油水两相管流流量测量研究

利用涡轮流量计测量了油水两相流动时的混合流量,重点研究了油相黏度变化和流量计入口油水相含率变化对测量精度的影响。实验采用了七种不同的油相黏度(50,160,225, 400,700,1100,1450 MPa•s),并在含油率0～100%范围内记录了292组不同油水混合流量下的测量值。研究结果表明,当油相黏度为低黏值50 MPa•s和160 MPa•s时,涡轮流量计的测量误差较小,且不受入口油相含率的影响,绝对误差均在±5%以内。当油相黏度大于225 MPa•s时,随着入口油相含率的增加,误差逐渐增大。当油相黏度进一步提高到1100 MPa•s以上时,涡轮流量计在较低的入口油相含率下进入非线性失效区。

2-C-支链-1,6-脱水吡喃葡萄糖的开环反应及吡喃烯糖的合成研究

在糖化学合成中，1,6-脱水吡喃糖不仅是合成具有生物活性低聚糖、糖共体、抗原、抗体以及天然产物等化合物重要原料，而且还是许多具有生物活性的天然产物的结构单元。同时，它还具有[3,2,1]的双环缩醛结构，使其在糖化学合成中具有高的立体选择性和区域选择性，同时减少了C-1 和C-6 位的保护和去保护的优点。此外，环内的缩醛开环后，又可以相应地在C-1 和C-6 位进行官能团转化以及糖苷化反应。 本文报道了一种新的1,6-脱水吡喃糖的合成方法，并设计合成了2-C-支链-1,6-脱水吡喃葡萄糖1-195、1-197、1-198 以及2-C-支链-6-硫代1,6-脱水吡喃葡萄糖1-225。到目前为止，1,6-脱水糖开环并进行糖苷化反应，存在选择性较差、产率低的缺点。我们发现，在乙腈做溶剂的条件下，NiCl5 能高立体选择性高产率地催化化合物1-195、1-197、1-198 开环并与ROH、RSH 发生糖苷化反应。在NiCl5-乙腈条件下，合成了一系列2-C-支链-α-糖苷和2-C-支链-β-硫代糖苷，并对2-C-支链1,6-脱水吡喃葡萄糖的生成机理以及开环机理进行了探讨。 烯糖在糖化学合成中是重要的起始原料，从Fischer 首次合成烯糖至今，一直不断地有新的合成方法出现。但目前文献报道的方法存在所用试剂有毒、价格贵和操作繁琐等缺点。我们对Fischer-Zach 方法进行了改进， 发现Zn-NaH2PO4-H2O 和Zn-PEG600-H2O 体系都能很好地合成烯糖。该方法具有条件温和、绿色环保、操作简单的优点。在Zn-NaH2PO4 溶液或Zn-PEG600 条件下，以溴代糖为原料，高产率地合成一系列的烯糖。 The 1,6-anhydrohexopyranoses are crucial subunits of myriad bioactive nature products, as well as important syntons of carbohydrate chemistry which have been extensively used to prepare the biologically potential oligosaccharides, glycoconjugates, antibiotics, and structurally varied nature products. Their particular [3.2.1] bicyclic skeleton makes them have high regio- and stereo-control in a variety of reactions, and such structure avoids protecting hydroxyl groups at C1 and C6.Additionally, the cleavage of the internal acetal under acidic conditions could be beneficial for further transformations of functional group and glycosylation of the corresponding pyranosyl sugar at the C6 or C1 site. Herein we developed a novel approach to prepare the 1,6-anhydrohexopyranose, and synthesized the 2-C-branched-1,6-anhydrohexopyranose 1-195, 1-197, 1-198 and 2-C-branched-6-thio-1,6-anhydrohexopyranose 1-225. Until now, glycosylation of 1,6-anhydrohexopyranoses has been limited because of the low yields and low stereoselectivity. In this paper, we found that NiCl5-MeCN system could selectively cleave the ring of 1,6-anhydrohexopyranoses with alcohols and thiols at room temperature in high yields. A series of 2-C-branched-α-glycosides and 2-C-branched-β-thioglycosides have been synthesized via NiCl5-catalyzed. Furthermore, we investigated the formation and ring-opening mechanism of 2-C-acetylmethyl-1,6-anhydrohexopyranose. Glycals are significant starting material in carbohydrate chemistry. After the Fischer-Zach method for forming glucal was reported for the first time, the numerous synthetic methods for glycals have been explored. However, there are several drawbacks in the existing methods, such as the usage of very expensive and toxic reagents, intricate operation, and the influence of acid-sensitive and base-sensitive functional group. We improved the Fischer-Zach method and developed a facile, mild and environmentally benign methodology towards the synthesis of the glycals in Zn-NaH2PO4-H2O or Zn-PEG600-H2O system. Our method involves the treatment of glycosyl bromides with Zn in NaH2PO4 aqueous solution or PEG600-H2O at room temperature, affording various glycals in excellent yields.

