IMPACT OF CROP LEVEL AND HANG TIME ON THE COMPOSITION OF FOUR WINE GRAPE CULTIVARS FROM THE NIAGARA REGION

This study analyzed the use of two viticultural practices: “crop level” (half crop; HC, and full crop; FC) and “hang times”, and their impact on the composition of four grape cultivars; Pinot gris, Riesling, Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon from the Niagara Region and wine volatile composition by GC-MS. It was hypothesized that keeping a full crop with a longer hang time would have a greater impact on wine quality than reducing the crop level. In all cultivars, a reduction of crop level induced reductions in yield, clusters per vine and crop load, with increases in Brix. Extended hang time also increased Brix related to desiccation. The climatic conditions at harvest had an impact on hang time effects. The GC-MS analysis detected the presence of 30 volatile components in the wine, with different odour activity values. Harvest time had a positive impact than crop reduction in almost all compounds.

Four Seasons Hotel (Sheraton) records, 1974 – 1980, 1982, n.d.

The Four Seasons Sheraton is located on 5 acres of land in downtown Toronto, Ontario. It opened in October of 1972 as part of a joint venture with the Four Seasons chain. At that time, it was the second largest hotel in Toronto boasting 1,450 rooms. The hotel was advertised as a “city within a city”. The connection with the Four Seasons chain was severed in 1976 when Isadore Sharp (founder) sold his 49% share in the hotel.

Certificate for Five and Four Fifths Shares of Capital Stock in Insurance Investments Limited

Certificate for 5 4/5 shares of capital stock in Insurance Investments Limited to Hamilton K. Woodruff, Jan. 15, 1930.

Four Leaf Clover & Lock of Hair

Envelope containing a four leaf clover “for luck” and little Margaret’s hair (9 mos. old), Sept. 3, 1937.

Four railway ticket stubs for the Grand Trunk Railway System from St. Catharines, Ontario to Buffalo, New York

Four railway ticket stubs for the Grand Trunk Railway System from St. Catharines, Ontario to Buffalo, New York, Feb 8, 1919.

The Ligand and Membrane-binding Behaviour of the Phosphatidylinositol Transfer Proteins (PITPa & PITPb)

Human Class I phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins (PITPs) exists in two forms: PITPα and PITPβ. PITPs are believed to be lipid transfer proteins based on their capacity to transfer either phosphatidylinositol (PI) or phosphatidylcholine (PC) between membrane compartments in vitro. In Drosophila, the PITP domain is found to be part of a multi-domain protein named retinal degeneration B (RdgBα). The PITP domain of RdgBα shares 40 % sequence identity with PITPα and has been shown to possess PI and PC binding and transfer activity. The detailed molecular mechanism of ligand transfer by the human PITPs and the Drosophila PITP domain remains to be fully established. Here, we investigated the membrane interactions of these proteins using dual polarization interferometry (DPI). DPI is a technique that measures protein binding affinity to a flat immobilized lipid bilayer. In addition, we also measured how quickly these proteins transfer their ligands to lipid vesicles using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based assay. DPI investigations suggest that PITPβ had a two-fold higher affinity for membranes compared to PITPα. This was reflected by a four-fold faster ligand transfer rate for PITPβ in comparison to PITPα as determined by the FRET assay. Interestingly, DPI analysis also demonstrated that PI-bound human PITPs have lower membrane affinity compared to PC-bound PITPs. In addition, the FRET studies demonstrated the significance of membrane curvature in the ligand transfer rate of PITPs. The ligand transfer rate was higher when the accepting vesicles were highly curved. Furthermore, when the accepting vesicles contained phosphatidic acid (PA) which have smaller head groups, the transfer rate increased. In contrast, when the accepting vesicles contained phosphoinositides which have larger head groups, the transfer rate was diminished. However, PI, the favorite ligand of PITPs, or the presence of anionic lipids did not appear to influence the ligand transfer rate of PITPs. Both DPI and FRET examinations revealed that the PITP domain of RdgBα was able to bind to membranes. However, the RdgBα PITP domain appears to be a poor binder and transporter of PC.

