Avaliação histeroscópica em pacientes com infertilidade

OBJETIVO: descrever os achados da histeroscopia em pacientes com infertilidade. MÉTODOS: série retrospectiva de 953 pacientes com diagnóstico de infertilidade avaliadas por histeroscopia. As 957 pacientes em pesquisa de infertilidade foram submetidas à histeroscopia, preferencialmente na primeira fase do ciclo menstrual. Quando necessário, foram realizadas as biópsias, dirigida (sob visão direta durante o exame) ou orientada, utilizando uma cureta de Novak após definir o local a ser biopsiado durante o exame histeroscópico. Foram utilizadas porcentagens para determinação da frequência dos desfechos e teste de χ2 para correlações. O programa estatístico EpiInfo 2000 (CDC) foi utilizado para análise dos dados. RESULTADOS: cavidade uterina normal foi encontrada em 436 casos (45,8%). Esse foi o diagnóstico mais frequente em mulheres com infertilidade primária e naquelas com nenhum ou um aborto (p<0,05). Achados anormais foram diagnosticados em 517 de 953 casos (54,2%) e incluíram sinéquias intrauterinas em 185 pacientes (19,4%), pólipo endometrial em 115 (12,1%), pólipos endocervicais em 66 (6,0%), miomas submucosos em 47 (4,9%), hiperplasia endometrial em 39 (4,1%), adenomiose em cinco (0,5%), endometrite (com confirmação histopatológica) em quatro (0,4%), metaplasia óssea endometrial em dois (0,4%) e câncer do endométrio em um caso (0,1%). Alterações morfológicas e funcionais do útero foram detectadas em 5,6% dos casos, incluindo malformações uterinas em 32 (3,4%) e incompetência istmo-cervical em 21 (2,2%). CONCLUSÕES: sinéquias intrauterinas foram os achados anormais mais frequentes em pacientes avaliadas para infertilidade. Pacientes com histórico de aborto e infertilidade devem ser submetidas à histeroscopia para descartar sinéquias intrauterinas como uma possível causa de infertilidade.

Frequencies of DEA blood types in a purebred canine blood donor population in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

The study of canine immunohematology is very important for veterinary transfusion medicine. The objective of this study was to determine the DEA blood type frequencies in a purebred canine blood donor population from Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. One hundred clinically healthy purebred dogs were chosen, 20 dogs from each breed (Great Dane, Rottweiler, Golden Retriever, German Shepherd and Argentine Dogo). Blood samples were taken in ACD-A tubes and the MSU hemagglutination tube test (MI, USA) was used to determine the blood types. The studied population presented general frequencies of 61% for DEA 1.1, 22% for DEA 1.2, 7% for DEA 3, 100% for DEA 4, 9% for DEA 5 and 16% for DEA 7. A significant association was found between breeds and certain combinations of blood types in this population. The results are in agreement with the literature since most part of the canine population studied was positive for DEA 1.1, the most antigenic blood type in dogs. Differences were found among the studied breeds and those should be considered when selecting a blood donor. The knowledge of blood types frequencies and their combinations in different canine populations, including different breeds, is important because it shows the particularities of each group, helps to keep a data bank of local frequencies and minimizes the risks of transfusion reactions.

Kaikki kotkasta

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

The effect of celebrity CEO’s crisis communication to crisis outcome

The purpose of this this study is to examine the effects that a celebrity CEO’s crisis communication has on the crisis outcome and further on the quick decision response, resource mobilization and information flow during a crisis. The research was conducted using a multiple embedded case method, with four cases that represent different kinds of crisis that have all involved a celebrity CEO. The cases have been collected from various secondary data sources. The results of the study indicate that in crisis situations the celebrity CEO is expected to take responsibility of the crisis communication. The CEO needs to understand how and what to communicate in these situations and they need to make quick decisions even with limited information available. Crisis outcome is highly dependent on the golden hour crisis communication and there the performance of the celebrity CEO is crucial.

