Automatic Detection and Classification of Glioma Tumors using Statistical Features

The characterization and grading of glioma tumors, via image derived features, for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response has been an active research area in medical image computing. This paper presents a novel method for automatic detection and classification of glioma from conventional T2 weighted MR images. Automatic detection of the tumor was established using newly developed method called Adaptive Gray level Algebraic set Segmentation Algorithm (AGASA).Statistical Features were extracted from the detected tumor texture using first order statistics and gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) based second order statistical methods. Statistical significance of the features was determined by t-test and its corresponding p-value. A decision system was developed for the grade detection of glioma using these selected features and its p-value. The detection performance of the decision system was validated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The diagnosis and grading of glioma using this non-invasive method can contribute promising results in medical image computing

PREDOMINANT FEATURES OF THE POETICAL WORKS OF HARIBANSRAI BACCHAN

HINDI

Improving food and nutritional security of small and marginal coconut growers through diversification of crops and enterprises

This paper presents the impact of integrating interventions like nutrition gardening, livestock rearing, product diversification and allied income generation activities in small and marginal coconut homesteads along with nutrition education in improving the food and nutritional security as well as the income of the family members. The activities were carried out through registered Community Based Organizations (CBOs) in three locations in Kerala, India during 2005-2008. Data was collected before and after the project periods through interviews using a pre-tested questionnaire containing statements indicating the adequacy, quality and diversity of food materials. Fifty respondents each were randomly selected from the three communities, thereby resulting in a total sample size of 150. The data was analysed using SPSS by adopting statistical tools like frequency, average, percentage analysis, t – test and regression. Participatory planning and implementation of diverse interventions notably intercropping and off-farm activities along with nutrition education brought out significant improvements in the food and nutritional security, in terms of frequency and quantity of consumption as well as diet diversity. At the end of the project, 96%of the members became completely food secure and 72% nutritionally secure. The overall consumption of fruits, vegetables and milk by both children and adults and egg by children recorded increase over the project period. Consumption of fish was more than the Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI) level during pre and post project periods. Project interventions like nutrition gardening could bring in surplus consumption of vegetables (35%) and fruits (10%) than RDI. In spite of the increased consumption of green leafy vegetables and milk and milk products over the project period, the levels of consumption were still below the RDI levels. CBO-wise analysis of the consumption patterns revealed the need for location-specific interventions matching to the needs and preferences of the communities.

Verbal proficiency as fitness indicator: Experimental and comparative research on the evolutionary psychology of language and verbal displays

Summary: Recent research on the evolution of language and verbal displays (e.g., Miller, 1999, 2000a, 2000b, 2002) indicated that language is not only the result of natural selection but serves as a sexually-selected fitness indicator that is an adaptation showing an individual’s suitability as a reproductive mate. Thus, language could be placed within the framework of concepts such as the handicap principle (Zahavi, 1975). There are several reasons for this position: Many linguistic traits are highly heritable (Stromswold, 2001, 2005), while naturally-selected traits are only marginally heritable (Miller, 2000a); men are more prone to verbal displays than women, who in turn judge the displays (Dunbar, 1996; Locke & Bogin, 2006; Lange, in press; Miller, 2000a; Rosenberg & Tunney, 2008); verbal proficiency universally raises especially male status (Brown, 1991); many linguistic features are handicaps (Miller, 2000a) in the Zahavian sense; most literature is produced by men at reproduction-relevant age (Miller, 1999). However, neither an experimental study investigating the causal relation between verbal proficiency and attractiveness, nor a study showing a correlation between markers of literary and mating success existed. In the current studies, it was aimed to fill these gaps. In the first one, I conducted a laboratory experiment. Videos in which an actor and an actress performed verbal self-presentations were the stimuli for counter-sex participants. Content was always alike, but the videos differed on three levels of verbal proficiency. Predictions were, among others, that (1) verbal proficiency increases mate value, but that (2) this applies more to male than to female mate value due to assumed past sex-different selection pressures causing women to be very demanding in mate choice (Trivers, 1972). After running a two-factorial analysis of variance with the variables sex and verbal proficiency as factors, the first hypothesis was supported with high effect size. For the second hypothesis, there was only a trend going in the predicted direction. Furthermore, it became evident that verbal proficiency affects long-term more than short-term mate value. In the second study, verbal proficiency as a menstrual cycle-dependent mate choice criterion was investigated. Basically the same materials as in the former study were used with only marginal changes in the used questionnaire. The hypothesis was that fertile women rate high verbal proficiency in men higher than non-fertile women because of verbal proficiency being a potential indicator of “good genes”. However, no significant result could be obtained in support of the hypothesis in the current study. In the third study, the hypotheses were: (1) most literature is produced by men at reproduction-relevant age. (2) The more works of high literary quality a male writer produces, the more mates and children he has. (3) Lyricists have higher mating success than non-lyric writers because of poetic language being a larger handicap than other forms of language. (4) Writing literature increases a man’s status insofar that his offspring shows a significantly higher male-to-female sex ratio than in the general population, as the Trivers-Willard hypothesis (Trivers & Willard, 1973) applied to literature predicts. In order to test these hypotheses, two famous literary canons were chosen. Extensive biographical research was conducted on the writers’ mating successes. The first hypothesis was confirmed; the second one, controlling for life age, only for number of mates but not entirely regarding number of children. The latter finding was discussed with respect to, among others, the availability of effective contraception especially in the 20th century. The third hypothesis was not satisfactorily supported. The fourth hypothesis was partially supported. For the 20th century part of the German list, the secondary sex ratio differed with high statistical significance from the ratio assumed to be valid for a general population.

