Collisional quantum interference effect on rotational energy transfer in an atom-diatom system

The theoretical model of collisional quantum interference (CQI) in intramolecular rotational energy transfer is described in an atom-diatom system, based on the first Born approximation of time-dependent perturbation theory and considering a long-range interaction potential. The relation between differential and integral interference angles is obtained. For the CO A(1)Pi (v = 0)/e(3)Sigma (-)(v = 1)-He collision system, the calculated integral interference angles are consistent with the experimental values. The physical significance of interference angle and the essential factors it depends on as well as the influence of the short-range interaction on CQI are discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Changes in nutrient structure of river-dominated coastal waters: stoichiometric nutrient balance and its consequences

We present an analysis of extensive nutrient data sets from two river-dominated coastal ecosystems, the northern Adriatic Sea and the northern Gulf of Mexico, demonstrating significant changes in surface nutrient ratios over a period of 30 years. The silicon:nitrogen ratios have decreased, indicating increased potential for silicon limitation. The nitrogen:phosphorus and the silicon:phosphorus ratios have also changed substantially, and the coastal nutrient structures have become more balanced and potentially less limiting for phytoplankton growth. It is likely that net phytoplankton productivity increased under these conditions and was accompanied by increasing bottom water hypoxia and major changes in community species composition. These findings support the hypothesis that increasing coastal eutrophication to date may be associated with stoichiometric nutrient balance, due to increasing potential for silicon limitation and decreasing potential for nitrogen and phosphorus limitation. On a worldwide basis, coastal ecosystems adjacent to rivers influenced by anthropogenic nutrient loads may experience similar alterations.

下辽河平原潮棕壤稻田的无机态氮淋溶

应用陶土渗滤管法,研究了不同施氮和渗漏条件下潮棕壤稻田的氮淋溶损失。结果表明:稻季各次施用氮肥后,60 cm和90 cm深处渗漏液中NH4+-N含量都小于2 m g/L,并且各施氮肥处理和对照间差别不显著;但硝酸盐淋溶比较显著,多集中在3~15 m g/L之间。硝酸盐淋溶随施氮量增加而增加,90 cm深度渗漏液中这一趋势更为明显。水分渗漏状况影响硝酸盐在不同土层深度的累积:渗水越快,硝酸盐淋溶深度越大。渗水较快或者施氮量高时,硝酸盐的淋溶浓度高于国际饮用水卫生标准10 m g/L。施用基肥后灌水,NH4+-N、NO3--N立即出现高峰,而施用分蘖肥和穗肥后,高峰出现在施肥后10 d或更久;另处基肥时期淋溶氮的浓度也比较高。

新型多功能蔬菜育苗母剂

新型多功能蔬菜育苗母剂多功能蔬菜育苗母剂是中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所最新科研成果，并获国家发明专利，现已被列入辽宁省“九五”期间重点推广计划项目，几年来在全国各地应用效果明显，深受广大菜农欢迎。多功能蔬菜育苗母剂可为菜苗提供全面合理的营养，促进苗齐...

蛭弧菌BDG-9质粒不稳定性研究

本文建立了研究难于单独连续培养的专性蛭弧菌质粒稳定性的方法体系。应用此方法体系发现并证明了在专性蛭弧菌BDG9中所含的质粒pSTⅠ存在着独特的质粒缺失现象,当蛭弧菌BDG9单独培养时,在通常决定质粒稳定性的复制功能和分配功能都正常的情况之下,随着细胞的传代,质粒pSTⅠ逐渐丢失,蛭弧菌的生长繁殖也逐渐停止,表明质粒pSTⅠ的存在对BDG9细胞单独生长有重要作用。

不同土地利用/土地覆盖下土壤粒径分布的分维特征

国家重点基础研究发展规划项目“中国陆地生态系统碳循环及其驱动机制研究”(2002CB412500)资助

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-4.5Zn-xNd (x=0, 1 and 2, wt%) alloys

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-4.5Zn-xNd (x = 0, 1 and 2, wt%) alloys heat-treated at 603 K for 2 It have been investigated. T-phase (an Mg-Zn-Nd ternary phase) was observed in the Nd containing alloys. The optimal mechanical properties were obtained in the Mg-4.5Zn-1Nd alloy, and the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength were 228 and 79 MPa, respectively. Through comparing with the Mg-4.5Zn alloy, the increments of ultimate tensile strength and yield strength were 51 and 17 MPa.

