Educar para a vida: uma pedagogia da resiliência na escola

Cet étude et thème de dissertation est devenue nécessaire a partir des inquiétudes d éducateur et des pratiques pédagogiques développées aux classes d éducation physique au tour nocturne à l École Municipale Prof. Veríssimo de Melo, dont les élèves sont des jeunes et adultes que habitent au quartier Felipe Camarão. Ces jeunes cohabitent avec le stigmate de la violence que est toujours présente dans cette communauté, située a la région ouest de Natal. On peut trouvé parmi les élèves y matriculés des trajectoires de vie interrompues par facteurs de risque comme criminalité, des adolescentes enceintes et drogues. Ces faits interférent directement avec les procès d intégration sociale et augmentent la violence, reproduisant les cycles de pauvreté et ainsi, limitant les possibilités d ascension sociale. Les résultats des procédées pédagogiques utilisées pendant les classes ont montré la nécessité d approfondir cet étude problématisant cette réalité et, incitant par les pratiques corporelles et discussion, la réflexion sur des thèmes comme facteurs de risque, temporalité, projets de vie et auto-connaissance. En profitant de l intérêt de ces jeunes pour la langage cinématographique comme une façon de mettre en ouvre ces réflexions et rapportant leur connaissance formel avec le savoir et expériences du groupe on a décidé de produire un film court de 15 minutes sur le quartier, idéalisé et produit collectivement. Pour ça, ont a réalisé 10 classes-ateliers avec les élèves qui ont été connus comme « le groupe du cinéma ». Les ateliers pédagogiques qui sont ici, au même temps, référence de recherche et procédée pédagogique, réaffirment la notion de résilience: la capacité de l individu de transformer un obstacle, une adversité ou même une tragédie personnel dans une situation positive ou comme un renfort de ce que nous avons de meilleur. Dans ce sens, cet étude peut aider les professeurs de toutes les matières, que travaillent a l école publique et que se trouvent dans ce contexte, considéré vulnérable, surtout le professeur d éducation physique. Ce travail peut aussi devenir une référence pour aborder des concepts et valeurs que nos aideront à renouveler cette vision de monde étroite et déterministe, responsable pour la reproduction des cycles de pauvreté et violence. Cet étude a été fondée sur des auteurs comme Edgar Morin, Bóris Cyrulnik et Conceição Almeida parmi d autres

Água de consumo humano como fator de risco à saúde em propriedades rurais

OBJETIVO: Verificar a qualidade higiênico-sanitária da água de consumo humano em propriedades rurais por meio da contagem de indicadores microbiológicos de potabilidade. MÉTODOS: Foram colhidas 180 amostras de água utilizada para consumo humano das fontes, reservatórios e ponto de consumo em 30 propriedades rurais, situadas na região Nordeste do Estado de São Paulo. Determinou-se o número mais provável de coliformes totais, Escherichia coli e o número de microrganismos mesófilos. Foi verificada a presença de medidas de proteção das fontes de abastecimento. RESULTADOS: Os resultados evidenciaram que 90% das amostras de água das fontes, 90% dos reservatórios e 96,7% de água de consumo humano, colhidas no período de chuvas, e 83,3%, 96,7% e 90%, daquelas colhidas respectivamente nos mesmos locais, durante a estiagem, estavam fora dos padrões microbiológicos de potabilidade para água de consumo humano. CONCLUSÕES: A água utilizada nas propriedades rurais foi considerada um importante fator de risco à saúde dos seres humanos que a utilizam. A adoção de medidas preventivas, visando à preservação das fontes de água, e o tratamento das águas já comprometidas são as ferramentas necessárias para diminuir consideravelmente o risco de ocorrência de enfermidades de veiculação hídrica.

Rotavírus bovino: fatores de risco, prevalência e caracterização antigênica de amostras em rebanhos leiteiros no estado de São Paulo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Risco à saúde representado pelo consumo de leite cru comercializado clandestinamente

Foram submetidas às contagens de microrganismos mesófilos, Staphylococccus coagulase positiva, e às determinações do número mais provável (NMP) de coliformes totais e de coliformes fecais, 60 amostras de leite cru comercializado clandestinamente nos Municípios de Botucatu e de São Manuel, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram a ocorrência de 41 (68,3%) e 50 (83,3%) amostras com contagens de microrganismos mesófilos e de coliformes totais, respectivamente, acima dos limites máximos estabelecidos pelo Ministério da Saúde para o leite pasteurizado tipo C. Evidenciaram, ainda, a presença de 30 (50,0%) e 11 (18,3%) amostras contaminadas por cepas de Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e por coliformes fecais, respectivamente. Apenas 5 (8,3%) amostras mostraram-se dentro dos referidos padrões legais.