Septimius Severuksen vuosisataisjuhlat yhteisöllisen identiteetin rakentajana

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Nanoparticle-Assisted Immunoassays for Point-of-Care Testing - With Specific Interest in Minimally Interference-Prone Assays for Cardiac Troponin I

Cardiac troponins (cTn) I and T are the current golden standard biochemical markers in the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome. During the past few years, novel assays capable of detecting cTn‐concentrations in >50% of apparently healthy individuals have become readily available. With the emerging of these high sensitivity cTn assays, reductions in the assay specificity have caused elevations in the measured cTn levels that do not correlate with the clinical picture of the patient. The increased assay sensitivity may reveal that various analytical interference mechanisms exist. This doctoral thesis focused on developing nanoparticle‐assisted immunometric assays that could possibly be applied to an automated point‐of‐care system. The main objective was to develop minimally interference‐prone assays for cTnI by employing recombinant antibody fragments. Fast 5‐ and 15‐minute assays for cTnI and D‐dimer, a degradation product of fibrin, based on intrinsically fluorescent nanoparticles were introduced, thus highlighting the versatility of nanoparticles as universally applicable labels. The utilization of antibody fragments in different versions of the developed cTnI‐assay enabled decreases in the used antibody amounts without sacrificing assay sensitivity. In addition, the utilization of recombinant antibody fragments was shown to significantly decrease the measured cTnI concentrations in an apparently healthy population, as well as in samples containing known amounts of potentially interfering factors: triglycerides, bilirubin, rheumatoid factors, or human anti‐mouse antibodies. When determining the specificity of four commercially available antibodies for cTnI, two out of the four cross‐reacted with skeletal troponin I, but caused crossreactivity issues in patient samples only when paired together. In conclusion, the results of this thesis emphasize the importance of careful antibody selection when developing cTnI assays. The results with different recombinant antibody fragments suggest that the utilization of antibody fragments should strongly be encouraged in the immunoassay field, especially with analytes such as cTnI that require highly sensitive assay approaches.

Inviting the Audience – Interactive, Participatory, and Social Television in Finland

The television and the ways it has invited the audience to take part have been changing during the last decade. Today’s interaction, or rather participation, comes from multiplatform formats, such as TV spectacles that combine TV and web platforms in order to create a wider TV experience. Multiplatform phenomena have spread television consumption and traditional coffee table discussions to several different devices and environments. Television has become a part of the bigger puzzle of interconnected devices that operates on several platforms instead of just one. This thesis examines the Finnish television (2004–2014) through the notion of audience participation and introduces the technical, thematic, and social linkages as three different phases, interactive, participatory, social, and their most characteristic features in terms of audience participation. The aim of the study is also to focus on the idea of a possible change by addressing the possible and subtler variations that have taken place through the concept of digital television. Firstly, Finnish television history has gone through numerous trials, exploring the interactive potential of television formats. Finnish SMS-based iTV had its golden era around 2005, when nearly 50% of the television formats were to some extent interactive. Nowadays, interactive television formats have vanished due to their negative reputation and this important part of recent history is mainly been neglected in the academic scope. The dissertation focuses also on the present situation and the ways television content invites the audience to take part. “TV meets the Internet” is a global expression that characterises digital TV, and the use of the Web combined with television content is also examined. Also the linkages between television and social media are identified. Since television can nowadays be described multifaceted, the research approaches are also versatile. The research is based on qualitative content analysis, media observation, and Internet inquiry. The research material also varies. It consists of primary data: taped iTV formats, website material, and social media traces both from Twitter and Facebook and secondary data: discussion forums, observations from the media and Internet inquiry data. To sum up the results, the iTV phase represented, through its content, a new possibility for audiences to take part in a TV show (through gameful and textual features) in real-time. In participatory phase, the most characteristic features from TV-related content view, is the fact that online platform(s) were used to immerse the audience with additional material and, due to this, to extend the TV watching enjoyment beyond the actual broadcast. During the Social (media) phase, both of these features, real-timeness, and extended enjoyment through additional material, are combined and Facebook & Twitter, for example, are used to immerse people in live events (in real-time) via broadcast-related tweets and extra-material offered on a Facebook page. This thesis fills in the gap in Finnish television research by examining the rapid changes taken place on the field within the last ten years. The main results is that the development of Finnish digital television has been much more diverse and subtle than has been anticipated by following only the news, media, and contemporary discourses on the subject of television. The results will benefit both practitioners and academics by identifying the recent history of Finnish television.

