Flexibilidade fenótipica do trato digestório: efeitos da restrição alimentar e realimentação em frangos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Composição corporal e exigências nutricionais de novilhos de três grupos genéticos em pastejo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação da polpa cítrica peletizada como aditivo no processo de ensilagem dos capins Tanzânia e Marandu

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Fontes lipídicas na alimentação de ovinos confinados

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Probiótico e enzimas em dietas de frangos de corte: desempenho, características da cama e excretas e produção de biogás

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Características qualitativas da carne de bubalinos submetida a diferentes períodos de maturação

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito da temperatura de incubação e de criação sobre o tecido adiposo e desempenho de frangos de corte

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

A relação adverbial temporal na lusofonia sob a perspectiva da gramática discursivo-funcional

Pós-graduação em Estudos Linguísticos - IBILCE

Aparato assistido por microondas para síntese hidrotérmica de óxidos nanoestruturados

A presente invenção refere-se a um aparato hidrotermal, assistido por microondas, para a síntese de áxidos metálicos nanoestruturados. O dito aparato é constituído por, no mínimo, um recipiente (1) para a reação, transparente às microondas e hermeticamente fechado por uma tampa metálica (3). O recipiente é inserido na cavidade de um forno elétrico de microondas doméstico (11) através de uma furação na parte superior de sua carcaça. O controle da temperatura da reação é feito por um conjunto de termopar (6), multiplicador de tensão (13) e controlador de temperatura (14), os quais determinam a quantidade de radiação emitida pela magnetron (12) do microondas.

Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli O157, Salmonella spp. e microrganismos indicadores em carcaças bovinas para exportação

Samples were collected from 100 carcasses in a slaughterhouse exporter, located within the State of São Paulo, sampled over a year through the sponge method, applied to the chest of the animal. Samples were taken at three points, denominated A, B and C, each carcass sampled at three points located in the following steps: after bleeding (A) after skinning (B) and after washing (C). Research was conducted for Listeria sp., E. coli O157, Salmonella spp. and Micro-organism (Petrifilms ® AC, EC and EB). Listeria or E. coli O157 were not isolated in any of the 300 samples. Salmonella spp. was isolated in nine, eight at point A and one at point B. For Mesophiles, scores ranged from 0 to 6.8 log UFC/cm²; for Total coliforms, 0 to 4.57 log UFC/cm² and E. coli from 0 to 4.38 log UFC/cm². With the results obtained and compared with the literature, it is concluded that the establishment in this study has both sanitary quality (due to the low prevalence of pathogens) and hygienic quality (due to the sharp decrease in the microbial load of indicators along the line.

Genotype effect on carcass and meat quality of lambs finished in irrigated pastures in the semiarid Northeastern Brazil

The aim of this study was to compare four genetic groups of sheep on the carcass and meat quality traits. Thirty-three contemporary and unrelated male lambs, all of single birth were used in the experiment, being thirteen from the Santa Inês (SI) breed, seven from the Brazilian Somali breed (BS), six from the Morada Nova (MN) breed and seven from the ½ Dorper - ½ Morada Nova (F1) crossbreed. The genotypes SI, BS and F1 presented similar performances in relation to hot and cold carcass weights, which values were 10.76±0.53kg and 10.46±0.52kg for SI, 9.20±0.73kg and 8.99±0.71kg for BS, and 9.35±0.73kg and 9.13±0.71kg for F1, respectively. The BS had a better hot carcass yield (47.10±0.88%) and cold carcass yield (46.00±0.87%). Better carcass conformation was observed in SI and F1 (2.73±0.12 and 2.50±0.17, respectively) while the BS presented a better finishing (3.29±0.20). The average for the rib eye area (REA) was 9.94±0.49cm², 8.66±0.67cm², 7.18±0.72cm² and 9.8±0.67cm², and for the carcass compactness index (CCI) it was 0.17±0.01kg/cm, 0.17±0.01kg/cm, 0.11±0.01kg/cm and 0.16±0,01kg/cm, for SI, SB, MN and F1, respectively. There were no significant differences between SI, BS and F1 regarding REA and CCI. Although, in general, the MN presented a relatively lower performance than the other genotypes, this breed had similar carcass yields and fat thickness when compared to SI and F1 and similar conformation and REA in comparison to the BS. Regarding meat quality, no differences were observed between genotypes, except for redness and cooking losses. It is concluded that no one group had a higher or lower performance in all traits analyzed. Moreover, for the management conditions employed in this study, there was evidence of greater specialization in meat production for genotypes SI, BS and F1 when compared to MN, although there are no substantial differences between the four groups regarding meat quality.

