多目标追逐问题的一种混合整数线性规划解

研究多车辆多目标追逐的路径规划问题。提出两个基于混合整数线性规划(Mixed integer linear programming,MILP)的多目标追逐(Multi-target pursuit,MTP)模型:就近追逐和"一对一"使能追逐。在两个MIP追逐模型中,小车运动的状态方程考虑为具有线性阻尼的质点动力学方程。采用整数变量描述小车与障碍物的相对位置信息,提出"目标膨胀尺寸"的概念来描述对目标的追逐,定义小车的"追逐方向"。采用选取整变量的等高面法求解MILP追逐问题,并给出初始内点整变量的确定方法。最后给出仿真试验1对两个多目标追逐模型进行对比研究,仿真试验2证实了算法的效率。

基于AFM的机器人化纳米操作中纳观力的初步研究

针对基于原子力显微镜(AFM)的机器人化纳米操作,对探针作用下探针—基片—微粒之间纳观力的作用规律进行了初步分析.指出起主要作用的纳观力为范德华力、接触斥力、纳米摩擦力、毛细作用力以及纳米静电力等五种,并初步推导了各种纳观力的表达形式.通过力—距离曲线仿真与实验验证了所进行分析的合理性;该分析有助于进行纳米操作的精确控制.

新型蛇形机器人蜿蜒运动的动力学分析

为提高蛇形机器人执行各种运动的能力,研制了新型蛇形机器人系统.重点研究了该蛇形机器人的动力学.建立了机器人的运动学模型,并根据运动学模型提出了控制蛇形机器人蜿蜒运动的复合运动控制方法.用拉格朗日方法建立动力学模型,对不同参数下蛇形机器人的关节力矩特性和摩擦力特性进行了分析比较,为蛇形机器人的有效运动提供了理论依据.

基于加速度反馈的柔性关节机械臂接触力控制

针对柔性关节机械臂从自由空间运动控制过渡到约束空间力控制的过程中,存在冲击、震荡甚至不稳定等问题,利用加速度传感器反馈控制,为柔性关节机械臂的接触力控制在较宽的带宽内提供阻尼,克服了利用单纯速度反馈控制带宽窄的局限。对柔性关节机械臂的接触力控制进行建模和基于加速度反馈的控制策略分析,并在柔性关节机械臂上进行了接触力控制的试验研究。结果表明,这种方法有效。

空间对接机构缓冲系统及其运动学建模

以异体同构周边式对接机构差动式缓冲系统为对象 ,将缓冲机构分解成 6个独立分支 ,通过设立局部坐标系 ,建立缓冲系统运动学正、逆解模型。该建模方法可以消除各分支之间的耦合关系 ,使建模得以简化。算例说明这种缓冲系统运动学模型是正确有效的。

基于模型扰动抑制的直线伺服系统设计

针对高精度、微进给永磁直线交流同步电机 (PMLSM )驱动系统 ,采用基于模型的扰动抑制 (MBDA)方法 ,对诸如摩擦力、切削力、负载变动之类的扰动进行抑制。MBDA是利用一个与系统并行的标称模型 ,通过输出反馈 ,将系统输出与标称模型输出进行比较 ,得出误差信号 ,并通过设计一个补偿器将误差信号反馈给被控对象的输入端 ,从而实现扰动抑制。同时 ,针对速度环设计了积分 -比例 (IP)控制器 ,以满足系统快速跟踪指令的要求 ,并且其具有较强的抗扰动能力。仿真结果表明 ,该控制方法响应速度快 ,抗干扰能力强