Facile sonochemical synthesis and photoluminescent properties of lanthanide orthophosphate nanoparticles

Uniform lanthanide orthophosphate LnPO(4) (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho) nanoparticles have been systematically synthesized via a facile, fast, efficient ultrasonic irradiation of inorganic salt aqueous solution under ambient conditions without any surfactant or template. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), photoluminescence (PL) spectra as well as kinetic decays were employed to characterize the samples. The SEM and the TEM images show that the hexagonal structured lanthanide orthophosphate LnPO(4) (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd. Sm, Eu, Gd) products have nanorod bundles morphology, while the tetragonal LnPO(4) (Ln = Tb, Dy, Ho) samples prepared under the same experimental conditions are composed of nanoparticles. HRTEM micrographs and SAED results prove that these nanostructures are polycrystalline in nature.

龙胆质谱指纹图谱及化学模式识别方法研究

利用电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)法建立龙胆质谱指纹图谱,研究其中代表性裂环烯醚萜苷类成分的ESI-MS规律。采用甲醇超声法提取龙胆中裂环烯醚萜苷类成分,在正离子方式检测模式下直接进样,应用一级全扫描质谱建立其特征图谱。运用化学模式识别方法对图谱数据进行分析,发现秋季龙胆样品的聚集程度优于春季龙胆样品,根据春季、秋季药材样品的差异,可以对采收期进行区分;裂环烯醚萜苷类成分在二级质谱中易发生脱水、乙酰基、葡萄糖基等。电喷雾质谱法的精密度、稳定性、重现性均符合要求,且具有特征性强、分析速度快、样品用量少等优点。

Synthesis, structure and optical properties of new organic-inorganic haloplumbates complexes (C5H10N3)PbX4 (X = Br, Cl), (C2H2N4)PbBr3

Layered organic-inorganic composite materials (C5H10N3)PbX4 (X = Br 1, Cl 2) containing histaminium dications were grown via a solution-cooling process, and their structure and optical properties were determined. The organic ligand-histaminium introduced into the corner-sharing octahedra of the 'PbX4- layer' contains both primary ammonium and imidazolium different from the traditionally primary amine found in this system. As comparison, another analogous amine of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazol was used as ligand to coordinate with PbBr2 in acid solution. A novel complex (C2H2N4)PbBr3 (3) was obtained with zigzag PbBr2 chains different from the PbX4 layer in compound as 1 and 2. The hybrid (C5H10N3)PbX4 show exciton absorption at 339 nm for X = Cl and 419 nm for X = Br with the corresponding emission at 360 and 436 nm, respectively. The different PbBr2 chain structure of compound 3 does not show photo luminescence.

Synthesis and properties of polyquinolines and polyanthrazolines containing pyrrole units in the main chain

A series of eight new polyquinolines and polyanthrazolines with pyrrole isomeric units in main chain were synthesized and characterized. The new polymers showed high glass transition temperatures (T-g = 242-339 degreesC) and excellent thermal stability (T-5% = 398-536 degreesC in air, TGA). Compared to the series of polyanthrazolines, the series of polyquinolines exhibited higher thermal stability, better solubility in common organic solvents, and lower maximum absorption wavelengths (lambda(max)(a)). Polyanthrazolines with 2,5-pyrrole linkage showed an unusually high lambda(max)(a) (565 nm) and small band gap (2.02 eV). All polymers in solution had low photoluminescence quantum yields between 10(-2%) and 10(-5%) and excited-state lifetimes of 0.28-1.29 ns. The effects of molecular structure, especially pyrrole linkage structures, on the electronic structure, thermodynamics, and some of the optical properties of the polymers were explored. A model of hydrogen bonds in the main chain of the polymers was suggested to explain the difference in the properties of the isomer polymers. In addition, a polyquinoline (PBM) was chosen to examine the proton conductivity; the result indicated that the PBM/H3PO4 complex exhibited a high conductivity of 1.5 x 10(-3) S cm(-1) at 157 degreesC.

Synthesis of polysaccharide-stabilized gold and silver nanoparticles: a green method

A simple, green method was developed for the synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles by using polysaccharides as reducing/stabilizing agents. The obtained positively charged chitosan-stabilized gold nanoparticles and negatively charged heparin-stabilized silver nanoparticles were characterized with UV-vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results illustrated the formation of gold and silver nanoparticles inside the nanoscopic polysaccharide templates. Moreover, the morphology and size distribution of prepared gold and silver nanoparticles varied with the concentration of both the polysaccharides and the precursor metal salts.

Kinetics of reactions of blocked isocyanates

Blocked isocyanates are widely used in many kinds of one-package coatings, powder coatings and adhesives. They have also been used in water-borne polyurethane. The kinetics and mechanism of the reactions of blocked isocyanates are reviewed and two urethane forming reaction mechanisms by which a blocked isocyanate can react with a nucleophile are provided. Furthermore, effects of isocyanate structure, reaction medium, catalyst and functionality on kinetics of blocked isocyanate are discussed in detail.