Dominancia y distribución de plántulas del Cerro Verde

Mediante el uso de la línea Candfield, se hace un muestreo de plántulas en el Cerro Verde a una altitud que va de los 1,930 a 2,036 m.s.n.m. Considerándose como plántulas desde unos escasos centímetros de altura, hasta cuya etapa de floración no se ha iniciado todavía. De cada plántula se consideran tres aspectos; diámetro del tallo, área de cobertura y altura. Se determina el índice de valor de importancia para cada especie. Las especies dominantes resultaron ser: Roupala borealis Hemls. En los núcleos: N,S,E,W,NW,SE y SW y en la ladera Noreste fue Oreopanax xalapensis.

Calidad de plántulas de tres especies forrajeras (Moringa oleifera Lam., Leucaena leucocephala y Cajanus cajan) en condiciones de vivero

Con el objetivo de caracterizar el comportamiento inicial de Moringa oleifera y profundizar en las ventajas de esta especie, en comparación con otras forrajeras de rápido crecimiento (Leucaena leucocephala y Cajanus cajan); se realizó en el vivero de la Facultad de Recursos Naturales y del Ambiente, un ensayo en diseño completamente aleatorio con 20 repeticiones por especie. Se realizó un conteo diario de germinación por un periodo de tres semanas (21 días); mientras patrones de crecimiento fueron terminados a partir de evaluaciones semanales de diámetro basal y raíz, longitud de tallo y raíz, y número de raíces secundarias; así como producción de biomasa expresada en peso seco y peso fresco de la parte área y radicular, en muestra de ocho plantas destruidas semanalmente. La comparación en el desempeño de cada especie fue contrasta da mediante el uso de índices de calidad de plantas. Los resultados muestran ventajas de la especie M. oleifera para la mayoría de variables; solo superado en el número de raíces secundarias por las dos especies en estudio. Los índices de calidad sugieren pocos problemas de establecimiento en campo para las especies M. oleifera y L. leucocephala como producto del rápido crecimiento, y aun con la desigual proporción en la relación tallo-raíz, y biomasa. Los valores de calidad registrados para cada especie pueden ser modificados a través de prácticas silviculturales en las plantas en el vivero.

Quitosana na indução de resistência ao tombamento de plântulas de espécies olerícolas e no controle de fitopatógenos in vitro

Induction of resistance is defined as the activation of a state of resistance against diseases which is induced systemically in plants by the use of biotic or abiotic agents without any modification of the plant genome, occurring non-specific way, by activating genes coding for various plant defense responses. Chitosan is a polymer derived from the deacetylation of chitin, which is found in large quantities in crustacean shell, and studied with the potential to control plant pathogens, both by its direct fungistatic action, as the ability to induce protection of plants, indicating the presence of molecules of elicitoras characteristics. Three experiments with objective of evaluating the potential of chitosan in the seedling resistance induction were developed, beet (Beta vulgaris) seeds, cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seeds and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seeds, and the control of Fusarium sp., Rhizoctonia solani K¨uhn e Pythium sp. in vitro conditions. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications. Beet seeds, tomato and cucumber were submerged in chitosan solution for 20 minutes, in concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2% in the control and distilled water. Seeds were sown in trays containing Plantmax Florestalr substrate sterilized and inoculated with Fusarium sp., Rhizoctonia solani K¨unh and Pythium sp., respectively for the three cultures. The experiment was conducted for 14 days in growth chamber with controlled temperature (25 C 2 C), light (12 hour photoperiod) and humidity (70% 10%). The evaluations were seed emergency, seedling damping-off, seedling length, fresh weight and activity of the enzymes phenylalanine amˆonia-liase (PAL), chitinase and b-1,3-glucanase. It was also rated the mycelial growth of Fusarium sp., Pythium sp. and R. solani on P.D.A. (Potato-Dextrose and Agar) culture medium containing chitosan at the same concentrations evaluated in seeds. For beet growing, seed treatment with chitosan presented higher emergence and the length of the seedlings, and reduced the percentage of tipping. Treatment with chitosan activated the systemic acquired resistance with expression of chitinase and b-1,3-glucanase enzymes. For the tomato crop in chitosan concentration of 0.25% favored the emergency of seedlings, reduced the incidence of tipping and activated the PAL enzymes, chitinase and b-1,3-glucanase. In cucumber on the concentration of up 0.5% favored seedlings emergence and reduces the incidence of tipping. Chitosan activated the PAL enzymes and b-1,3-glucanase. Chitosan also presented fungistatic action on the initial growth of Pythium sp. and R. solani in vitro conditions, however, such action did not prevail until the end of the experiment. To Fusarium sp. the concentration of chitosan resulted in the reduction of mycelial growth in vitro.