空间对接机构差动式缓冲系统动力学建模与仿真

对接技术是空间交会对接的关键技术，是建立大型空间站，进行复杂空间作业的前‘提，是我国载人航天工程实施需要迫切解决的问题。对接机构缓冲系统是对接机构的核心部分，决定着对接过程的动力学特性，对实现两航大器安全可靠的对接起着至关重要的作用。对接机构缓冲系统结构和工作原理复杂，是一个多自由度、多变量、高度非线性、多参数祸合的动力学系统，对其进行研究是对接机构研制的核心工作，具有重要的理论和实践意义。本文针对我国载人航天工程正在研制的周边式对接机构差动式缓冲系统进行了以’一厂研究：建立了对接机构缓冲系统的运动学模型，利用Lagrange方程建．立了差动式缓冲系统动力学模型，该模型综合体现了缓冲系统参数对缓冲特性的影响。同时，为缓冲系统实时动力学仿真模型的建立奠定了理论基础。首次建立了对接机构缓冲系统全真可视化实时动力学仿真模型，将约束的真实传动特性反映到仿真模型中，解决了多体动力学建模时山一于对杆自差织，合中两根丝杠佩的适动特性进行近似相等假设所造成的缓冲系统动态特J性失真问题，实现了非线性强棍合系统的实时动态仿真。 利用快速极坐标搜索法，进行了对接环工作空间的确定，基于模态测试方法提出了缓冲系统等效特性的虚拟试验方案，得到了系统的动静态力学性能参数，实现了对对接机构缓冲系统设计的验证。总结出对接机构的最大行程和缓冲阻尼特性的变化规律，建立了机构最大工作行程与机构传动链参数和缓冲元件结构参数的关系模型、系统等效缓冲阻尼特性与缓冲元件性能参数的关系模型，对缓冲系统的深入研究有很大的理论价值，对对接机构缓冲系统的工程设计具有重要的指导意义。建立了缓冲系统的缓冲力与对接环相应姿态的高阶关系模型，有效地提高了对接过程动力学仿真的精度。对接机构缓冲系统的动力学建模与仿真，对空间对接技术的研究，载．人航天一L程的顺利实施具有重要意义。对对接机构的研制具有很人的指导意义，为对接过程动力学研究和对接机构的深入设计奠定了坚实的基础。本文的研究结果，己在上海航天局八0五所对接机构的研制中得到了应用。

基于加速度传感器反馈控制的谐波驱动系统的研究

在机器人驱动中经常采用谐波传动。但谐波减速器的柔性、非线性摩擦、随速度波动、低阻尼等因素会给负载端带来振动 ,导致工作端的轨迹跟踪精度不高。为了抑制其振动 ,实现高精度轨迹跟踪控制 ,提出利用加速度传感器反馈控制来抑制负载端的振动、力矩干扰和动力学效应 ,提高其响应性能。理论分析和实验结果证实了提出方法的可行性。

谐波驱动系统的特性及控制策略研究

谐波传动有很多优点，在机器人驱动中经常被使用．但谐波传动也有一些缺点，如柔性等因素影响负载端轨迹跟踪精度．本文系统地分析了谐波传动系统的动力学特性，建立了包括电机转子惯量在内的动力学模型，疽对系统进行全面实验研究的基础上总结出谐波传动系统中存在的问题，采用相应的基于传感器的控制策略克服存在的问题，提高系统的响应性能．从理论分析和实验结果证实了提出方法的可行性。

复杂应力环境下断续节理岩体真三轴实验研究及其工程应用

The great deal of joints and faults , existing in the rock mass , are the leading cause of discontinuous rock mass. Structural planes not only destroy the integrality of rock mass, but also lead nonlinearity、heterogeneity、anisotropy and failure mode on mechanical properties of rock mass. Therefore the selection of strength and deformation parameters was very difficult. In practical rock mass engineering, equivalent parameters of rock mass were selected by the method of expert experience and engineering analogy. Based on the fine description of discontinuous joints in the type Ⅳ and Ⅴ rock mass and geological survey datum in situ, models was obtained by generalizing the structure of rock mass by the method of statistical analysis. Model intensity and deformation test were carried out on the true triaxial apparatus. Intermediate principle stress effect, anisotropy and dimension effect of discontinuous rock mass were considered in the model test. 3-D correction to Hoek-Brown empirical criterion was done by analysed the test datum. Detailed works were listed as follows: (1) The factors influenced intensity and deformation of discontinuous joints rock mass were the value of 、continuity, density and included angle of joints and anisotropy of joint plane. True triaxial intensity and deformation tests were carried out by considering above factors. The influence rule was obtained and corresponding relation formulary was established； (2) Based on the true triaxial tests under different stress path and load modes, we obtain intensity and deformation rule of rock mass； (3) Based on a great deal of true triaxial tests and other test datum, correction to the Hoek-Brown empirical criterion was done in the chapter 4. The intermediate principle stress was considered in the corrected formulary. It indicated that the formulary was applicable under a certain condition. In addition, the yield plane form of corrected Hoek-Brown empirical criterion under principle stress space was described in the paper. And the question of corner of yield plane was discussed； (4) Based on the single discontinuity theory, the three-dimensional intensity formulary of discontinuous joint rock mass was established. Correction to the intensity formulary was done considering intermediate principle stress effect. We may obtain the conclusion that the intensity of the discontinuous joint rock mass was influenced on compositive factors. They were 、 、continuity、internal frictional angle and cohesiveness of joint plane and rock； (5) The results of the true triaxial model test was applied into parameters evaluation of dam foundation rock mass of JinPing hydropower station. For there were abundant ophicalcite in the dam foundation, the interval of intensity and formation parameters influenced on continuity were determined based on test datum. (6) Especial mould for prismatic jointing model was designed. True triaxial intensity and deformation tests by Basalt with prismatic jointing were carried out. The influence of intermediate principle stress, stress path, anisotropy effect and dimensional effect to intensity and deformation was discussed in the chapter 6. The work of (3)、(4)、(6) was significative supplement and innovation to current test and theory.

