Sistema de plantio de milho em fileiras duplas e simples em consórcio com o feijoeiro comum

Este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar sistemas de semeadura do milho em fileiras duplas e simples que permitam melhores condições de rendimento ao feijoeiro em cultivo consorciado. Os experimentos foram instalados na área experimental da Embrapa-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Milho e Sorgo (CNPMS), nos anos de 1988/89 e 1989/90. As cultivares de milho precoce BR 201, Cargill 606 e CMS 350 foram semeadas em fileiras duplas de 50 cm com 60.000 e 40.000 plantas por hectare. O espaçamento entre fileiras duplas foi de 150 cm, e de 100 cm entre as fileiras simples com 40.000 plantas por hectare. A densidade 120.000 plantas por hectare do feijão cultivar Carioca foi constante em todos os sistemas de cultivo. O rendimento do milho não foi influenciado por esses sistemas. A produtividade do feijoeiro foi menor quando consorciado com os milhos Cargill 606 e CMS 350 em fileiras duplas. O híbrido Cargill 606 em fileiras simples proporcionou maiores rendimentos de grãos à leguminosa. O BR 201 foi o milho mais eficiente para o consórcio, por ser, na média, o mais produtivo, e por permitir, em média, maiores rendimentos do feijoeiro. As produtividades de grãos do consórcio variaram de acordo com os sistemas de cultivo e com as condições climáticas.

Screening for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a psychiatric emergency setting

Background and Objectives: (i) to assess the prevalence of PTSD in a psychiatric emergency setting by means of a diagnostic instrument and to compare it with PTSD-prevalence of a clinically evaluated, historical sample; and (ii) to assess psychiatric residents' perception of the systematic use of this diagnostic instrument. Methods: A consecutive sample of patients (N = 403) evaluated for a psychiatric emergency was assessed with the module J (PTSD) of the MINI, the historical sample (N = 350), assessed by chart review, consisted of consecutive patients of the same setting evaluated one year prior to the study period. Residents' perceptions were assessed by means of a focus group. Results: While in only 0.57% of the historical sample (N = 350) a diagnosis of PTSD was recorded, 20.3% (N = 64) of the patients assessed with the diagnostic instrument (N = 316) qualified for a diagnosis of PTSD. Higher prevalence rates were observed in refugees and those without legal residency status (50%); patients from countries with a recent history of war (47.1%); those with four (44.4%) or three psychiatric co-morbidities (35.3%); migrants (29.8%) and patients without professional income (25%). Residents felt that the systematic use of the tool was not adequate in the psychiatric emergency setting for various reasons (e.g.: not suitable for a first or single consultation, negative impact on the clinical evaluation). Conclusions: The study confirms that PTSD is underdiagnosed in the psychiatric emergency setting. To improve the situation, targeted screening or educational and institutional strategies are needed.

Efeito de inseticidas em insetos predadores em culturas de algodão

Com o objetivo de verificar o efeito de inseticidas em insetos predadores em cultura de algodão (Gossypium hirsutum L.), instalaram-se, em 1993-1994, dois experimentos, um no campo, e outro, em laboratório. No experimento realizado no campo, os tratamentos foram: Fipronil 200 SC (75 g/ha de i.a.); Fipronil 800 WDG (64, 80 e 100 g/ha de i.a.); Endosulfan 350 CE (700 g/ha de i.a.); e testemunha. Em laboratório, além das formulações à base de Fipronil foi utilizado o Paration metílico 600 CE (480 g/ha de i.a.). Fipronil foi seletivo para os artrópodes predadores (Scymnus sp., Geocoris ventralis, Cycloneda sanguinea e Doru lineare) no campo, e a Cycloneda sanguinea (L.), em laboratório, e pode ser recomendado em programas de manejo integrado de pragas na cultura do algodoeiro para o controle de Alabama argillacea (Rueb.), e Anthonomus grandis Boh. Endosulfan foi seletivo em relação a Scymnus sp., Geocoris ventralis Thomazini e Doru lineare (Eschs) no campo, com uma redução dos insetos inferior a 30%, e o Paration metílico não foi seletivo para C. sanguinea em laboratório.

