intense molecular ion peak at mlz [M+H](+); with MS/MS analysis, the collision-induced dissociation spectra of m/z [M+H](+) produced the specific fragment ions at mlz [M-345](+) and mlz 345.0 (here, m/z 345 is the core structural moiety of the ANITS molecule). The fluorescence excitation and emission wavelengths of the derivatives were lambda(ex) = 250 nm and lambda(em) = 512 nm, respectively. Linear correlation coefficients for all fatty acid derivatives are > 0.9999. Detection limits, at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 : 1, are 24.76-98.79 fmol for the labeled fatty acids.

铁同位素测定化学前处理方法初步研究

样品纯化分离的效果对铁同位素比值的精确测定起着至关重要的作用.本文通过对GSB Fe试剂标准、重金属混和标准、水系沉积物标准、植物标准及自然样品(包括湖泊水、沉积物和颗粒物等)预处理实验研究,并在Bio-Rad AGMP-1 100～200目氯化物型阴离子交换柱上进行分离,回收率达104%,基质的去除较为彻底,初步建立了铁同位素测定的化学纯化分离方法.

恩施鱼塘坝自然硒的发现及其初步研究

在湖北恩施渔塘坝发现了罕见的自然硒矿物，同一地域内产出自然硒矿物的规模和多种成因类型并存的现象为首次报道。按自然硒的形成环境和赋存条件将其分为三种，分别是碳质硅质岩和硅质碳质页岩中的原生自然硒，表生环境氧化还原作用形成的自然硒和“石煤”自燃形成的自然硒晶体。自然硒矿物的发现将为硒的矿物学、矿床地球化学、环境地球化学提供新的认识和研究空间。

峨眉山大火成岩省Cu—Ni—PGE成矿作用－－几个典型矿床岩石地球化学特征的分析

峨眉山大火成岩省岩浆型Cu—Ni—PGE矿化岩体广泛分布，构成峨眉山地幔柱成矿系统中一个非常重要的成矿系列。本文剖析了峨眉山大火成岩省该类矿床的分布及部分典型矿床的地质地球化学特征和矿化特征，揭示了成矿岩体统一的地 幔柱成因，阐述了Cu—Ni—P( E成矿作用与峨眉山地幔柱岩浆活动体系的关系，探讨了由于岩浆演化过程及硫化物熔离富集过程的差异所导致的矿化类型变异。指出Cu—Ni—PGE矿床成矿岩体原始岩浆为地幔柱高程度熔融的高镁玄武岩浆，成矿岩体与峨眉山低钛玄武岩同源，矿化岩体主要产于峨眉山地幔柱活动模型的内带低钛玄武岩分布区；金宝山、朱布、力马河、杨柳坪矿床分别代表峨眉山地幔柱Cu—Ni—PGE成矿作用不同成矿机制的端员类型。

岩石学混合计算在岩浆结晶分异作用研究中的应用——以云南白马寨镍矿区煌斑岩为例

公式C^1L=C^1O,LF^(D-1)岩浆结晶分异过程中的微量元素地球化学模型，但如何确定式中残余熔体的重量百分比(F)和熔体中分离出来的矿物相的总分配系数(D^1)一直是个难题。本文介绍了一种直接计算出残余熔体比例(F)和岩浆结晶矿物比例(以此计算出D^1)的方法——岩石学混合计算法的基本原理，以云南白马寨镍矿区煌斑岩为例，介绍了该方法在岩浆结晶分异作用研究中的应用。