Potencial do óleo de Aloysia citriodora Palau no controle de fitopatógenos e na indução de resistência ao tombamento de plântulas de feijão, pepino e beterraba

The crops are affected by pests and diseases that decrease productivity. Among them are the damping off of seedlings that can occur in pre and post-emergence. In bean crops, cucumber and beet these diseases occur, being caused by various pathogens, especialy fitopathogenic fungi. Several measures are used for the controle of such diseases, among them, is the chemical seed treatment fungicides. However, society has become increasingly concerned about the quality and food and environmental contamination, generation a growting search for sensitive products to humans and the environment. The use of essential oils to control plant pathogens is an example of alternative tested by science in the search for less aggressive technologies. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the use of essential oil Aloysia citriodora, in control of pathogens causing damping off in beans, cucumber and beet. This thesis was divided in four chapters, the introductory first, and the other addressing the control of Pythium sp. in beans, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on cucumber, and Fusarium sp. on beet. The methodology consisted of four experiments in each pathosystem, with all the work done at the Federal Technological University of Parana, Campus Dois Vizinhos. In the first experiment evaluated the fungistatic and fungicidal effect of the essential oil of A. citriodora on PDA in vitro in mycelial growth of pathogens studied. In the second experiment evaluated the in vitro effect of essential oil concentrations of A. citriodora in BD medium on microscope slides, on the germination of sporangia Pythium sp. and conidia Fusarium sp., and in Petri dishes with PDA medium, the sclerotia germination speed index of S. sclerotiorum. In the third experiment, we evaluated in germination test in paper roll (PR), the phytotoxic effect or not the use of essential oil concentrations of A. citriodora in dry bean seed, cucumber and beet. The variables used to assess this experiment were the germination percentage, mediun green mass per plant and average length of seedlings. In the fourth experiment we assessed the effect of treating bean seeds, cucumber and beet with essential oil contents of A. citriodora, seeds in their subsequent substrates contamined with pathogens studied, Pythium sp., S. sclerotiorum and Fusarium sp. In this experiment we used the following variables: percentage of emergence, percentage of post-emergence damping off, green average mass per plant, average length per plant and biochemical analyzes. The biochemistry of plant tissues evaluated were as follows: protein content, enzymatic activities of peroxidases, phenylalanine ammonia-liase (PAL), chitinases and β-1,3-glucanases. The in vitro results show that the essential oil has fungistatic and fungicidal effect on mycelial growth, on sporangia germination, conidia and sclerotia of the pathogens studied in this work, wich may be related to its major components, citral and limonene. The oil also exhibits low phytotoxicity to seeds of the species studied, only in beans decreases germination in most studied dosage (0,25%), cucumber also in the higher dosage (0,25%) reduce the length of seedlings, and beet there were no negative effects to the seedlings. In the test in substrate contaminated with the pathogens, the use of essential oil: increased germination and decreased post emergence damping off of beans seedlings; at a concentration of 0,0625% decreases post emergence damping off in cucumber. In biochemical analyzes found an increase in the enzymatic activity of peroxidases and β-1,3-glucanases on beans, and glucanases on cucumber, and increased enzyme activity of peroxidases on beet, showing action in resistance induction at damping off.

Transplantação - História e limites - Imunogenética, Doenças crónicas e Transplante

Enquadramento histórico e limites no domínio da transplantação de órgão e tecidos humanos.