Influência da atmosfera modificada por filmes plásticos sobre a qualidade do mamão armazenado sob refrigeração

A utilização de embalagens constitui uma ferramenta importante no armazenamento de frutas. Neste trabalho foi avaliado o efeito dos filmes plásticos, Xtend® e PEBD, sobre a conservação do mamão. Frutos de mamoeiro "Golden", apresentando de 10 a 15% de coloração amarela na casca, após passarem por tratamentos térmicos e químicos, foram embalados individualmente e armazenados por 32 dias a 10 °C (90-95% UR). Frutos sem embalagem serviram de controle. Durante o período de armazenamento foram avaliadas as características de perda de massa, firmeza, sólidos solúveis totais, acidez titulável, pH, a razão SST/AT e a quantidade relativa de CO2 no interior das embalagens. Os resultados mostraram que os frutos embalados com o filme Xtend® apresentaram menor acúmulo de CO2 do que os frutos embalados com PEBD. Entretanto, a perda de massa foi minimizada pelo filme de PEBD, evitando o enrugamento da superfície durante os 32 dias de estocagem a 10 °C. Os dois tipos de filmes suprimiram o aumento de SST nos frutos ao final da estocagem, minimizando também a concentração de ácidos orgânicos. Os frutos embalados com o filme Xtend® apresentaram os maiores valores da razão SST/AT devido ao menor conteúdo final de acidez e de sólidos solúveis totais.

Teores de carotenóides em mamão e pêssego determinados por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência

Os carotenóides são pigmentos naturais, responsáveis pela cor em muitos alimentos como frutas e vegetais, gema de ovo, pele e músculo de alguns peixes. Porém, sua importância também está relacionada a funções ou ações biológicas nos seres humanos, como atividade pró-vitamínica A, fortalecimento do sistema imunológico, diminuição do risco de doenças degenerativas como câncer, doenças cardiovasculares, degeneração macular e catarata. A determinação da composição de carotenóides em alimentos, portanto, é considerada prioritária mundialmente. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar quantitativamente, por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, os principais carotenóides presentes em três cultivares de mamão (Formosa, Golden e Sunrise) e três cultivares de pêssego (Xiripá, Coral e Diamante). Para cada cultivar, foram analisados cinco lotes durante o ano para mamão e durante a safra para pêssego. Os três cultivares de mamão apresentaram composição parecida com as médias dos conteúdos totais de licopeno, beta-criptoxantina e beta-caroteno variando de 18,5 a 23,9, 8,2 a 11,7 e 0,5 a 1,2 µg.g -1, respectivamente. Em relação ao pêssego, os cultivares Coral e Xiripá tiveram níveis muito baixos de carotenóides. O cultivar Diamante teve um teor total médio de 6,4 µg.g -1 de beta-criptoxantina, o carotenóide principal.

Quality of mussels cultivated and commercialized in Ubatuba, SP, Brazil: monitoration Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus growth after post-harvest processing

Aiming at improving the quality of Perna perna mussels cultivated and commercialized in Ubatuba, SP, Brazil, the growth and elimination of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus artificially inoculated in mussels were studied. The inoculation was carried out in "in natura" and pre-cooked mussels for 30 min, and after that the mussels were kept for 10 hours at room temperature (25 ± 1 °C) and under refrigeration (7 ± 1 °C). Six thermal treatments were evaluated: three using steam (5, 10 and 15 minutes) and three in boiling water (5, 10 and 15 minutes), in order to find the best time/temperature binomial to provide pathogenic control. Yield and physical-chemical and sensory characteristics were evaluated. All thermal treatments were efficient to eliminate microorganisms in 2 logarithmic cycles. However, the boiling water treatments presented better results than the steam treatments. The physical-chemical and sensory analyses did not show statistical differences among the thermal treatments studied. The best performances were reached in the shortest times of heat exposure. Overall, the treatments in boiling water presented better results than the steam treatments.

Effect of pectinolitic enzymes on the physical properties of caja-manga (Spondias cytherea Sonn.) pulp

Cajá-manga, also known as golden apple and hog-plum, is an exotic fruit native from Îles de la Société (French Polynesia), which was first introduced in Brazil in 1985. The pulp of ripe fruit was treated with the commercial enzymatic pool and its effect was evaluated in terms of yield, as well as the physical properties viscosity, turbidity and color (L* values). Response surface methodology was used and three levels were adopted for the independent variables temperature (30, 40, and 50 ºC), incubation time (30, 60 and 90 minutes) and enzyme concentration (0.01, 0.05, 0.09 v/v%). A central composite statistical design was used to guide the experimental work. The enzyme treatment highly increased both juice yield (up to 56%) and color (up to 8.6%) and strongly decreased viscosity (up to 57.4%), clarity (up to 77%) and turbidity (up to 85.5%). Incubation time was the most interacting facto, whereas temperature was the least one. Optimization analysis was carried out to reduce enzyme concentration to a minimum by superposing the contour plots of the tested properties, and the recommended ranges of the variables enzyme concentration, process temperature and incubation time were, respectively, 0.042-0.068%, 47.0-49.0 ºC and 82-90 minutes.

