Educação física na 4ª série do ensino fundamental das escolas Governador Freitas Neto e Colégio Lerote da cidade de Teresina-PI : a relação entre leitura e expressão corporal

RESUMO:O hábito de ler é decorrente do exercício e nem sempre se constitui num ato prazeroso, porém, sempre necessário. Por este motivo se deve recorrer a estímulos para criar o hábito de leitura em nossos alunos. Desta forma, a disciplina de Educação Física pode também contribuir para este processo. Por ser uma disciplina que envolve a dimensão motora, cognitiva e expressionista, a sua relação com a leitura é quase que intrínseca, porém, viabilizada de formas diferentes. É certo que a criança não conseguirá na sua totalidade, uma absorção intelectual explícita da leitura para construir uma realidade virtual e representar em gestos corporais, a partir de um conjunto léxico de significantes e significados correspondentes à postura física. No entanto, o exercício da leitura desenvolve na criança capacidades cognitivas de mais valia que lhe possibilita níveis satisfatórios de representatividade corporal. As atividades recreativas oferecem, sem dúvida, um processo excepcional para fazer as crianças tomarem parte ativamente no processo do ensino, como participantes, em vez de meros espectadores. A proposta deste trabalho de intervenção busca auxiliar o professor de Educação Física no campo de atuação profissional do pesquisador, tendo como delimitação do campo de investigação o Centro de Educação Básica Governador Freitas Neto, escola da rede municipal de Educação de Teresina e, Colégio Lerote, da rede particular de Teresina. Deste modo, os objetivos do presente estudo consistem em analisar as contribuições da disciplina de Educação Física para a aprendizagem do ensino da prática de leitura com crianças do Ensino Fundamental, nas séries iniciais com escolas da rede municipal e particular da cidade de Teresina – Piauí. Concluiu-se que com um trabalho integrado da Educação Física com o processo de alfabetização nas primeiras séries do Ensino Fundamental, essa etapa pode ser vista de forma rica e ampla. Assim, com essa contribuição, aprender a ler e escrever pode, pois, se tornar mais natural e mais divertido. ABSTRACT: The habit of reading is a result of exercise and is not always a pleasurable act, but always necessary. For this reason one should resort to incentives to create the reading habit in our students. Thus, the discipline of Physical Education can also contribute to this process. Because it is a discipline that involves the size motor, cognitive and expressionistic, their relationship with reading that is almost inherent, however, made possible in different ways. It is true that the child can not in its entirety, an explicit intellectual absorption of reading to construct a virtual reality and represented body gestures from a whole lexicon of signifiers and meanings corresponding to the physical posture. However, the exercise of reading the child develops cognitive abilities that enables him to gain more satisfactory levels of representative body. The recreational activities offer, no doubt, an exceptional procedure to make the children take part actively in the process of education, as participants rather than spectators. The purpose of this intervention work intends to help the physical education teacher in the professional field of research, with the delimitation of the field of research the Centre for Basic Education Governador Freitas Neto, the municipal school of Teresina and Education, College Lerote, from private Teresina. Thus, the objectives of this study are to analyze the contributions of physical education for learning the practice of teaching reading with children of elementary school, in the early grades with municipal schools and particularly the city of Teresina - Piauí. It was concluded that with an integrated physical education with the acquisition of literacy in the early grades of elementary school, this step can be seen in a rich and broad. So, with this contribution, learning to read and write may therefore become more natural and fun.

''Com e no grupo, eu consigo aprender'': uma experiência de aprendizagem cooperativa, numa turma de 3º ano

RESUMO: Este Trabalho de Projecto foi desenvolvido numa turma de 3º ano de escolaridade que integrava quatro alunos considerados com necessidades educativas especiais, que, apesar de estarem na mesma sala de aula dos colegas, estavam afastados, ao fundo da sala, num subgrupo a desenvolver actividades diferenciadas na turma. A par desta situação, a encarregada de educação de dois destes alunos, com diagnóstico de deficiência mental, mostrava-se insatisfeita com o trabalho desenvolvido na escola. A intervenção assentou numa metodologia de planificação - acção – reflexão contínua (metodologia de investigação-acção) e em estratégias de aprendizagem cooperativa. Conseguiram-se resultados positivos nos diferentes contextos de intervenção, provando a eficácia da aprendizagem cooperativa e da acção/reflexão/acção que poderão ser desenvolvidas noutras situações com os ajustes necessários à sua especificidade. ABSTRACT: This Project work was developed in a 3rd year class which integrated four pupils with special educational needs, who, despite being in the same class with other colleagues, were apart from the class at the end of the room in a sub-group developing differentiated activities. Aware of this situation, one parent responsible for the education of two of these students, children with intellectual and developmental difficulties, showed to be unsatisfied with the work done at school. The intervention assented in a planning - action - reflection methodology (investigation - action methodology) and in cooperative learning strategies. We have accomplished positive results in different intervention contexts, proving the efficiency of cooperative learning and action/reflection/action which could be developed in other situations with the necessary adjusts according to its specificity.