Shaping Inputs to Reduce Vibration: A Vector Diagram Approach

This paper describes a method for limiting vibration in flexible systems by shaping the system inputs. Unlike most previous attempts at input shaping, this method does not require an extensive system model or lengthy numerical computation; only knowledge of the system natural frequency and damping ratio are required. The effectiveness of this method when there are errors in the system model is explored and quantified. An algorithm is presented which, given an upper bound on acceptable residual vibration amplitude, determines a shaping strategy that is insensitive to errors in the estimated natural frequency. A procedure for shaping inputs to systems with input constraints is outlined. The shaping method is evaluated by dynamic simulations and hardware experiments.

Controle biológico da podridão de raízes causada por Pythium spp. em cultivos hidropônicos.

2009

Doenças em viveiro de mudas de aceroleira.

Várias doenças atacam a aceroleira, cuja severidade depende da região e das condições climáticas. Dentre elas, as mais comuns nos viveiros de muda da Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura Tropical, em Cruz das Almas, BA, são a antacnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), a cercosporiose (Cercospora sp.) e o tombamento ou "damping off" (Rhizoctonia sp.). Sua ocorrência em genótipos suscetiveis pode causar grandes prejuízos ao desenvolvimento das plantas. São apresentados os sitomas causados por esta doença, visando facilitar o seu reconhecimento e prosterior adoção das medidas de controle.

Understanding and Modeling the Behavior of a Harmonic Drive Gear Transmission

In my research, I have performed an extensive experimental investigation of harmonic-drive properties such as stiffness, friction, and kinematic error. From my experimental results, I have found that these properties can be sharply non-linear and highly dependent on operating conditions. Due to the complex interaction of these poorly behaved transmission properties, dynamic response measurements showed surprisingly agitated behavior, especially around system resonance. Theoretical models developed to mimic the observed response illustrated that non-linear frictional effects cannot be ignored in any accurate harmonic-drive representation. Additionally, if behavior around system resonance must be replicated, kinematic error and transmission compliance as well as frictional dissipation from gear-tooth rubbing must all be incorporated into the model.

A Planning System for Robot Construction Tasks

This paper describes BUILD, a computer program which generates plans for building specified structures out of simple objects such as toy blocks. A powerful heuristic control structure enables BUILD to use a number of sophisticated construction techniques in its plans. Among these are the incorporation of pre-existing structure into the final design, pre-assembly of movable sub-structures on the table, and use of the extra blocks as temporary supports and counterweights in the course of construction. BUILD does its planning in a modeled 3-space in which blocks of various shapes and sizes can be represented in any orientation and location. The modeling system can maintain several world models at once, and contains modules for displaying states, testing them for inter-object contact and collision, and for checking the stability of complex structures involving frictional forces. Various alternative approaches are discussed, and suggestions are included for the extension of BUILD-like systems to other domains. Also discussed are the merits of BUILD's implementation language, CONNIVER, for this type of problem solving.