Dynamic Injection of Scribble Features into Graphical Diagram Editors

Almost everyone sketches. People use sketches day in and day out in many different and heterogeneous fields, to share their thoughts and clarify ambiguous interpretations, for example. The media used to sketch varies from analog tools like flipcharts to digital tools like smartboards. Whereas analog tools are usually affected by insufficient editing capabilities like cut/copy/paste, digital tools greatly support these scenarios. Digital tools can be grouped into informal and formal tools. Informal tools can be understood as simple drawing environments, whereas formal tools offer sophisticated support to create, optimize and validate diagrams of a certain application domain. Most digital formal tools force users to stick to a concrete syntax and editing workflow, limiting the user’s creativity. For that reason, a lot of people first sketch their ideas using the flexibility of analog or digital informal tools. Subsequently, the sketch is "portrayed" in an appropriate digital formal tool. This work presents Scribble, a highly configurable and extensible sketching framework which allows to dynamically inject sketching features into existing graphical diagram editors, based on Eclipse GEF. This allows to combine the flexibility of informal tools with the power of formal tools without any effort. No additional code is required to augment a GEF editor with sophisticated sketching features. Scribble recognizes drawn elements as well as handwritten text and automatically generates the corresponding domain elements. A local training data library is created dynamically by incrementally learning shapes, drawn by the user. Training data can be shared with others using the WebScribble web application which has been created as part of this work.

Programa amigo : un intento de resolver los problemas de convivencia en un IES marginal.

Se incluyen todas las actividades y las metodologías desarrolladas

Relative Contributions of Internal and External Features to Face Recognition

The central challenge in face recognition lies in understanding the role different facial features play in our judgments of identity. Notable in this regard are the relative contributions of the internal (eyes, nose and mouth) and external (hair and jaw-line) features. Past studies that have investigated this issue have typically used high-resolution images or good-quality line drawings as facial stimuli. The results obtained are therefore most relevant for understanding the identification of faces at close range. However, given that real-world viewing conditions are rarely optimal, it is also important to know how image degradations, such as loss of resolution caused by large viewing distances, influence our ability to use internal and external features. Here, we report experiments designed to address this issue. Our data characterize how the relative contributions of internal and external features change as a function of image resolution. While we replicated results of previous studies that have shown internal features of familiar faces to be more useful for recognition than external features at high resolution, we found that the two feature sets reverse in importance as resolution decreases. These results suggest that the visual system uses a highly non-linear cue-fusion strategy in combining internal and external features along the dimension of image resolution and that the configural cues that relate the two feature sets play an important role in judgments of facial identity.

Una didáctica del vocabulario basada en una investigación realizada en el ICE de Oviedo.