Antioxidant capacity and chemical composition in seeds rich in omega-3: chia, flax, and perilla

The chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of five seeds, chia, golden flax, brown flax, white perilla, and brown perilla, were determined. The chemical properties analyzed included moisture, ash, crude protein, carbohydrates, total lipids, fatty acids, and antioxidant capacity (ABTS•+, DPPH•, and FRAP). The results showed the highest amounts of protein and total lipids in brown and white perilla. Perilla and chia showed higher amounts of alpha-linolenic fatty acid than those of flaxseed varieties, ranging between 531.44 mg g-1 of lipids in brown perilla, 539.07 mg g-1 of lipids in white perilla, and 544.85 mg g-1 of lipis in chia seed. The antioxidant capacity of the seeds, evaluated with ABTS•+, DPPH• , and FRAP methods, showed that brown perilla had greater antioxidant capacity when compared with white perilla, flax, and chia seeds.

Evaluation of biological activities of Physalis peruviana ethanol extracts and expression of Bcl-2 genes in HeLa cells

Physalis species are used in folk medicine for phytotherapeutic properties. The extracts of medicinal plants are known to possess cytotoxic and chemopreventative compounds. In this study we investigated antibacterial, antioxidant, DNA damage preventative properties of Physalis peruviana (golden berry) on leaf and shoot ethanol extracts and their effects on cytotoxicity of HeLa cells and expression of apoptotic pathway genes. Among the tested bacteria for antibacterial activity, maximum inhibition zone was determined in Lactococcus lactis. The phenolic content was found higher in leaf extracts than shoot extracts. The antioxidant activity showed the highest TEAC values of the leaf (2 mg/mL) and the shoot (0.5 mg/mL) extracts as 0.291±0.04 and 0.192±0.015, respectively. In DNA damage prevention assay both leaf and shoot extracts, especially 30 and 20 µg/mL concentrations, exhibited significant protection against DNA damage-induced by hydroxyl radical generated by Fenton reaction. Our results suggest that leaf and shoot extracts possess cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells when applied as 100 µg/mL concentration. Also mRNA expression analysis showed the alteration of antiapoptotic genes, so the results suggest that P. peruviana ethanol extracts induce apoptotic cell death and should be investigated for identification of active compounds and their mechanisms of action.

Avaliação do vigor de sementes de melão pelo teste de deterioração controlada

O trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a eficiência do teste de deterioração controlada para avaliar o vigor de sementes de melão (Cucumis melo L.). Inicialmente, sementes de quatro lotes do híbrido Golden Mine tiveram o seu teor de água ajustado para 20 e 24%. Foram então submetidas à deterioração controlada em banho Maria, a 45º C, por 24 e 48 horas. Os resultados obtidos foram relacionados aos de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, germinação a baixa temperatura, emergência de plântulas em solo e comprimento médio de plântula. Os resultados indicaram que a deterioração controlada a 45º C por 48 horas, utilizando-se sementes com grau de umidade de 24%, foi o procedimento mais eficiente para a separação dos lotes em níveis de vigor.

Influência da água e do potássio na qualidade da semente de mamoeiro

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar o efeito da adubação potássica e das diferentes lâminas de irrigação sobre a germinação e o vigor das sementes de mamoeiro. Foram utilizadas sementes provenientes de frutos hermafroditas de mamoeiro do grupo Solo (cv. Golden), colhidos no estádio dois de maturação, na Fazenda Santa Terezinha, pertencente a Caliman Agrícola, localizada no município de Linhares - ES. Após a colheita, os frutos permaneceram armazenados por oito dias em local aberto e arejado. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por cinco lâminas de irrigação equivalentes a 70, 90, 110, 130 e 150% da evapotranspiração de referência e quatro doses de potássio (30, 42, 54 e 66g/planta), aplicadas mensalmente até o término do experimento. O espaçamento utilizado foi de, respectivamente, 3,6m e 2,0m para as fileiras duplas e simples e a distância entre as plantas dentro das fileiras foi de 1,8m. As características avaliadas foram germinação e vigor, este último determinado pela primeira contagem do teste de germinação e pela classificação de plântulas. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, sendo os dados submetidos à análise de variância e regressão. A dose de 35g de potássio associada à irrigação equivalente a 70% da evapotranspiração propiciou os maiores valores de germinação e que a combinação adequada da dose de potássio e lâmina de irrigação contribuiu de maneira significativa para o aumento do vigor das sementes de mamoeiro.