Role of Phosphorylation of the Oxysterol Binding Protein (OSBP) in (PI(4)P) and Sterol-Containing Membrane Recognition and Binding

Studies have demonstrated that the oxysterol binding protein (OSBP) acts as a phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP)-sterol exchanger at membrane contact sites (MCS) of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi. OSBP is known to pick up phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI(4)P) from the ER, transfer it to the trans-Golgi in exchange for a cholesterol molecule that is then transferred from the trans-Golgi to the ER. Upon further examination of this pathway by Ridgway et al. (1), it appeared that phosphorylation of OSBP played a role in the localization of OSBP. The dephosphorylation state of OSBP was linked to Golgi localization and the depletion of cholesterol at the ER. To mimic the phosphorylated state of OSBP, the mutant OSBP-S5E was designed by Ridgway et al. (1). The lipid and sterol recognition by wt-OSBP and its phosphomimic mutant OSBP-S5E were investigated using immobilized lipid bilayers and dual polarization interferometry (DPI). DPI is a technique in which the protein binding affinity to immobilized lipid bilayers is measured and the binding behavior is examined through real time. Lipid bilayers containing 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and varying concentrations of PI(4)Ps or sterols (cholesterol or 25-hydroxycholesterol) were immobilized on a silicon nitride chip. It was determined that wt-OSBP binds differently to PI(4)P-containing bilayers compared to OSBP-S5E. The binding behavior suggested that wt-OSBP extracts PI(4)P and the change in the binding behavior, in the case of OSBP-S5E, suggested that the phosphorylation of OSBP may prevent the recognition and/or extraction of PI(4)P. In the presence of sterols, the overall binding behavior of OSBP, regardless of phosphorylation state, was fairly similar. The maximum specific bound mass of OSBP to sterols did not differ as the concentration of sterols increased. However, comparing the maximum specific bound mass of OSBP to cholesterol with oxysterol (25-hydroxycholesterol), OSBP displayed nearly a 2-fold increase in bound mass. With the absence of the wt-OSBP-PI(4)P binding behavior, it can be speculated that the sterols were not extracted. In addition, the binding behavior of OSBP was further tested using a fluorescence based binding assay. Using 22-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-23,24-bisnor-5-cholen-3β-ol (22-NBD cholesterol), wt-OSBP a one site binding dissociation constant Kd, of 15 ± 1.4 nM was determined. OSBP-S5E did not bind to 22-NBD cholesterol and Kd value was not obtained.

Desarrollo de método para la optimización de las cédulas de Rolado en frío de acero en molinos Four High reversibles

Tesis (Maestro en Ciencias de la Manufactura con Especialidad en Diseño de Productos) U.A.N.L.

Aida opera in four acts by G. Verdi; libretto by A. Ghislanzoni

UANL

Discurso que por encargo de la Junta Patriótica, pronunció en el panteón de Santa Paula el ciudadano Ignacio Sierra Rosso, en la colocación del pié que perdió en Veracruz el Esco. Sr. General de División, Benemérito de la Patria D. Antonio López de Santa-Anna, en la gloriosa jornada del 5 de diciembre de 1838.

UANL

La Madre de Dios, Madre de los hombres, ó, Explicación del misterio de la Santísima Virgen al pié de la cruz por J. Ventura de Ráulica.

UANL

ITEM : An Integrated Transport Economy Model - Price Elasticities of Freight Transport Demand in Canada : Three Canadian Markets and Four Commodities.

Rapport de recherche

Rehabilitation needs for older adults with stroke living at home: perceptions of four populations

The BRAD group is composed of/ Le groupe BRAD est composé de : Sylvie Belleville, Gina Bravo, Louise Demers, Philippe Landreville, Louisette Mercier, Nicole Paquet, Hélène Payette, Constant Rainville, Bernadette Ska and René Verreault.

La PI et seulement la PI ? De nouvelles alternatives à la gouvernance de l'innovation

Wendy Adams, professeure adjointe à la Faculté de droit de l'Université McGill et chercheure associée au CRDP. Communication organisée par Konstantia Koutouki, chercheure régulière au CRDP et professeure à la Faculté de droit de l'Université de Montréal.