Moduladores de la ingesta y el gasto calórico en un grupo de pacientes pre-transplante hepático

Fundamento. Las alteraciones del estado nutricional son frecuentes en la cirrosis hepática. El presente estudio se ha llevado a cabo para establecer las relaciones existentes entre la función hepática, los niveles de IGF I/IGFBP-3, el estado nutricional y las concentraciones de leptina, ghrelina y glucagón en 21 pacientes en lista de espera de trasplante hepático (TH). Material y métodos. Se han estudiado 21 varones de 56±2,1 años de edad en lista de TH clasificados por estadio Child-Pugh (CP) de menor a mayor disfunción hepática en CPA (n=4), CPB (n=11) y CPC (n=6). Se determinó el índice de masa corporal (IMC), porcentaje de grasa corporal (%) mediante pletismografía de desplazamiento de aire, gasto energético mediante calorimetría indirecta, calculando su desviación respecto al valor calculado por Harris-Benedict (GER%), y determinaciones analíticas en ayunas de albúmina, glucosa, insulina, HbA1c, leptina, ghrelina total, glucagón, IGF-I e IGFBP3. Resultados. No hubo diferencias significativas entre % grasa corporal y leptinemia en los tres grupos clasificados por CP. El grupo CPC mostró valores de ghrelina superiores a los CPA y CPB (p<0,05). Los tres grupos mostraron un valor de GER% superior al 100% e hiperglucagonemia, sin mostrar diferencias entre ellos. La concentración de glucagón se correlacionó positivamente con el valor de GER% (r=0,56; p<0,01), y con la concentración de ghrelina (r=0,66; p<0,01). El valor de albúmina se correlacionó positivamente con IGF-I (r=0,52; p<0,05) e IGFBP3 (r=0,45; p<0,05), encontrándose ambos disminuidos por igual en los tres grupos. Conclusiones. Estos resultados muestran un aumento de ghrelina en pacientes con mayor afectación funcional hepática, así como un patrón hipermetabólico asociado a hiperglucagonemia, lo que sugiere a este factor como desequilibrador del balance energético y potencial diana terapéutica. El sistema IGF-1/IGFBP3 constituye un marcador de función hepática en la cirrosis.

Uso de lodos industriales de la industria textil para producir plántulas de hortalizas en invernadero

De acuerdo con los ensayos en la producción de especies vegetales cultivadas en invernadero, utilizando lodos residuales textiles, se pudo apreciar que es factible utilizar los subproductos de las empresas textiles, al aplicarlos en bajas concentraciones.

Uso de lodos industriales de la industria textil para producir plántulas de hortalizas en invierno

Los subproductos en forma de lodos residuales de las empresas textiles son factibles de manipular y modificar para fabricar sustratos y mejoradores de suelo inocuos y con potencial utilidad en la práctica agrícola comercial

Emergência de plântulas de seis genótipos de porta-enxertos de citros.

Tendo em vista os problemas observados, o experimento avaliou a emergência de seis genótipos de porta-enxertos de citros através da análise de variáveis de precocidade e uniformidade na emergência.

Número e densidade de plântulas de butia odorata em uma área de manejo conservativo.

2015

Transplante de órganos e imaginación

Este artículo ilustra cómo las situaciones que no encajan en la estructura del estilo de pensamiento de los operadores sanitarios son dejadas a un lado y excluidas del historial clínico. Corresponde a aquellas zonas grises que suceden a diario y de las cuales es mejor no hablar, aún cuando se considera que actúan como factores condicionantes. Por esta razón deberían ser sacadas a la luz para convertirlas en fuente de nuevas hipótesis de investigación.

