Les derniers écueils vers la parité politique en Belgique: Une analyse des élections régionales de 2004

In Belgium, gender-parity has been compulsory for all party lists (in local, regional, federal and European elections) for several years. As a result, the proportion of women has risen from a fourth up to a third of the deputies. Yet, strict parity is still far from realised. This article seeks to establish what causes this glass ceiling, namely the parties' reluctance to place female candidates in the top positions or even as the front-runner. In a proportional representation system with half-open lists, and especially when the constituencies are small, this automatically leads to a smaller proportion of women among the elected deputies. One important reason for the parties' reluctance to rank female candidates higher is their assumption that women are less effective as "election locomotives" than men. However, the analysis of the Belgian election results makes clear that this is not the case. Female candidates in top positions are as successful as their male counterparts. © (2008) Swiss Political Science Review.

Variations of chlorophyll-a in the northeastern Indian Ocean after the 2004 South Asian tsunami

Analysis of satellite remote sensing data has revealed changes in distribution of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and sea surface temperature (SST) in the Indian Ocean during the South Asian tsunami in December 2004. Chl-a data derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Sea-viewing Wide Field-ofview Sensor (SeaWiFS) images were examined for the period from 1998 to 2005. Around the epicentre of the Sumatra earthquake, the Chl-a concentrationwas found to increase prior to the main event on 26 December 2004 and then decrease during the tsunami event, while a high SST (~30-31°C) was observed in and around the epicentral region. Chl-a concentrations in the coastal waters of the Southeast Asian countries were remarkably low during and after the tsunami. Similar but relatively small variations inChl-a and SST were observed during the second earthquake on 28 March 2005. Analysis of Chl-a, SST, wind and upwelling water has provided information for understanding the changes in Chl-a concentration during the tsunami. A very large offshore phytoplankton bloom (~300 km2) appeared to the southeast of Sri Lanka about 3 weeks after the tsunami; this might have been caused by a tropical storm that could be responsible for the enhancement of nutrients. © 2009 Taylor & Francis.

The HITRAN 2004 molecular spectroscopic database

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Caracterización del régimen agroclimático de heladas para la provincia de Santa Fe durante el período 1979 - 2004

p.53-62

Horas con helada y su peligrosidad en seis localidades de la Argentina

p.217-225

[Book review] Reviews. Peter Aughton, The Transit of Venus: The Brief, Brilliant Life of Jeremiah Horrocks, Father of British Astronomy, Orion, 2004

Book review of: Peter Aughton, The Transit of Venus: The Brief, Brilliant Life of Jeremiah Horrocks, Father of British Astronomy, Orion, 2004, 0-297-84721-x, £18.99.

[Book review] Owen Gingerich, The Book Nobody Read: In Pursuit of the Revolutions of Nicolaus Copernicus, Heinemann, 2004

Tony Mann reviews: Owen Gingerich, The Book Nobody Read: In Pursuit of the Revolutions of Nicolaus Copernicus, Heinemann, 2004, 0-434-01315-3, £12.99.

[Book review] Reviews. Scarlett Thomas, PopCo, London and New York: Fourth Estate, 2004

Book review of: Scarlett Thomas, PopCo, London and New York: Fourth Estate, 2004. 1-84115-763-5, £12.99.

[Review] M. Feistauer, J. Felcman, I. Straskbraba, Mathematical and Computational Methods for Compressible Flow, Oxford Science Publication, Oxford, ISBN 0198505884, 2004 (535pp.)

The growth of computer power allows the solution of complex problems related to compressible flow, which is an important class of problems in modern day CFD. Over the last 15 years or so, many review works on CFD have been published. This book concerns both mathematical and numerical methods for compressible flow. In particular, it provides a clear cut introduction as well as in depth treatment of modern numerical methods in CFD. This book is organised in two parts. The first part consists of Chapters 1 and 2, and is mainly devoted to theoretical discussions and results. Chapter 1 concerns fundamental physical concepts and theoretical results in gas dynamics. Chapter 2 describes the basic mathematical theory of compressible flow using the inviscid Euler equations and the viscous Navier–Stokes equations. Existence and uniqueness results are also included. The second part consists of modern numerical methods for the Euler and Navier–Stokes equations. Chapter 3 is devoted entirely to the finite volume method for the numerical solution of the Euler equations and covers fundamental concepts such as order of numerical schemes, stability and high-order schemes. The finite volume method is illustrated for 1-D as well as multidimensional Euler equations. Chapter 4 covers the theory of the finite element method and its application to compressible flow. A section is devoted to the combined finite volume–finite element method, and its background theory is also included. Throughout the book numerous examples have been included to demonstrate the numerical methods. The book provides a good insight into the numerical schemes, theoretical analysis, and validation of test problems. It is a very useful reference for applied mathematicians, numerical analysts, and practice engineers. It is also an important reference for postgraduate researchers in the field of scientific computing and CFD.