Integrated educational opportunities in the Universal Museum: five ways forward

Whatever the other characteristics of the universal museum, education must be one of its core functions. That is, education both of regular visitors and those who are not but who are members of the local, regional or national communities served by the museum. In this sense, universal refers to making the museum accessible to all: accessible physically and intellectually. This relates to what I mean by education. It is far broader than what takes place between teachers and pupils in a formal setting. Education is also about providing environments where people will be inspired or provoked to know, to question. To reflect about themselves and the wider human and natural world. A universal museum should be a great facilitator of these learning processes. In this paper I shall focus on five ways in which there can be integration of educational opportunities in the universal museum. For examples to illustrate these themes I shall draw on practices in a small sample of museums in Europe and the USA.

A aprendizagem da literatura Brasileira no ensino médio : possibilidades do Seminário Temático

O presente estudo é resultado de um trabalho inserido no contexto de uma pesquisa-ação desenvolvida no Instituto Federal de Sergipe- IFS, visando solucionar as dificuldades de aprendizagem apresentadas pelos alunos durante as aulas de Literatura Brasileira. A investigação tem como objeto a reflexão acerca da estratégia do Seminário Temático utilizada como método de ensino da referida disciplina, fundamentando-se, para tanto, no aporte teórico de autores como Carvalho (1979), Cândido (1995), Zilberman (2003), Veiga (2003), Morais (2005), Libâneo (2009), dentre outros que abordam não somente esta temática, mas também o ensino de Literatura, como os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (2002). Os sujeitos da pesquisa, em número de 82, foram alunos da 2ª série do Ensino Médio dos Cursos Integrados de Eletrônica, Informática e Química, que participaram respondendo a um questionário composto de dez questões abertas, onde manifestaram suas opiniões pessoais sobre a importância do ensino da Literatura, o Seminário como método didático, abordagens dos textos literários e a contribuição do Seminário tanto na formação da cultura individual e de ações sociais, quanto na aprendizagem da Literatura Brasileira e no estímulo à pesquisa. Partindo-se do objetivo geral de investigar a contribuição do Seminário Temático no processo de aprendizagem da Literatura Brasileira desses alunos à luz da dinâmica de sala de aula, optou-se pela metodologia da análise de conteúdo para enfatizar os aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos do material levantado. Os resultados demonstraram que os discentes valorizaram as experiências vivenciadas ao afirmarem que, no âmbito das atividades do Seminário Temático, adquiriram de forma dinâmica os conhecimentos propostos pela disciplina, validando assim a escolha do trabalho sistemático com tal estratégia metodológica.

A aprendizagem cooperativa como estratégia promotora de inclusão no 1º Ciclo

Deste Trabalho de projeto faz parte uma intervenção junto de uma turma que inclui um aluno considerado com necessidades educativas especiais. A intervenção ocorreu numa turma do 1º ano de escolaridade, numa escola de uma cidade do Alto Alentejo, onde está o aluno desencadeador da nossa ação, diagnosticado com a Síndrome de Prader-Willi. Considerando que a intervenção necessita de ser fundamentada em pressupostos teóricos que sustentem as opções realizadas, no enquadramento teórico são tratados os temas: inclusão, organização e funcionamento da educação especial, aprendizagem cooperativa e estratégias na sala de aula e por último a síndrome de Prader-willi. Relativamente ao enquadramento metodológico, atendendo ao facto da investigação ser realizada numa turma onde vamos intervir, leva a que se trate de uma investigação em que a componente reflexiva teve um papel decisivo em todas as fases do trabalho, tendo-se optado por uma metodologia qualitativa assente nos princípios da investigação-ação. Utilizámos diversos métodos para a recolha de dados, nomeadamente a análise documental, a observação naturalista, a entrevista e a sociometria, o que nos permitiu recolher várias perspetivas sobre o mesmo contexto e proceder a cruzamentos entre elas. Da caracterização da turma, do aluno e dos contextos, partimos para uma intervenção estruturada, numa dinâmica de planificação, ação, avaliação e reflexão, geradora de práticas educativas diferenciadas e inclusivas. Pretendemos, com a intervenção, criar uma dinâmica cooperativa e de colaboração no grupo da turma, para que se alcance uma situação de inclusão educativa, em que os alunos aprendem todos e com todos, para conseguirem obter sucesso educativo. Os resultados obtidos indicam-nos que o aluno está incluído e que ao longo das sessões de trabalho foi mantendo um nível de interação mais positivo com os colegas. As atividades desenvolvidas tiveram impacto sobre todos os alunos e não apenas sobre o aluno desencadeador da ação.