Efeitos de um programa de intervenção precoce baseado no modelo mais que palavras - HANEN, para crianças menores de três anos com risco de autismo

In the last decades, studies on early intervention involving children with autism have suggested that there is no single intervention model capable of addressing the needs of all individuals in the spectrum. The role of parents as active intervention agents is, however, highly recommended. The More Than Words-HANEN Program has been specifically created for parents of children, under five years of age, who are in the autism spectrum. This intervention aims at improving the social competence and language comprehension of the child, as well as their parents empowerment. Until now only three studies have been performed in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the HMTW program. The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the effects of an early intervention program inspired on HMTW model on the level of caregiver responsiveness and child communication skills. The present study adds to the existing research literature on family-centered early intervention that uses a developmental paradigm. A two year boy in risk for autism, his mother and nanny took part in this investigation, which was carried out in the child´s home in Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte. The caretakers were given one fifty-two hours of training, divided into thirteen weekly meetings. A quasi-experimental A-B-C design (baselineintervention- follow-up) showed improvement in the caretakers level of responsiveness and meaningful social-communicative gains in the child´s response

Herdabilidade de preditores do risco cardiovascular

genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of cardiovascular risk and that influence can be differentiated by factors characteristic of each population, age and sex. Aim: To investigate the heritability of anthropometric and biochemical markers as predictors of cardiovascular risk in men and women of different age groups, using the method of twins. Methods: A sample of 88 subjects and of these 52 children and adolescents (08-17 years old) 32 monozygotic (20 female and 12 male) and 20 dizygotic (12 female and 08 male) and 36 adults (18-28 years age) 24 monozygotic (08 female and 16 male) and 12 dizygotic (06 female and 06 male), living in the metropolitan region of Natal / RN, Brazil. Anthropometric measures were taken as the height, body mass, waist circumference (WC), sum of skinfolds (ΣDC), fat percentage CUN-BAE, BMI and conicity. Biochemical markers analyzed were: fasting glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (COL), HDL-C, LDL-C and triglycerides (TG). After processing the data the index of heritability (h2) = (S ² MZ) / S ² DZ (DZ S ²) X100 was applied disaggregated by sex and age. Results: The variables showed differential heritability of behavior for men and women, depending on age. The variables with the highest heritability values were ΣDC, GLU, HDL, TG, in men and BMI, WC, ΣDC, GLU, HDL-C and TG in women. And more influenced by the environment variables were: body mass, BMI, Chol, LDL-C in men; body mass and LDL-C in women. Conclusion: Differences index of heritability by gender for cardiovascular risk predictors may assist in planning specific intervention strategies according to gender and stage of life of that individual. It is from the level of environmental influence that can run interventions for changes of components related to cardiovascular risk

Úlcera de pressão em pacientes internados em um hospital universitário em Natal/RN: condições predisponentes e fatores de risco

The pressure ulcers (PU), also known as decubitus ulcers, are defined as injuries caused by the constant pressure exerted on a particular point of the body, causing impairment of blood supply with a decrease or interruption of tissue irrigation, causing occlusion of blood vessels and capillaries, ischemia and cell death. This is a descriptive study with longitudinal design, and panel type, with quantitative approach that aimed to examine the association between predisposing conditions (PC), intrinsic factors (IF) and extrinsic factors (EF) with the occurrence of PU, in hospitalized patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), pain clinical, surgical clinical and neurology wards of a university hospital. The study population was composed of all patients who were restricted to bed during the period from December 2007 to February 2008. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of HUOL / UFRN (No 135/07). The data-collection took place through a structured formulary of observation, data from medical records and physical examination of patients skins. The results were organized in SPSS 15.0 software, tabulated, categorized and analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Of the 30 patients studied, 43.3% had been hospitalized in the pain clinical and surgical clinic wards, 20.0% in the ICU, 20.0% in the ICU / ward and 16.7% in neurology, being the length of hospitalization in those units of 7 to 18 days (63.3%) and from 19 to 30 days (36.7%), predominantly female and aged ≥ 60 years (60.0%). 19 PU were diagnosed in 43.3% of patients monitored, being 38.5% with one PU between 7 to 18 days and 46.2% with two or more between 19 to 30 days of hospitalization, showing significant relationship (ρ-value = 0029) between length of hospital stay and the number of PU. Was found an association of 35.7% of the PC (cardio-respiratory, hematological, metabolic and psychogenic), IF (age group, oedema, skin changes in humidity and change of body temperature) and EF (type of mattress and strength of body pressure) for all patients studied, statistically significant (ρ-value = 0001), between the average scores in patients with and without PU, with reason chance to 12.0 for the development of PU and there was moderate correlation ( r = 0618) in the presence of this association. Results show the influence of the multiplicity of factors and conditions on the occurrence of PU, which brings us to reflect on the assistance focused on prevention and reduction of these injuries which will encourage the reduction of hospitalization length, physical and psychological suffering, and the possibility of improving the clinical condition of the patient.