SFC和SSC的束流匹配

描述了兰州重离子加速器中两台等时性回旋加速器的匹配现状,提出了几种可达到100%匹配效率的方法并进行了比较,得到了最佳方案.并叙述了该方案其他的优越性.

HIRFL—CSR数字电源控制模块的设计

介绍了一种基于TMS320C6713和FPGA的数字电源控制模块,给出了模块的硬件组成和软件设计。该模块作为一种通用的控制平台,可以根据现场需要来设置相应的参数,实现直流/脉冲电源的控制。测试表明该模块有很高的控制精度,处理能力强,便于网络控制。

辐射诱导的DNA修复与细胞凋亡的ATP调控

综述了DNA辐射损伤导致的细胞阻遏于G1期以及在该时期对DNA的修复活动,提出了较大剂量辐射诱导的三磷酸腺苷不足导致细胞凋亡的假说,并分析了细胞走向凋亡与修复的辨正关系。

在πh_(11/2)νi_(13/2)扁椭球转动带中观测到旋称反转

利用160Gd(35Cl,5nγ)190Tl反应研究了双奇核190Tl的高自旋态,建立了由πh9/2?νi13/2扁椭球转动带和一个具有单粒子激发特征的级联组成的190Tl能级纲图.确定地指定了190Tl扁椭球转动带的自旋值,首次发现了190Tlπh9/2?νi13/2扁椭球转动带的低自旋旋称反转.基于双奇核Tl能级结构的相似性,重新指定了双奇核192~200Tlπh9/2?νi13/2扁椭球转动带能级自旋值,在这些扁椭形变核中均出现了低自旋旋称反转.考虑了p-n剩余相互作用的2-准粒子-转子模型能够定性地解释πh9/2?νi13/2扁椭球转动带出现的低自旋旋称反转现象.

在Intranet中实现电源系统的控制

文章介绍了电源控制系统在以太网中的设计与实现。为了完成在以太网中对电源实施控制和实时监控,采用了COM组件技术和服务技术。借助于组件,允许拥有一定权限的用户从Intranet上直接对多个电源进行远程控制,采用服务实时监控电源状态,将运行情况提交于远端数据库,进行数据交换并提取数据改变电源的运行。在实现控制的过程中,采用了ADO访问远端数据库,WMI访问外部设备。

干草原地区土壤~(137)Cs沉积特征

应用１３７Ｃｓ示踪技术研究了半干旱干草原地区土壤风蚀过程和强度．根据不同地貌和植被条件　下土壤剖面中的１３７Ｃｓ沉积特征与背景值样点的对比分析，认为缓起伏草地和半固定沙丘处于轻度风　蚀与堆积状态，蚀积速率小于０．１０８　ｃｍ／ａ；半流动沙丘表面风沙活动强烈，背风坡堆积速率大于１．３５ｃｍ／ａ．

中能重离子碰撞中的局域平衡讨论

在ＢＵＵ框架下，讨论了中能重离子碰撞过程中的平衡过程，以及相关的物理量，如集体流、温度、化学势．研究发现，一定时间以后达到局域平衡，且中心区域最先达到平衡，同时周边碰撞时也发现存在局域平衡．平衡时温度为５一７ＭｅＶ．

Synthesis and magnetic characterization of nickel ferrite nanoparticles prepared by co-precipitation route

Magnetic nanoparticles of nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) have been synthesized by co-precipitation route using stable ferric and nickel salts with sodium hydroxide as the precipitating agent and oleic acid as the surfactant. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analyses confirmed the formation of single-phase nickel ferrite nanoparticles in the range 8-28 nm depending upon the annealing temperature of the samples during the synthesis. The size of the particles (d) was observed to be increasing linearly with annealing temperature of the sample while the coercivity with particle size goes through a maximum, peaking at similar to 11 nm and then decreases for larger particles. Typical blocking effects were observed below similar to 225 K for all the prepared samples. The superparamagnetic blocking temperature (T-B) was found to be increasing with increasing particle size that has been attributed to the increased effective anisotropy energy of the nanoparticles. The saturation moment of all the samples was found much below the bulk value of nickel ferrite that has been attributed to the disordered surface spins or dead/inert layer in these nanoparticles. (c) 2008 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.