Cooperative learning: a guide for teachers of the deaf

This paper examines cooperative learning, a strategy of teaching in which students work together in groups, thus acquiring both academic and social skills

Distributional semantics and machine learning for statistical machine translation

[EU]Lan honetan semantika distribuzionalaren eta ikasketa automatikoaren erabilera aztertzen dugu itzulpen automatiko estatistikoa hobetzeko. Bide horretan, erregresio logistikoan oinarritutako ikasketa automatikoko eredu bat proposatzen dugu hitz-segiden itzulpen- probabilitatea modu dinamikoan modelatzeko. Proposatutako eredua itzulpen automatiko estatistikoko ohiko itzulpen-probabilitateen orokortze bat dela frogatzen dugu, eta testuinguruko nahiz semantika distribuzionaleko informazioa barneratzeko baliatu ezaugarri lexiko, hitz-cluster eta hitzen errepresentazio bektorialen bidez. Horretaz gain, semantika distribuzionaleko ezagutza itzulpen automatiko estatistikoan txertatzeko beste hurbilpen bat lantzen dugu: hitzen errepresentazio bektorial elebidunak erabiltzea hitz-segiden itzulpenen antzekotasuna modelatzeko. Gure esperimentuek proposatutako ereduen baliagarritasuna erakusten dute, emaitza itxaropentsuak eskuratuz oinarrizko sistema sendo baten gainean. Era berean, gure lanak ekarpen garrantzitsuak egiten ditu errepresentazio bektorialen mapaketa elebidunei eta hitzen errepresentazio bektorialetan oinarritutako hitz-segiden antzekotasun neurriei dagokienean, itzulpen automatikoaz haratago balio propio bat dutenak semantika distribuzionalaren arloan.

The effectiveness of assessment learning objects produced using pair programming

Pair Programming is a technique from the software development method eXtreme Programming (XP) whereby two programmers work closely together to develop a piece of software. A similar approach has been used to develop a set of Assessment Learning Objects (ALO). Three members of academic staff have developed a set of ALOs for a total of three different modules (two with overlapping content). In each case a pair programming approach was taken to the development of the ALO. In addition to demonstrating the efficiency of this approach in terms of staff time spent developing the ALOs, a statistical analysis of the outcomes for students who made use of the ALOs is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the ALOs produced via this method.

An Integrated Traffic and Pedestrian Model_based Vision System

The paper describes a novel integrated vision system in which two autonomous visual modules are combined to interpret a dynamic scene. The first module employs a 3D model-based scheme to track rigid objects such as vehicles. The second module uses a 2D deformable model to track non-rigid objects such as people. The principal contribution is a novel method for handling occlusion between objects within the context of this hybrid tracking system. The practical aim of the work is to derive a scene description that is sufficiently rich to be used in a range of surveillance tasks. The paper describes each of the modules in outline before detailing the method of integration and the handling of occlusion in particular. Experimental results are presented to illustrate the performance of the system in a dynamic outdoor scene involving cars and people.

Controlling nitrate pollution: an integrated approach

The introduction of the EU Water Framework Directive requires policy to address non-point source pollution as part of an overall integrated strategy to improve the ecological status of water bodies. In this paper, we combine an economic optimisation framework with a dynamic simulation model of N transport in the Kennet Catchment to link decisions taken at the farm level to reductions in nitrate concentrations in the River Kennet. We examine a variety of policies targeted at reducing fertiliser use and changing the way in which farm land is used. We find that a tax on nitrogen emerges as the best policy both in terms of cost- and environmental effectiveness. Such a policy involves a considerable reduction in fertiliser use, as well as, a restructuring of land-use away from arable towards increased use of set-aside. Budgetary implications of such a radical move towards set-aside would be huge and hence unlikely to be politically palatable given the objective of reducing the EU budgetary allocation to agriculture. Additionally, the current rise in world demand for food may also mitigate calls for increasing the proportion of land taken out of agricultural production. Although the study succeeds in establishing a link between actions on the farm and nitrate concentrations in the stream water, further work is required to explore the effect of the retention of nitrates in the unsaturated zone and groundwater on this link.

Becoming skilled: The cultural and corporeal geographies of teaching and learning Thai Yoga massage

This paper explores the process of learning an embodied knowledge using the work of Dreyfus and Deleuze. Although geographers have begun to acknowledge the role of embodied knowledges in social life, there have been few in-depth case studies of how these skills are learned. This paper offers a case study of Thai Yoga massage (TYM), a ‘complementary and alternative therapy’ which is growing in popularity in the United Kingdom. Having outlined the case study, the paper explores the cultural geographies of the formalisation, documentation and contestation of the set of techniques that have come to cohere in the UK as TYM. The paper then interrogates the messy corporeal geographies of learning a skill, and briefly considers how more advanced practitioners experience their skilled practice.