Hipertensão arterial e fatores de risco em servidores atendidos pelo departamento de assistência da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte

Systemic arterial hypertension is a multifactorial disease that contributes to the country´s high cardiovascular morbi-mortality rates. Considering that hypertension affects individuals in their most productive age while facing work and living risk factors, it is important to investigate its occurrence and predisposing factors in different occupational segments. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of hypertension among workers attended to in a medical service of a public university, their hypertension levels, the risk factors present, and their knowledge of the factors that influence the arterial pressure. The epidemiologic study was conducted in the Health Department of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte with 102 workers that sought care in the medical clinic during the months of March to May 2009. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire and measurements of systolic and diastolic arterial pressure (SAP and DAP) that were classified in stages according to the Brazilian Society of Hypertension and the degree of risk for cardiovascular events according to the criteria of the Brazilian Society for Cardiology. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The workers were, on average, 54 years of age; the majority (67%) was male and had primary or middle educational level; they worked mainly in supplemental units and deanship offices conducting different functions such as security guards, administrative assistants, health auxiliaries and constructions workers; 48 (47%) of the workers identified themselves as hypertensive for 8 years on average, with the majority executing hard labor and administrative functions. Among the workers with hypertension, the number of the pressure levels classified as pre-hypertensive, stage I and II were: (12% in the SAP and 20% in the DAP); (16% in the SAP and 9% in the DAP); and (15% in the SAP and 5% in the DAP), respectively. The workers that did not identify themselves as hypertensive presented classifications with greater frequencies were: normal (16% in the SAP and 30% in the DAP); and pre-hypertensive (21% in the SAP and 16% in the DAP). The risk factors identified in more than 50% of the workers were: tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and indices of being overweight, although physical activities are also present. Of the 48 workers diagnosed as hypertensive, those that had 5 risk factors present and limitrophic pressure levels (12%), in stage I hypertension (16%) and stage II hypertension (15¨%) were categorized as being in high risk for vascular events. The number of workers that indicated they had knowledge of the factors that influence their hypertension was less than 39% for each factor. It is concluded that there is a high prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension in the university workers, even amongst those already under treatment. They constitute a population at risk considering their age group, their work functions, and their inadequate life habits. Health care of these hypertensive workers that seek attention in the Health Department is an important aspect of the internal workers health policy in the institution. Educational interventions are recommended for the improvement of quality of life and of work in these workers

Concepções de homens quanto a influência de uma gravidez sobre outra

O processo de reprodução humana é caracterizado por experiências singulares que afetam o homem e a mulher de forma diferenciada. O homem que vivencia o processo gestatório de sua companheira, mesmo não sofrendo as modificações gravídicas, enfrenta transformações relacionadas ao papel que desempenha junto à mulher gestante. Tal vivência é entremeada por significados diversos que dependem tanto da forma como ele concebe a gestação de sua companheira, como da experiência com gestações anteriores. Sendo assim, torna-se imprescindível reconhecer as concepções masculinas acerca das repercussões que uma gravidez conduz nas experiências seguintes, a fim de promover uma atenção em saúde direcionada para as necessidades apresentadas pelo homem, favorecer seu envolvimento e responsabilização no processo gestatório de sua companheira. Com base no exposto, objetivou-se compreender a concepção de homens, que vivenciam a gestação de sua companheira, acerca da influência de uma gravidez anterior sobre as demais. Para tal foi realizado uma pesquisa qualitativa por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada com homens que vivenciaram duas ou mais gestações de sua companheira com intervalo de no máximo cinco anos entre tais experiências. Cumpre ressaltar que as entrevistas ocorreram após parecer favorável de no 045/2011, emitido pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Os dados foram coletados por amostragem teórica e analisados, seguindo as etapas da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados, sob a ótica proposta pelo Interacionismo Simbólico. Seguindo o percurso dos referenciais adotados, foram elaboradas três categorias: Sentimentos vivenciados pelo homem diante da gestação da companheira, Expectativas do homem diante da gestação da companheira e Repercussões da vivência de uma gravidez anterior sobre a seguinte. A análise das propriedades e dimensões de tais categorias suscitou à construção da teoria Influências de uma gravidez sobre a outra. Assim evidenciou-se que a gravidez anterior influencia nos sentimentos do homem diante de uma nova gestação, nas suas expectativas, principalmente quanto ao sexo do segundo filho, bem como em suas atitudes e comportamentos diante da companheira, do primogênito e do recém-nascido. Revelou-se que em todos esses aspectos ocorreram processos interativos do homem consigo mesmo, com sua companheira e com o contexto social no qual estava inserido. Assim sendo, conclui-se que a interação que o homem estabelece com a experiência anterior conduz a determinação de seus sentimentos e ações frente ao advento de uma nova gravidez. Diante disso, compreende-se que o entendimento sobre tal assunto é imprescindível para fundamentar ações do enfermeiro voltadas à inserção do homem no processo de gravidez, por meio da compreensão das repercussões de vivências anteriores na sua experiência com as demais gestações. Essa compreensão possibilitará uma dinâmica familiar favorável à adaptações requeridas em processos gestatórios seguintes, centrada na satisfação e valorização de seus membros.