La délinquance des étrangers : criminalité, récidive et les facteurs influençant le retour en prison

Résumé : La délinquance des étrangers se situe depuis quelques années au milieu de beaucoup de débats politiques. En même temps, la récidive constitue l'un des sujets d'étude classiques de la criminologie. Cette recherche combine ces deux phénomènes en s'intéressant aux causes de la délinquance et de l'éventuelle récidive d'un échantillon d'étrangers incarcérés en Suisse. Le cadre théorique repose sur une revue approfondie de la littérature scientifique sur la délinquance des étrangers ainsi que sur les facteurs influençant la récidive. Ces revues ont conduit à l'élaboration d'une série d'hypothèses qui ont été testées dans la partie empirique du travail. Cette dernière comprend l'étude des 500 dossiers des étrangers libérés des Etablissements pénitentiaires de la Plaine de l'Orbe (EPO, canton de Vaud, Suisse) entre 1995 et 1999, ainsi que le suivi de ces personnes, avec l'aide des données fournies par l'Office fédéral de la statistique, afin d'établir si elles avaient récidivé durant les cinq années postérieures à leur libération. Elle comprend également l'analyse de 125 entretiens conduits auprès des détenus des EPO entre 2005 et 2006 dont le but était d'établir, entre autres, leur perception subjective sur les causes de la délinquance et de la récidive. Les résultats indiquent un taux de récidive d'environ 30%. En outre, ils corroborent l'influence sur la récidive des facteurs identifiés par les recherches précédentes bien que, vu les particularités de l'échantillon étudié, certains de ces facteurs -tel que l'âge à la première condamnation ou l'âge à la sortie de prison-, présentent des divergences. En outre, l'analyse des entretiens a permis l'élaboration d'une nouvelle classification des causes de la récidive. Finalement, la recherche permet une connaissance plus approfondie des causes de l'implication dans la délinquance de la population de référence. The delinquency of the foreigners: criminality, recidivism and the factors that influence to the return to prison Abstract : The foreigners' delinquency is today in the middle of political debates. Moreover, recidivism is one of the classical subjects studied in criminology. The present research combines these two phenomena by studying the causes of foreigners' delinquency and recidivism. With the purpose of doing this research, a theoretical framework on the criminality of foreigners has been established through an extensive review of research literature on this subject as well as on the factors influencing recidivism. These reviews have allowed the establishment of a series of hypotheses that have been tested in the empirical part of the study. This empirical research includes the study of 500 cases of all foreigners released from the Penitentiary Establishment of the Plaine de l'Orbe (EPO, in the Vaud region) between 1995 and 1999. This population was then followed-up by means of data provided by the Swiss Federal Office of Statistics in order to know whether they had recidivated during the five years following their release. The empirical study also includes the analysis of interviews conducted with 125 inmates of EPO between 2005 and 2006 to determine what are, in the opinion of the inmates interviewed, the causes of recidivism and the causes of crime. The results show a recidivism rate of approximately 30%. Furthermore, the factors which, according to research analyzed, influence recidivism, have also been related to the recidivism of our sample. However, due to the fact that the sample studied consists of foreigners, some factors, such as age of the first conviction or age of release of prison, show some differences with respect to the literature. Finally, the information obtained from the interviews has allowed the establishment of a new classification on the causes of recidivism, and to get a deeper knowledge of the causes of crime involvement of the population studied.

