De las competencias básicas a las competencias profesionales transversales. Aportaciones desde el ámbito de la educación física.

En el ámbito de la educación superior empieza a adquirir relevancia el debate sobre las competencias, que relaciona directamente la cultura universitaria con el aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida y el mundo del trabajo. En este artículo se parte de un marco teórico actual sobre el concepto de competencias en el contexto de la OCDE, y cómo éste se ha ido incorporando a nuestro sistema educativo y a la formación universitaria. En un futuro próximo, bajo el marco del EEES, la formación inicial de maestros y maestras deberá vertebrarse en torno a la adquisición de competencias profesionales: específicas y transversales. Al margen de un proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje centrado en laactividad del alumnado, este hecho también supondrá concebir planes de estudio contextualizados con el marco curricular vigente y con la realidad social de las aulas.Por todo ello consideramos oportuno describir el proceso que, en este sentido, está siguiendo la Facultad de Formación del Profesorado de la Universidad de Barcelona. En concreto mostramos cómo se está afrontando el reto de seleccionar y definir las competencias profesionales transversales. Asimismo también reflexionamos en torno a lo que nuestra disciplina puede aportar a la hora de seleccionar, definir y fomentar estas competencias que, en cierto modo, pueden y deben ser asumidas por todas las áreas de conocimiento que desarrollarán el título de primaria.

Socio-economic inequalities in reported depression in Spain : a decomposition approach

Recent evidence questions some conventional view on the existence of income-related inequalities in depression suggesting in turn that other determinants might be in place, such as activity status and educational attainment. Evidence of socio-economic inequalities is especially relevant in countries such as Spain that have a limited coverage of mental health care and are regionally heterogeneous. This paper aims at measuring and explaining the degree of socio-economic inequality in reported depression in Spain. We employ linear probability models to estimate the concentration index and its decomposition drawing from 2003 edition of the Spanish National Health Survey, the most recent representative health survey in Spain. Our findings point towards the existence of avoidable inequalities in the prevalence of reported depression. However, besides ¿pure income effects¿ explaining 37% of inequality, economic activity status (28%), education (15%) and demographics (15%) play also a key encompassing role. Although high income implies higher resources to invest and cure (mental) illness, environmental factors influencing in peoples perceived social status act as indirect path as explaining the prevalence of depression. Finally, we find evidence of a gender effect, gender social-economic inequality in income is mainly avoidable.

Managérialisation et Etat social : satisfaction et motivation d'intervenants et d'intervenantes socio-éducatives dans des contextes plus ou moins managérialisés

La contribution d'Yves Emery et Julien Niklaus étudie les effets du new managerialism dans le secteur social. Les nouveaux outils de pilotage ont profondément transformé les conditions cadres du travail social, de l'organisation des tâches ainsi que de l'action professionnelle. Les auteurs cherchent à savoir dans quelle mesure ces transformations influencent la motivation et la satisfaction au travail des travailleurs et travailleuses sociales. Ils comparent deux institutions présentant des degrés différents de managérialisation et constatent, avec surprise, une motivation supérieure dans les organisations davantage managérialisées, alors que la satisfaction au travail ne présente pas de différences.

Socio-demographic and behavioural determinants of weight gain in the Swiss population.

BackgroundIn Switzerland, socio-demographic and behavioural factors are associated with obesity, but no study ever assessed their impact on weight gain using prospective data.MethodsData from 4,469 participants (53.0% women), aged 35 to 75 years at baseline and followed for 5.5 years. Weight gain was considered as a rate (kg/year) or as gaining ¿5 kg during the study period.ResultsRate of weight gain was lower among participants who were older (mean¿±¿standard deviation: 0.46¿±¿0.92, 0.33¿±¿0.88, 0.21¿±¿0.86 and 0.06¿±¿0.74 kg/year in participants aged [35-45[, [45-55[, [55¿65[and [65+ years, respectively, P<0.001); physically active (0.27¿±¿0.82 vs. 0.35¿±¿0.95 kg/year for sedentary, P¿<¿0.005) or living in a couple (0.29¿±¿0.84 vs. 0.35¿±¿0.96 kg/year for living single, P¿<¿0.05), and higher among current smokers (0.41¿±¿0.97, 0.26¿±¿0.84 and 0.29±0.85 kg/year for current, former and never smokers, respectively, p<0.001). These findings were further confirmed by multivariable analysis. Multivariable logistic regression showed that receiving social help, being a current smoker or obese increased the likelihood of gaining ¿5Kg: Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43 (1.16-1.77); 1.63 (1.35-1.95) and 1.95 (1.57-2.43), respectively, while living in couple or being physically active decreased the risk: 0.73 (0.62-0.86) and 0.72 (0.62-0.83), respectively. No association was found between weight gain and gender, being born in Switzerland or education.ConclusionsIn Switzerland, financial difficulties (indicated by receiving social help) and current smoking were associated with increases in body weight over a 5 years follow-up. Living in couple, being older or physically active were protective against weight gain.

