As coalizões de defesa e as mudanças na política externa comercial e energética dos Estados Unidos para o etanol em 2011

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ressonância natural da orelha e sua relação com os volumes equivalentes das orelhas externa e média

INTRODUÇÃO: Modificações decorrentes da senilidade podem alterar as características do sistema de transmissão da orelha média bem como a ressonância da orelha externa, trazendo implicações para o processo de verificação do aparelho de amplificação sonora individual (AASI), quando utilizados targets e medidas do ganho de inserção (REIG). OBJETIVO: Comparar o ganho da orelha externa (REUG) e os volumes da orelha externa (VeqOE) e média (VeqOM) em idosos e adultos. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo. Foram analisados dados de prontuário de 28 idosos (idade entre 61 e 102 anos, média limiares auditivos entre 38,75 a 85 dBNA) e 23 adultos (idades entre 20 e 59 anos, média limiares auditivos entre 31,25 a 116,25 dBNA) com perda auditiva neurossensorial bilateral e sem histórico de alteração de orelha média. Resultados da imitanciometria (VeqOE, VeqOM e pressão do pico de máxima complacência) e REUG (frequência e amplitude do pico primário) foram recuperados, totalizando 40 orelhas analisadas. Foram comparados tais dados entre adultos e idosos bem como entre homens e mulheres, por meio do teste "t" de Student. Foram verificadas correlações (Pearson) entre os dados da imitanciometria e da REUG. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa (p<0,01) dos dados da imitanciometria e das medidas do REUG entre adultos e idosos ou entre homens e mulheres. Houve correlação negativa, fraca, porém significativa entre o VeqOE e a frequência do pico primário da REUG. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados obtidos indicam que a verificação do AASI pode ser realizada com targets e medidas do REIG na população de idosos.

Além da prova Brasil: investimento em sistemas próprios de avaliação externa

O estudo analisa os objetivos e as justificativas de quatro secretarias de educação para investir em sistemas próprios de avaliação em larga escala em vez de utilizar as avaliações nacionais já disponíveis, em especial a Prova Brasil, como instrumento precípuo de sua política educacional. O foco recai sobre avaliações externas que lançam mão dos mesmos modelos adotados pelas avaliações nacionais com contornos e desenhos distintos impressos às diferentes redes de ensino investigadas, conforme o tipo de organização e política. Destacam-se as demandas que se impõem a essas avaliações, notadamente naquilo que podem conter de subsídio pedagógico voltado diretamente ao trabalho escolar.

Unusual tomographic findings of complicated necrotizing pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a potential life-threatening disease, which originates from inflammatory involvement of the pancreas and surrounding tissues. Serious complications eventuate and treatment is difficult. AP is classified in both interstitial edematous pancreatitis, which occurs in 70-80% of patients, and necrotizing pancreatitis, which occurs in 20-30% of patients. Diagnosis is based on the presence of two of the following criteria: abdominal pain, increased serum determination of amylase and/or lipase more than three times the reference value, and characteristic tomographic findings. Among the latter, there is the pancreatic and surrounding tissue damage as well as that related to distant organ involvement. This case report shows the fatal case of a male patient with a history of heavy alcoholic abuse admitted with the diagnosis of necrotizing pancreatitis. The authors call attention to the unusual tomographic findings; namely, a huge duodenal hematoma and a large hemoperitoneum, ischemic involvement of the spleen and kidneys, as well as pancreatic and peripancreatic necrosis.

Análisis praxiológico de la dinámica de juego en fútbol: lógica externa y lógica interna

Programa de doctorado: Praxiología motriz, educación física y entrenamiento deportivo

Nasopharyngeal microbiota in infants with acute otitis media

Interspecies interactions of the nasopharyngeal microbiota are likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of acute otitis media (AOM). Capturing the breadth of microbial interactions requires a detailed description of the microbiota during health and AOM.

Diffuse descending necrotizing mediastinitis: surgical therapy and outcome in a single-centre series

Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) is a rare but rapidly progressing disease with a potentially fatal outcome, originating from odontogenical or cervical infections. The aim of this article was to give an up-to-date overview on this still underestimated disease, to draw the clinician's attention and particularly to highlight the need for rapid diagnosis and adequate surgical treatment.

Susceptibility of primary human endothelial cells to C. perfringens beta-toxin suggesting similar pathogenesis in human and porcine necrotizing enteritis

Clostridium perfringens type C causes fatal necrotizing enteritis in different mammalian hosts, most commonly in newborn piglets. Human cases are rare, but the disease, also called pigbel, was endemic in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea. Lesions in piglets and humans are very similar and characterized by segmental necro-hemorrhagic enteritis in acute cases and fibrino-necrotizing enteritis in subacute cases. Histologically, deep mucosal necrosis accompanied by vascular thrombosis and necrosis was consistently reported in naturally affected pigs and humans. This suggests common pathogenetic mechanisms. Previous in vitro studies using primary porcine aortic endothelial cells suggested that beta-toxin (CPB) induced endothelial damage contributes to the pathogenesis of C. perfringens type C enteritis in pigs. In the present study we investigated toxic effects of CPB on cultured primary human macro- and microvascular endothelial cells. In vitro, these cells were highly sensitive to CPB and reacted with similar cytopathic and cytotoxic effects as porcine endothelial cells. Our results indicate that porcine and human cell culture based in vitro models represent valuable tools to investigate the pathogenesis of this bacterial disease in animals and humans.

Comparison of oral administration of lomustine and prednisolone or prednisolone alone as treatment for granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis or necrotizing encephalitis in dogs

OBJECTIVE: To compare oral administration of lomustine and prednisolone with oral administration of prednisolone alone as treatment for granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis (GME) or necrotizing encephalitis (NE) in dogs. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. ANIMALS: 25 dogs with GME and 18 dogs with NE (diagnosis confirmed in 8 and 5 dogs, respectively). PROCEDURES: Records of dogs with GME or NE were reviewed for results of initial neurologic assessments and clinicopathologic findings, treatment, follow-up clinicopathologic findings (for lomustine-treated dogs), and survival time. Dogs with GME or NE treated with lomustine and prednisolone were assigned to groups 1 (n = 14) and 3 (10), respectively; those treated with prednisolone alone were assigned to groups 2 (11) and 4 (8), respectively. RESULTS: Prednisolone was administered orally every 12 hours to all dogs. In groups 1 and 3, mean lomustine dosage was 60.3 mg/m(2), PO, every 6 weeks. Median survival times in groups 1 through 4 were 457, 329, 323, and 91 days, respectively (no significant difference between groups 1 and 2 or between groups 3 and 4). Within the initial 12 months of treatment, median prednisolone dosage was reduced in all groups; dosage reduction in group 1 was significantly larger than that in group 2 at 6, 9, and 12 months. Combination treatment most frequently caused leukopenia, but had no significant effect on liver enzyme activities. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In dogs with GME and NE, oral administration of lomustine and prednisolone or prednisolone alone had similar efficacy. Inclusion of lomustine in the treatment regimen was generally tolerated well.