Hazard and risk assessment from Hurricane Ivan (2004) in Grenada using Geographical Information Systems and remote sensing

Hurricanes are destructive storms with strong winds, intense storm surges, and heavy rainfall. The resulting impact from a hurricane can include structural damage to buildings and infrastructure, flooding, and ultimately loss of human life. This paper seeks to identify the impact of Hurricane Ivan on the aected population of Grenada, one of the Caribbean islands. Hurricane Ivan made landfall on 7th September 2004 and resulted in 80% of the population being adversely aected. The methods that were used to model these impacts involved performing hazard and risk assessments using GIS and remote sensing techniques. Spatial analyses were used to create a hazard and a risk map. Hazards were identied initially as those caused by storm surges, severe winds speeds, and flooding events related to Hurricane Ivan. These estimated hazards were then used to create a risk map. An innovative approach was adopted, including the use of hillshading to assess the damage caused by high wind speeds. This paper explains in detail the methodology used and the results produced.

FARM-Africa South Africa Northern Cape land reform and advocacy programme 2004-2008: final evaluation

FARM-Africa South Africa has played a crucial and important role in filling the gap that existed after the return of land to communities by government in the Northern Cape. Their support to farmer communities during the post-settlement phase has been critical for making productive use of land. During 2004-2008, FARM-SA has worked in 20 community projects in the Northern Cape, benefiting 745 poor households.

Public sector pay in the UK: has the historic pattern of public/private sector pay movements been broken?

The historic pattern of public sector pay movements in the UK has been counter-cyclical with private sector pay growth. Periods of relative decline in public sector pay against private sector movements have been followed by periods of ‘catch-up’ as Government controls are eased to remedy skill shortages or deal with industrial unrest among public servants. Public sector ‘catch up’ increases have therefore come at awkward times for Government, often coinciding with economic downturn in the private sector (Trinder 1994, White 1996, Bach 2002). Several such epochs of public sector pay policy can be identified since the 1970s. The question is whether the current limits on public sector pay being imposed by the UK Government fit this historic pattern or whether the pattern has been broken and, if so, how and why? This paper takes a historical approach in considering the context to public sector pay determination in the UK. In particular the paper seeks to review the period since Labour came into office (White and Hatchett 2003) and the various pay ‘modernisation’ exercises that have been in process over the last decade (White 2004). The paper draws on national statistics on public sector employment and pay levels to chart changes in public sector pay policy and draws on secondary literature to consider both Government policy intentions and the impact of these policies for public servants.

Verhältnismäßig trivial

Zwischen pädagogischem Hochamt und Etikettierungs-Ressourcen-Dilemma: Wer selbst unterrichtet, merkt schnell, dass es weder allein in das Belieben des einzelnen Erwachsenen noch des Jugendlichen und auch nicht von diesen beiden nur gestellt ist, wie sie ihr pädagogisches Verhältnis regeln, wie sie ihre Beziehungen aushandeln, gestalten und einschätzen. „Wir müssen zu ihnen in Beziehung treten, und mit ihnen kommunizieren.“ (Fornefeld 1999). Dies erfordert „eine verantwortlich handelnde Erzieherpersönlichkeit, (die sich) um den reinen Begriff der Erziehung und Bildung schöpferisch bemüht“ (Klein 2001). Der hohe Ton pädagogischer Beziehung in Tateinheit mit Lebensweltorientierung wird allerdings durch eine eher triviale Frage relativiert, nämlich nach der Kontinuität personeller Ressourcen als Ermöglichungsgrund für Beziehungen. Es geht um die alltägliche Verlässlichkeit und Nachhaltigkeit, mit der die Beziehungs-Ressourcen bereit gestellt werden; nicht zufällig ist derlei verfasst in Ausdrücken wie Beschulungsdauer, Schulöffnungs- und Unterrichtszeiten, Klassenteiler, Schullastenausgleich, usw. Im Anschluss an Giesecke und Richter lässt sich dieser Sachverhalt gelassen formulieren: Professionelles Handeln als bezahlte Tätigkeit ist zeitlich und räumlich begrenzt. Wenn ein ‚Beziehungsanspruch’ besteht, dann nur während der Öffnungszeiten der Schule. Solche Beziehungen gehen die Professionellen nicht im rechtsfreien Raum ein (Richter 2004). Das Zustandekommen dieser Beziehungen ist ein Rechtsgut und kann von einer unbegrenzten Anzahl von Personen reklamiert werden. (vgl. Giesecke 1997, S. 246 ff). In unserem Land ‚erwirbt’ sich ein Kind oder ein Jugendlicher einen erweiterten Anspruch durch den fest gestellten sonderpädagogischen Förderbedarf. Ist es Zufall, wenn der Zusammenhang zwischen personellen und sächlichen Ressourcen und Etikettierung in der moralischen Kategorie des ‚Dilemmas’ gefasst wird (Bleidick/Rath/Schuck 1995; Kornmann 1994).