Adesão ao regime medicamentoso dos adolescentes submetidos a transplante hepático: fatores motivacionais

O transplante hepático é uma condição crónica que implica a necessidade de aderir ao longo da vida a um regime medicamentoso pois, a imunossupressão é essencial para a sobrevida do enxerto e do recetor. O risco de não adesão à medicação pelo adolescente transplantado é potenciado pelas características da adolescência. Este estudo inclui-se na investigação quantitativa, descritiva-analítica, exploratória e correlacional e teve como objetivos caracterizar os adolescentes com transplante hepático; verificar a sua adesão ao regime medicamentoso; a sua motivação e se se julgam competentes para essa adesão, e verificar a relação entre estas variáveis. A colheita de dados foi realizada entre julho de 2015 e maio de 2016, utilizando como instrumentos a Medida de Adesão aos Tratamentos (MAT), os valores sanguíneos da imunossupressão, o Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ) e a Perceived Competence Scale (PCS), estes dois traduzidos para a língua portuguesa. A amostra é constituída por 32 adolescentes com transplante hepático seguidos no Hospital Pediátrico do Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, os quais tinham em média 14,44 anos, 56,3% eram do género masculino, 46,9% viviam em cidades e 37,5% frequentavam o segundo ciclo. Os adolescentes responderam ter um comportamento de maior adesão medicamentosa (100%) comparativamente à revelada pelos valores sanguíneos (66,7%). Apresentavam uma motivação predominantemente autónoma para cumprir a prescrição medicamentosa que assumiu um valor elevado. Os adolescentes mostraram sentirem-se confiantes e crentes na sua capacidade para cumprir o regime medicamentoso, dada a elevada competência percebida. Ao contrário do postulado pela Teoria da Autodeterminação (TAD) e de resultados de outras investigações, a motivação e a competência percebida não estavam relacionadas com a adesão ao regime medicamentoso neste estudo. A competência percebida parece ter influência na motivação autónoma dos adolescentes. A adolescência revela-se um período de elevado risco para a não adesão ao regime medicamentoso. Dada a importância atribuída ao regime imunossupressor e a relevância da motivação autónoma e da competência percebida para resultados de saúde positivos, os profissionais de saúde devem planear intervenções impulsionadoras da motivação autónoma e da competência percebida de modo a promover a adesão ao regime medicamentoso.

Adesão ao regime medicamentoso dos adolescentes submetidos a transplante hepático: fatores motivacionais.

Introduction: In liver transplantation the immunosuppression is essential for the survival of the graft and of the receiver. Although characteristics of adolescent development may influence medication non-adherence, the literature on the subject is scarce. The high prevalence and consequences of non-adherence makes it essential to identify the non-adherent adolescent with the intention of promoting medication adherence. Methods: The aim of this descriptive cross-sectional study is to characterize adolescents undergoing liver transplantation, and to determine the degree of medication non-adherence, using the Measure Treatment Adherence (MAT) scale and immunosuppression blood values. Moreover, the study seeks to explore the relationship between adherence and motivation - using the Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ), and adherence and competency - using Perceived Competence Scale (PCS). Results: The sample consisted of 32 adolescents (Age M=14,44 (SD=2,66); 56,3% (n=18) male) who underwent liver transplantation at a Portuguese pediatric hospital. Adolescents self-reported medication adherence scores in the MAT were significantly higher (100%) than what was expected based on the mean value of the three blood values of tacrolimus obtained within one year prior to completing the questionnaire (66,7%). As a subjective self-reported measure, the MAT is prone to bias and inflated self assessed adherence is commonly found in the literature. On the other hand, the mean value of the three blood levels of tacrolimus obtained widely and considered objective adherences measure, they may individually vary in terms of pharmacokinetic response and absorption. Adolescents showed a predominantly autonomous motivation to fulfill the medication prescription, being that motivation high (TSRQ autonomous motivation subscale presents an average value of 6.5, in a range of 1 to 7). They showed themselves confident and believing in their capacity to follow the medication regimen, due to the high perceived competence (PCS presents an average value of 6.65, in a range of 1 to 7). Opposed to what was postulated by the Self-determination Theory and other investigation's results, motivation and perceived competence are not related to adherence to the medication regimen in this study (rs=,119 p=,523; rs=,283 p=,123, respectively). Thus, perceived competence seems to have a positive influence on the autonomous motivation of these adolescents (rs=,482 p=,006). Conclusion: This study shows that medication adherence when evaluated subjectively scores higher compared to the blood values of immunosuppression. Also, Motivation and Perceived Competence do not seem to influence the adherence to the medication regimen. More multi-centre studies are needed, based on solid theory to examine adherence behaviour more.