Avaliação espectral de solos desenvolvidos em uma toposseqüência de diabásio e folhelho da região de Piracicaba, SP

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar as alterações de solosdesenvolvidos numa toposseqüência composta por diabásio e folhelho (Piracicaba, SP), e sua relação com os dados espectrais. Ocorrem na toposseqüência os solos Latossolo Roxo (LR), Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro (LE), Podzólico Vermelho-Escuro (PE), Litossolo (Li) e Aluvial (Al) dos quais foram coletadas amostras a três profundidades. Foram obtidos dados de reflectância bidirecional dessas amostras em laboratório com espectrorradiômetro na faixa de 350 a 2.500 nm. As alterações da reflectância das amostras de solo das camadas superficiais e subsuperficiais foram relacionadas às diferenças nos teores de matéria orgânica e argila, que foram parâmetros importantes na caracterização espectral dos solos. Ao longo da toposseqüência, ocorreram alterações nas características dos solos, principalmente nos teores de ferro e silte e na mineralogia, que influenciaram nos dados espectrais. Os solos desenvolvidos de diabásio apresentaram altos teores de ferro, o que refletiu em concavidades mais acentuadas nas curvas espectrais em 850 nm, e intensidades de reflectância menores, ao contrário dos solos desenvolvidos de folhelho. A reflectância do PE apresentou-se mais intensa do que o LR e LE. Os solos menos intemperizados Li e Al apresentaram intensidades de reflectância mais elevadas que os mais intemperizados, LR e LE.

Fast Track and Fast Track II Cedar Rapids, Iowa, HR-544, 1993

Two lanes of a major four-lane arterial street in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, needed reconstruction. Because of the traffic volume and the detour problem, closure of the intersections, even for 1 day was not feasible. Use of Fast Track concrete paving on the mainline portion of the project permitted achievement of the opening strength of 400 psi in less than 12 hr. Fast Track II, used for the intersections, achieved the opening strength of 350 psi in 6 to 7 hr. Flexural and compression specimens of two sections each in the Fast Track and Fast Track II sections were subjected to pulse velocity tests. Maturity curves were developed by monitoring the temperatures. Correlations were performed between the pulse velocity and flexural strength and between the maturity and flexural strength. The project established the feasibility of using Fast Track II to construct portland cement concrete pavement at night and opening the roadway to traffic the next day.

Advances in medical imaging applied to bone metastases

Bone metastases are the result of a primary cancer invasion which spreads into the bone marrow through the lymphogenous or hematogenous pathways. Bone metastases are a common complication of cancer.The primary cancers that most frequently metastasize to bone are breast and prostate cancer (65 - 75 %) amongst many others (thyroid 42 %, lung 36 % or kidney 35 %) (Suva et al., 2011). Although the exact incidence of bone metastases is unknown given its dependence on the type of primary cancer, it is estimated that 350,000 people die of bone metastases annually in the United States.

Gériatrie aux urgences: une sélection de publications récentes [Elderly patients in the emergency department: a selection of some recent publications].

Geriatric patients presenting to the ED are at high risk of mortality as well as of cognitive or functional decline. Thus, ED is an ideal spot for interventions that can improve their outcome. In this article, we summarize six recent studies, regarding the utilization of prognostic evaluation scores in geriatric patients presenting to the ED, adverse drug reactions, the significance of elevated troponin in patients who have remained on the ground after a fall, the rationale of performing head CT in patients without focal neurologic findings after a fall, the ideal treatment of a proximal femoral fracture and the excessive use of urinary catheters in the ED.

Fenologia do coqueiro na zona costeira de Pernambuco

O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar a fenologia do coqueiro em duas cultivares (Anão-amarelo, Anão-verde) e um híbrido (PB 121), na Unidade de Execução de Pesquisa de Itapirema, Goiana, PE. Realizaram-se observações semanais das fases vegetativas e reprodutivas de cinco plantas de cada cultivar e do híbrido, durante o período janeiro/96 a janeiro/97. Dados do balanço hídrico foram utilizados para associar a fenologia às disponibilidades hídricas locais. A quantidade de graus-dia variou entre 266 graus-dia, na estação chuvosa, e 350 graus-dia, na estação seca. Determinou-se o quadrante predominante na emissão de inflorescência e a direção do vento. Estabeleceram-se os índices de fecundação das flores e produção dos frutos. A espécie em estudo é uma planta perenifólia. As cultivares e o híbrido produziram cerca de 11 folhas anualmente. Verificaram-se folhas mortas durante todo o período de observação. Houve floração durante todo o ano. As plantas emitem uma inflorescência/mês, ocasionalmente duas (Anão-amarelo e híbrido), no período seco. As cultivares têm o mesmo número de inflorescências emitidas, mas não o mesmo número de inflorescências desenvolvidas. A floração é do tipo cornucópia. Observaram-se frutos em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento num mesmo espécime e cacho. A direção do vento, assim como o quadrante na emissão de inflorescências estabelecidos foi predominantemente o Sudeste. Houve diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos.