Vivência de mulheres em situação de cárcere penitenciário durante o período gestacional

The gradual increase of violence in Brazilian society has being resulting in a growing of the prison population over last years, as well as the proportion of women than men. The participation of women in crime and responsibilities within her family makes this phenomenon a growing social problem. Women prisoners are mostly young, in reproductive age, making pregnancy a recurrent situation while they are serving a sentence. The studies about female criminality are poor and not helpful about its real dimension, especially when targeted to women who experienced pregnancy in this environment. Given these considerations, this research had as its object of study the experience of women in prison during pregnancy: analyze the experience of women in prison during the gestational period. This is a descriptive and qualitative study. The data were sourced through a semi-structured interview with nine incarcerated women, between August and September 2011, who met the inclusion criteria previously established, and organized according to the precepts of content analysis according to Bardin. Through this coding and classification process became a central thematic: the experience of women in prison during pregnancy, resulting in three categories: category 1 interpersonal relationships; category 2 - feelings that permeate the pregnant woman in prison; and category 3 absence of health care to incarcerated pregnant. The data were analyzed according to the available literature and the study revealed that interpersonal relationships, maintained by these women in prison, were marked by distance from family members, primarily due to socioeconomic factors, being a challenge for addressing of pregnancy in prison and reports of abuse of power by employees working in the institution. The women, who experience pregnancy in prison are more likely to experience feelings of worry, doubts, sadness and fear for baby s health due to lack of antenatal care and about the prison environment structure to meet your needs. The health care aimed at these women is poor and often does not occur, endangering the baby s life and his own mother, this is being a troubling reality in public health system. Finally, it is expected that this study can give visibility to an issue rarely discussed in the literature and contribute to the construction of specific public policies for this reality, in order to minimize the effects of incarceration during pregnancy

Assistência de enfermagem e o risco para úlceras de pressão medido pela Escala de Braden em unidade de terapia intensiva

The problem facing the incidence of pressure ulcers (UP) in the hospital environment especially in the intensive care unit (ICU), although it is an old and frequent event in our professional practice, it is not notified in the researches as much as it should be. We observed a tendency to invest in therapeutical and in studies about the production of sophisticated new bandages. Few, however, are the investments in research on preventive measures in order to prevent or at least slow down the development of lesions. In this sense, the study aimed to analyze the correlation between nursing care and the risk of developing UP measured by the Braden scale in ICU patients. This is a descriptive study of longitudinal quantitative approach. The project obtained a favourable opinion from the Ethics Committee of HUOL (no 486/10). Data collection was carried out in the Hospital of Unimed in Natal during six months in 2011. The sample was of 32 patients hospitalized in ICU for over four days. The results were processed in SPSS 15.0 for descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. We identified that, only 9.4% of our sample developed UP, being predominantly male, elderly people aged above 60 years, Caucasian, with diagnostic hypothesis at the time of hospitalization of sepsis, were clinical patients, who presented hemodynamic instability, using orotracheal tube (TOT), enteral probe (SNE), vesical probe delay (SVD) and had values of albumin and hemoglobin levels below normal. In addition, these patients had a longer hospital stay, longer usage of TOT, SNE, SVD, increased use of sedation and drain than those who did not develop UP and were all at risk for developing these injuries second Braden scores. 66.7% of the lesions developed were located in the sacral region, limiting the degree I and all patients that developed were considered serious, 100.0% of them have evolved since the death. Small were the differences between the averages of Braden scores between patients with and without UP, 11,9+2,4 against 12,4+2,6 with p = 0.627. The clinical aspects of the patients in the study were instrumental in the development of UP, once, these findings were statistically significant through the Mann-Whitney test, and appropriateness of nursing conduct was decisive for the prevention of pressure ulcers in critical patients, since many were those classified as at risk (28) and few who have developed lesions (03)