Self-organized evolution in a socio-economic environment

We propose a general scenario to analyze technological changes in socio-economic environments. We illustrate the ideas with a model that incorporating the main trends is simple enough to extract analytical results and, at the same time, sufficiently complex to display a rich dynamic behavior. Our study shows that there exists a macroscopic observable that is maximized in a regime where the system is critical, in the sense that the distribution of events follow power laws. Computer simulations show that, in addition, the system always self-organizes to achieve the optimal performance in the stationary state.

Da (contra)normatividade do cotidiano escolar: problematizando discursos sobre a indisciplina discente

O artigo ambiciona colocar em causa a proliferação discursiva contemporânea em torno das condutas do alunado tidas como indisciplinadas, situando-a, em diálogo com a conceituação foucaultiana, no interior de um quadro socio-histórico e institucional atravessado por demandas multiformes de governamento dos sujeitos escolares. Para tanto, o texto oferece primeiramente uma configuração preliminar da produção acadêmica brasileira sobre a temática disciplinar nas últimas três décadas, bem como problematiza os nortes teórico-metodológicos da investigação voltada ao âmbito (contra)normativo do cotidiano escolar. Em seguida, apresenta os resultados de uma investigação baseada nos registros das ocorrências disciplinares que tomaram lugar no ensino médio de uma escola pública na cidade de São Paulo, num intervalo de cinco anos (2003-2007). Por fim, opera algumas aproximações analíticas do problema, apontando que se as queixas disciplinares parecem ser, num primeiro momento, solidárias a uma espécie de esgarçadura do modus operandi escolar clássico, num segundo momento, elas passam a apontar para a irrupção de modos sutis de controle das condutas não apenas discentes, mas também dos profissionais, de modo consoante aos processos de governamentalização em ação na contemporaneidade.

El Pensamiento sanitario y laboral de dos medicos anarquistas del siglo XIX

Amb motiu del I Congrès Català de Medicina del treball, els autors recullen textos dispersos d'autors diversos del segle XIX en què podem observar una mateixa finalitat: la d'estudiar i resoldre problemes mèdico-laborals i de sanitat col·lectiva.

Socio-economic inequalities in reported depression in Spain : a decomposition approach

Recent evidence questions some conventional view on the existence of income-related inequalities in depression suggesting in turn that other determinants might be in place, such as activity status and educational attainment. Evidence of socio-economic inequalities is especially relevant in countries such as Spain that have a limited coverage of mental health care and are regionally heterogeneous. This paper aims at measuring and explaining the degree of socio-economic inequality in reported depression in Spain. We employ linear probability models to estimate the concentration index and its decomposition drawing from 2003 edition of the Spanish National Health Survey, the most recent representative health survey in Spain. Our findings point towards the existence of avoidable inequalities in the prevalence of reported depression. However, besides ¿pure income effects¿ explaining 37% of inequality, economic activity status (28%), education (15%) and demographics (15%) play also a key encompassing role. Although high income implies higher resources to invest and cure (mental) illness, environmental factors influencing in peoples perceived social status act as indirect path as explaining the prevalence of depression. Finally, we find evidence of a gender effect, gender social-economic inequality in income is mainly avoidable.

Aplicación de las licencias de Creative Commons en el ámbito educativo

En este texto se presentan las licencias que ofrece la organización Creative Commons para gestionar los derechos de propiedad intelectual de una manera distinta al tradicional “todos los derechos reservados”. Estas licencias inspiradas en el movimientodel software libre se ofrecen gratuitamente para todos aquellos autores que quieran compartir sus obras permitiendo determinados usos con algunas condiciones sin tener que pedir permiso previo. Además se hace un repaso a la aplicación de estas licencias en el ámbito educativo mostrando ejemplos y analizando su uso con respecto al tipo de proyecto y el tipo de licencias.

Deporte y modernización en el ámbito mediterráneo. Reflexiones para una historia comparada (1870-1925)

The authors point out the main lines of the development of sportive practices on Mediterranean countries, during XX th century. They also expose some methodological issues as a contribute to the making of a social and cultural history of sports.

Deporte y modernización en el ámbito mediterráneo. Reflexiones para una historia comparada (1870-1925)

The authors point out the main lines of the development of sportive practices on Mediterranean countries, during XX th century. They also expose some methodological issues as a contribute to the making of a social and cultural history of sports.