Interruptions of cART limits CD4 T-cell recovery and increases the risk for opportunistic complications and death.

BACKGROUND: A major goal of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-1-infected persons is the recovery of CD4 T lymphocytes, resulting in thorough protection against opportunistic complications. Interruptions of ART are still frequent. The long-term effect on CD4 T-cell recovery and clinical events remains unknown. METHODS: Immunological and clinical endpoints were evaluated in 2491 participants of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study initiating ART during a mean follow-up of 7.1 years. Data were analysed in persons with treatment interruptions (n = 1271; group A), continuous ART, but intermittent HIV-1 RNA at least 1000 copies/ml (n = 469; group B) and continuous ART and HIV-1 RNA constantly less than 1000 copies/ml (n = 751; group C). Risk factors for low CD4 T-cell counts and clinical events were analysed using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: In groups A-C, CD4 T lymphocytes increased to a median of 427, 525 and 645 cells/μl at 8 years. In group A, 63.0 and 37.2% reached above 350 and 500 CD4 T cells/μl, whereas in group B 76.3 and 55.8% and in group C 87.3 and 68.0% reached these thresholds (P < 0.001). CD4 T-cell recovery directly depended on the cumulative duration of treatment interruptions. In addition, participants of group A had more Centers for Disease Control and Prevention B/C events, resulting in an increased risk of death. Major risk factors for not reaching CD4 T cells above 500 cells/μl included lower baseline CD4 T-cell count, higher age and hepatitis C virus co-infection. CONCLUSION: In persons receiving continuous ART larger CD4 T-cell recovery and a reduced risk for opportunistic complications and death was observed. CD4 T-cell recovery was smaller in persons with treatment interruptions more than 6 months.

Arthrogryposis multiplexa congenita: an epidemiologic study of nearly 9 million births in 24 EUROCAT registers.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the occurrence of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) in Europe and to identify possible risk factors. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective population-based epidemiological study using EUROCAT congenital anomaly registries. The study population included all cases of AMC (based on WHO ICD-9 or ICD-10 codes) that were livebirths (LB), fetal deaths (FD) from 20 weeks gestation and underwent termination of pregnancy for fetal anomaly (TOPFA), 1980-2006. RESULTS: Among 8.9 million births covered by 24 EUROCAT congenital anomaly registries, 757 AMC cases were reported. This gives a prevalence of 8.5 per 100,000. Five hundred and four (67%) AMC cases were LB, 199 (26%) cases were TOPFA, and FD occurred in 54 (7%) cases. First week survival status was known for 381 of the 504 LB (76%), of whom 87 (23%) died within the first week of life. Perinatal mortality associated with AMC was 32%. Two hundred and eighty-two (37%) cases had isolated AMC, 90 (12%) had additional syndrome or chromosomal anomalies and 385 (51%) had other major malformations. The same or similar anomaly was reported in 13% of siblings and in 12% of the mother's own family background. Information on prenatal testing was available for 521 cases of which 360 tested positive for a congenital anomaly, representing a sensitivity of 69%. Information on maternal illness before and during pregnancy and medication use in the first trimester was available for approximately a third of the mothers, of whom the vast majority reported no maternal illness or medication use. CONCLUSION: AMC is a rare occurrence, with a reported prevalence of 1:12,000. In this study, while information on potential risk factors such as maternal disease or maternal use of drugs was limited, they did not appear to be associated with the occurrence of AMC. AMC was lethal in a third of cases, either in utero or during the first week of life, although this may not be solely attributed to AMC as most cases had additional malformations.

Iowa Department of Transportation Major Items - Preliminary Quantity Report, February 17, 2015; With Addendums

Weekly letting report.