Aditivos alimentares na dieta de bovinos confinados

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da inclusão do preparado de anticorpos policlonais (PAP) e/ou da monensina sódica (MON) sobre o desempenho, as características da carcaça, o perfil de ácidos graxos da carcaça (PAG) e a concentração de lipoproteínas sanguíneas (CLS) de bovinos confinados. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 2 x 2, com medidas repetidas no tempo, sendo os fatores a inclusão ou não de MON e PAP avaliados em dois períodos, em que 72 bovinos machos da raça Brangus, não castrados, foram alocados em 24 baias (três animais/baia), totalizando seis repetições por tratamento. Não foi observado efeito (P>0,05) da inclusão do PAP para nenhuma das varáveis de desempenho e características de carcaça. Contudo, foi observado efeito (P<0,05) da inclusão de MON, em que animais que receberam MON apresentaram maiores ganho de peso diário (1,666 vs. 1,552), ganho de peso total (179,95 vs. 167,68), peso vivo final (474,86 vs. 459,61), peso de carcaça quente (248,46 vs. 240,20), melhor conversão alimentar (5,57 vs. 5,79) e reduzido custo para ganhar um quilo de peso vivo (3,06 vs. 3,18). Ainda não foi observado efeito principal (P>0,05) dos aditivos para o PAG e a CLS. Assim, a inclusão do PAP não foi boa alternativa à substituição da MON. Por outro lado, a inclusão do PAP não afetou negativamente os itens estudados.

Effect of lipid sources and inclusion levels in diets for broiler chickens

This research aimed to evaluate the interactions and effects of 2 and 4% addition levels of poultry slaughterhouse fat (chicken tallow) and soybean oil in diets for broiler chickens. Two experiments were carried out using one-day-old male Cobb chicks in an entirely random design with a 2x2 factorial scheme. In the first experiment, 560 chicks were used to evaluate performance and carcass characteristics. In the second experiment, 100 chicks were used to determine the nutrient digestibility, dietary energy utilization and the lipase and amylase pancreatic activity. There was no interaction between the fat sources and the addition levels for any of the analyzed variables, except for the digestibility coefficient of dry matter (DCDM), which was higher in diets added with 2% soybean oil when compared to chicken tallow. The addition of 4% fat in the diet, regardless of fat source, improved the digestibility coefficient of ethereal extract (DCEE) and increased weight gain and feed intake. Moreover, in the initial phase, the addition of 4% fat to the diet increased lipase activity when compared to diets with 2% addition, and a positive correlation between DCEE and pancreatic lipase activity was observed. In conclusion, there is no interaction between fat sources and addition levels, except for DCDM. Carcass characteristics are not influenced by any of the studied factors. The addition of 4% fat increases pancreatic lipase activity and improves DCEE, resulting in greater weight gain, regardless of the tested fat source, making chicken tallow a great alternative to soybean oil.

Anticorpos policlonais em dietas com alta inclusão de concentrado para bovinos confinados

Among alternatives to replace ionophores, which are classified as antibiotics by some committees, the feeding of polyclonal antibodies have shown an interesting and economically efficient alternative. Recent studies have demonstrated some advantages of adding polyclonal antibodies into high-concentrate diets for feedlot cattle, showed by increased performance and ruminal health, in some cases similar to sodium monensin. However, there are blind spots of this innovated technology that still need to be elucidated, as example, if the dry form of the preparation is inactivated and decreased carcass-dressing percentage. All in all, this review demonstrates the possibility of replacing sodium monensin by this feed additive without negatively impacting animal performance and profit of cattle feeders in Brazil.

Ocorrência de contusões em carcaças bovinas em frigorífico

The animal welfare is a series of practices that involves the maintenance of psychological and physiological freedoms of animals, to them remain healthy until slaughter and provide a satisfactory quality carcass and to avoid unnecessary suffering to animals. One way to evaluate the animal welfare is monitoring the occurrence of bruises on carcasses that is an indicative of inadequate management of the animals. The present study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of bruises in cattle carcasses at a slaughterhouse located in the Midwest Region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Was applied a check-list that determined the presence of bruises, the location and severity of them, ranking among scores I to III. Was observed in 98% (880/898) of the animals the presence of contusion. The Grade I injuries in the region of the hips at half carcasses had higher incidence with an average of 61.8% between the right and left sides. Could be observed multiple lesions in several animals slaughtered. In 133 animals observed were removed 15.6 kilograms of material only the injured region only of the hips, demonstrating economic losses to cattle farmers and industries for failures in animal welfare practices. The inappropriate pre-slaughter management compromises animal welfare and the quality of carcasses, discrediting our products on international meat trade and consisting in economic losses to the national cattle herds.