Um estudo da aplicação do conceito de risco na conscientização e conhecimento de estudantes de ensino técnico sobre riscos de segurança e saúde ocupacional em laboratório de soldagem

This dissertation presents a discussion on the level of risk awareness of students who have welding practice in the laboratories at CEFET/PI, both in Teresina and Floriano. Its main goal is to investigate risk factors involving students, teachers and employees that work in these laboratories. It s an empirical survey, held among a certain amount of students from the course in Mechanic Technology. For data analysis, the concept of risk was compared to the students direct measure of perception. The main results suggest the students must be better informed, more risk aware and more competent, in order to avoid accidents. They also point to a strong need for a more formal and effective performance to assure full consciousness about the risks involving the welding practice.

Análise econômica da produção de frango de corte sob condições de risco no estado do Paraná

A avicultura de corte constitui-se numa importante atividade econômica no estado do Paraná e, como qualquer outra, está sujeita a riscos. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, proceder à análise econômica da produção integrada de frango de corte, avaliando os riscos, considerando os sistemas climatizado, automático e manual. Utilizando-se as variáveis de risco: preço do produto, produtividade e custos de produção foi possível identificar as principais fontes de risco e sua influência na renda líquida. Os resultados apontaram que a rentabilidade da atividade é mais sensível aos componentes da receita do que de custos, sendo o preço a variável de maior sensibilidade. Verificou-se também que o aviário climatizado apresenta possibilidades de prejuízo mais alto para menores níveis de risco e, à medida que o risco aumenta, oferece retornos mais interessantes, em comparação aos sistemas automático e manual. O sistema manual foi o que passou a apresentar retorno a níveis de risco maior (acima de 25%).

Relacionamento de diferentes domínios da atividade física habitual com indicadores de risco cardiovascular em adultos jovens do sexo masculino

Objectives: To analyze different physical activities domains in healthy adults and correlate with cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: The sample was composed by 32 Physical Education undergraduate students, with mean age of 22.6 years old. Adiposity was assessed by waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI) and bioelectrical impedance. Additionally, fast glucose (10-12 hours), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were assessed. Physical activity level was assessed by questionnaire (Baecke et al., 1982). Results: sports activities and leisure time were not related with cardiovascular risk factors. However, job activities were negatively related with %BF, SBP and DBP. Conclusion: Different physical activity domains should be considered when analyzing its associations with health indicators.

Exploração de fatores de risco para lesões no atletismo de alta performance

Os fatores de risco para instalação de lesões do esporte têm sido pesquisados no sentido de facilitar o entendimento sobre o assunto. Contudo, para altos níveis de performance, nos eventos de pista e campo do atletismo, são escassos os documentos que abordam o tema. Assim, a partir da possibilidade de reunir informações sobre a condição descrita, objetivou-se com o presente estudo a exploração de fatores de risco para lesões desportivas no atletismo, a partir de inquérito aplicado a atletas da elite mundial da modalidade. A população foi composta por 60 homens e 60 mulheres alocados em grupos conforme a especificidade de sua modalidade (velocidade, resistência, arremessos e saltos). Realizou-se entrevista utilizando-se de inquérito de morbidade referida, abordando questões sobre variáveis antropométricas e de treinamento, assim como lesões. Utilizou-se a técnica da análise de variância paramétrica para as variáveis antropométricas (idade, peso, estatura) e da técnica da análise de variância não paramétrica em relação às variáveis de treinamento (anos de treinamento e horas semanais). Para associação entre momento de lesão e especialidades, utilizou-se do teste de Goodman em nível de 5% de significância. Os resultados mostraram que houve elevada freqüência de lesões na modalidade em ambos os sexos. As taxas de lesão por atleta entrevistado foram de 0,92 (velocidade), 1,08 (resistência), 1,22 (saltos) e 1,20 (arremessos). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante para as variáveis antropométricas e de treinamento em relação às provas, com exceção dos saltadores, que apresentaram diferenças para estatura e tempo de treinamento; nesse caso, os acometidos são mais altos ou praticam atletismo há menos tempo (P < 0,05). Concluiu-se que, para população estudada, o risco de lesão é acentuado, mas sem relação entre variáveis e presença de agravos, salvo para especialistas em provas de saltos, que apresentaram estatura e tempo de treinamento como fatores predisponentes à lesão.