Interdisciplinarity: perceptions of the value of computer-supported collaborative work in design for the built environment

This paper presents the findings from a study into the current exploitation of computer-supported collaborative working (CSCW) in design for the built environment in the UK. The research is based on responses to a web-based questionnaire. Members of various professions, including civil engineers, architects, building services engineers, and quantity surveyors, were invited to complete the questionnaire. The responses reveal important trends in the breadth and size of project teams at the same time as new pressures are emerging regarding team integration and efficiency. The findings suggest that while CSCW systems may improve project management (e.g., via project documentation) and the exchange of information between team members, it has yet to significantly support those activities that characterize integrated collaborative working between disparate specialists. The authors conclude by combining the findings with a wider discussion of the application of CSCW to design activity-appealing for CSCW to go beyond multidisciplinary working to achieve interdisciplinary working.

Innovative use of vodcast (Video-Podcast) to enrich learning experience in structures laboratory

Students may have difficulty in understanding some of the complex concepts which they have been taught in the general areas of science and engineering. Whilst practical work such as a laboratory based examination of the performance of structures has an important role in knowledge construction this does have some limitations. Blended learning supports different learning styles, hence further benefits knowledge building. This research involves an empirical study of how vodcasts (video-podcasts) can be used to enrich learning experience in the structural properties of materials laboratory of an undergraduate course. Students were given the opportunity of downloading and viewing the vodcasts on the theory before and after the experimental work. It is the choice of the students when (before or after, before and after) and how many times they would like to view the vodcasts. In blended learning, the combination of face-to-face teaching, vodcasts, printed materials, practical experiments, writing reports and instructors’ feedbacks benefits different learning styles of the learners. For the preparation of the practical, the students were informed about the availability of the vodcasts prior to the practical session. After the practical work, students submitted an individual laboratory report for the assessment of the structures laboratory. The data collection consisted of a questionnaire completed by the students, follow-up semi-structured interviews and the practical reports submitted by them for assessment. The results from the questionnaire were analysed quantitatively, whilst the data from the assessment reports were analysed qualitatively. The analysis shows that most of the students who have not fully grasped the theory after the practical, managed to gain the required knowledge by viewing the vodcasts. According to their feedbacks, the students felt that they have control over how to use the material and to view it as many times as they wish. Some students who have understood the theory may choose to view it once or not at all. Their understanding was demonstrated by their explanations in their reports, and was illustrated by the approach they took to explicate the results of their experimental work. The research findings are valuable to instructors who design, develop and deliver different types of blended learning, and are beneficial to learners who try different blended approaches. Recommendations were made on the role of the innovative application of vodcasts in the knowledge construction for structures laboratory and to guide future work in this area of research.

Blended learning approach to include the innovative use of vodcasts (video-podcasts) to enrich students learning experience in structures laboratory

Students may have difficulty in understanding some of the complex concepts which they have been taught in the general areas of science and engineering. Whilst practical work such as a laboratory based examination of the performance of structures has an important role in knowledge construction this does have some limitations. Blended learning supports different learning styles, hence further benefits knowledge building. This research involves the empirical studies of how an innovative use of vodcasts (video-podcasts) can enrich learning experience in the structural properties of materials laboratory of an undergraduate course. Students were given the opportunity of downloading and viewing the vodcasts on the theory before and after the experimental work. It is the choice of the students when (before or after, before and after) and how many times they would like to view the vodcasts. In blended learning, the combination of face-to-face teaching, vodcasts, printed materials, practical experiments, writing reports and instructors’ feedbacks benefits different learning styles of the learners. For the preparation of the practical laboratory work, the students were informed about the availability of the vodcasts prior to the practical session. After the practical work, students submit an individual laboratory report for the assessment of the structures laboratory. The data collection consists of a questionnaire completed by the students, and the practical reports submitted by them for assessment. The results from the questionnaire were analysed quantitatively, whilst the data from the assessment reports were analysed qualitatively. The analysis shows that students who have not fully grasped the theory after the practical were successful in gaining the required knowledge by viewing the vodcasts. Some students who have understood the theory may choose to view it once or not at all. Their understanding was demonstrated by the quality of their explanations in their reports. This is illustrated by the approach they took to explicate the results of their experimental work, for example, they can explain how to calculate the Young’s Modulus properly and provided the correct value for it. The research findings are valuable to instructors who design, develop and deliver different types of blended learning, and beneficial to learners who try different blended approaches. Recommendations were made on the role of the innovative application of vodcasts in the knowledge construction for structures laboratory and to guide future work in this area of research.