Elaborar un vocabulario básico del español con unas características nuevas. 3150 alumnos de EGB y Bachillerato pertenecientes a 75 unidades escolares del centro, oriente y occidente de Asturias. 254 páginas de obras de narrativa, teatro, ensayo y periodismo de autores contemporáneos. Abarca las siguientes cuestiones: la importancia pedagógica y la atención prestada al vocabulario, problemática que plantea la enseñanza del vocabulario, investigaciones y experimentaciones realizadas en Asturias, esbozo de una didáctica del vocabulario. Bibliografía. El vocabulario cumple funciones formativas y posee valores culturales, sin embargo sólo viene siendo objeto de una enseñanza meramente incidental, ocasional y no programada. La enseñanza del vocabulario se enfrenta con problemas de tipo axiológico, ontológico y metodológico. En la investigación realizada en el ICE de Oviedo se obtuvo un vocabulario básico total de 4344 términos distintos. Las investigaciones realizadas sobre el vocabulario presentan soluciones a los diversos problemas que plantea su enseñanza: entre otros aspectos se presenta una programación para la enseñanza del vocabulario resultante de la investigación realizada en Asturias, directrices metodológicas para su enseñanza y algunos recursos técnicos.

The Japanese Business System: Key Features and Prospects for Change

This paper argues that the Japanese business system cannot be adequately understood without extending the focus of analysis beyond the individual firm to the vertical keiretsu, or business group. The vertical group or keiretsu structure was first identified and studied in the auto and electronics industries, where it is most strongly marked, but it characterizes virtually all sectors, service industries as well as manufacturing. Large industrial vertical keiretsu are composed of subsidiaries engaged in three distinct types of activities (manufacturing, marketing, and quasirelated business). The coordination and control systems are built on the flows of products, financial resources, information and technology, and people across formal company boundaries, with the parent firm controlling the key flows. The paper examines the prevailing explanations first for the emergence and then for the persistence of the vertical group structure, and looks at the current pressures for change and adaptation in the system.

New Features of CoDaPack. An Userfriendly Compositional Data Package

The statistical analysis of compositional data is commonly used in geological studies. As is well-known, compositions should be treated using logratios of parts, which are difficult to use correctly in standard statistical packages. In this paper we describe the new features of our freeware package, named CoDaPack, which implements most of the basic statistical methods suitable for compositional data. An example using real data is presented to illustrate the use of the package

Alternative ways to estimate change points in multinomial sequences. An application to an authorship attribution problem

The statistical analysis of literary style is the part of stylometry that compares measurable characteristics in a text that are rarely controlled by the author, with those in other texts. When the goal is to settle authorship questions, these characteristics should relate to the author’s style and not to the genre, epoch or editor, and they should be such that their variation between authors is larger than the variation within comparable texts from the same author. For an overview of the literature on stylometry and some of the techniques involved, see for example Mosteller and Wallace (1964, 82), Herdan (1964), Morton (1978), Holmes (1985), Oakes (1998) or Lebart, Salem and Berry (1998). Tirant lo Blanc, a chivalry book, is the main work in catalan literature and it was hailed to be “the best book of its kind in the world” by Cervantes in Don Quixote. Considered by writters like Vargas Llosa or Damaso Alonso to be the first modern novel in Europe, it has been translated several times into Spanish, Italian and French, with modern English translations by Rosenthal (1996) and La Fontaine (1993). The main body of this book was written between 1460 and 1465, but it was not printed until 1490. There is an intense and long lasting debate around its authorship sprouting from its first edition, where its introduction states that the whole book is the work of Martorell (1413?-1468), while at the end it is stated that the last one fourth of the book is by Galba (?-1490), after the death of Martorell. Some of the authors that support the theory of single authorship are Riquer (1990), Chiner (1993) and Badia (1993), while some of those supporting the double authorship are Riquer (1947), Coromines (1956) and Ferrando (1995). For an overview of this debate, see Riquer (1990). Neither of the two candidate authors left any text comparable to the one under study, and therefore discriminant analysis can not be used to help classify chapters by author. By using sample texts encompassing about ten percent of the book, and looking at word length and at the use of 44 conjunctions, prepositions and articles, Ginebra and Cabos (1998) detect heterogeneities that might indicate the existence of two authors. By analyzing the diversity of the vocabulary, Riba and Ginebra (2000) estimates that stylistic boundary to be near chapter 383. Following the lead of the extensive literature, this paper looks into word length, the use of the most frequent words and into the use of vowels in each chapter of the book. Given that the features selected are categorical, that leads to three contingency tables of ordered rows and therefore to three sequences of multinomial observations. Section 2 explores these sequences graphically, observing a clear shift in their distribution. Section 3 describes the problem of the estimation of a suden change-point in those sequences, in the following sections we propose various ways to estimate change-points in multinomial sequences; the method in section 4 involves fitting models for polytomous data, the one in Section 5 fits gamma models onto the sequence of Chi-square distances between each row profiles and the average profile, the one in Section 6 fits models onto the sequence of values taken by the first component of the correspondence analysis as well as onto sequences of other summary measures like the average word length. In Section 7 we fit models onto the marginal binomial sequences to identify the features that distinguish the chapters before and after that boundary. Most methods rely heavily on the use of generalized linear models

Escuela y clase social desfavorecida : estudio de las relaciones a través del análisis del discurso en un Centro Educativo de una barriada marginal de Córdoba.

Descubrir los discursos, los objetivos, las creencias, los valores, etc., de una institución escolar en un contexto marginal y de los sujetos que la nutren es el objetivo prioritario. Saber si unos y otros son capaces de hablar un mismo lenguaje, si hay entendimiento, si se cree que lo hay sin haberlo, si lo que los sujetos demandan a la escuela es lo mismo que lo que la escuela está dispuesta a darles, si lo que la escuela pide a los alumnos es sólo un desiderátum, etc. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa que emplea como método básico la etnografía. Está realizada en una escuela marginal de Córdoba y se centra, fundamentalmente, en la reconstrucción del modo de vida de la unidad de estudio con objeto de descubrir los aspectos ocultos -creencias, sentimientos, intenciones, valores, deseos, etc.- tanto de la institución escolar como de los sujetos que la nutren. La particularidad del trabajo es que está realizado por una investigadora participante, una maestra inserta en el escenario de estudio durante veintiún años. Al tratarse de una investigación etnográfica, los hallazgos son, necesariamente, contingentes y singulares, por lo que no es posible realizar a partir de ellos inferencias -tomar las conclusiones como premisas de investigaciones futuras- ni generalizaciones -extender los resultados a otros casos-. Sin embargo, posibilitan el descubrimiento de las claves tanto de la realidad como de la utopía (posible). Es decir, el examen a fondo del objeto de estudio -una realidad social que soporta la violación de los derechos humanos más elementales- despliega su interrogación y el desarrollo de alternativas transformadoras. Es preciso entender la escuela como un espacio natural donde los niños viven y protagonizan su propio aprendizaje. No es, como suele entenderse, el lugar en el que los maestros enseñan, sino en el que los niños aprenden -que no es lo mismo-, y éstos han de aprender con la enseñanza de sus profesores o a pesar de ella.

Los doce primeros años del ICE de Zaragoza.

Se pretende dar un informe sobre la vida del Instituto de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Zaragoza durante los primeros doce años de su existencia, es decir, desde 1970 hasta 1982. El Instituto de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Zaragoza. Se han estudiado: las actividades docentes, certificado de aptitud pedagógica, otros cursos y seminarios (asistentes, horas, presupuestos, nivel de los asistentes), los proyectos de investigación educativa y los servicios de biblioteca, tecnología y publicaciones. Archivos del ICE. Respecto a las actividades de perfeccionamiento se han calculado: porcentaje de actividades por nivel, distribución de asistentes por niveles, asistencia media por actividad, evolución porcentual por niveles, distribución de horas por niveles. Respecto al servicio de tecnología: horas de grabación, diapositivas y fotografías, producción de microfilm, filmación y proyección de películas. Respecto al servicio de publicaciones: obras editadas, páginas editadas y número de ejemplares.

Josep-Maria Terricabras: "Una universitat petita no té perquè ser esquifida, ni ha de ser marginal per ser perifèrica"

Josep-Maria Terricabras és el director de la Càtedra Ferrater Mora de Pensament Contemporani. Ara fa vint anysque va tenir la idea de crear una càtedra de pensament en una Girona que tenia estudis universitaris però que encara no tenia universitat pròpia. Han passat els anys i es pot afirmar que ha estat una jugada reeixida perquè, gràcies a la Càtedra, han passat per la ciutat personatges destacats de la cultura, com Chomsky, Quine, Cavalli-Sforza, Nyman o Stieglitz, fins a completar una llista que molt aviat arribarà a la trentena. La Càtedra Ferrater Mora de Pensament Contemporani és més antiga que la mateixa Universitat de Girona. El 2 de novembre vinent farà vint anys que es va crear

Clinical features and treatment response in social phobia : Axis II comorbidity and social phobia subtypes

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n