Design and development of a microfluidic platform for use with colorimetric gold nanoprobe assays

Due to the importance and wide applications of the DNA analysis, there is a need to make genetic analysis more available and more affordable. As such, the aim of this PhD thesis is to optimize a colorimetric DNA biosensor based on gold nanoprobes developed in CEMOP by reducing its price and the needed volume of solution without compromising the device sensitivity and reliability, towards the point of care use. Firstly, the price of the biosensor was decreased by replacing the silicon photodetector by a low cost, solution processed TiO2 photodetector. To further reduce the photodetector price, a novel fabrication method was developed: a cost-effective inkjet printing technology that enabled to increase TiO2 surface area. Secondly, the DNA biosensor was optimized by means of microfluidics that offer advantages of miniaturization, much lower sample/reagents consumption, enhanced system performance and functionality by integrating different components. In the developed microfluidic platform, the optical path length was extended by detecting along the channel and the light was transmitted by optical fibres enabling to guide the light very close to the analysed solution. Microfluidic chip of high aspect ratio (~13), smooth and nearly vertical sidewalls was fabricated in PDMS using a SU-8 mould for patterning. The platform coupled to the gold nanoprobe assay enabled detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using 3 8l on DNA solution, i.e. 20 times less than in the previous state-of-the-art. Subsequently, the bio-microfluidic platform was optimized in terms of cost, electrical signal processing and sensitivity to colour variation, yielding 160% improvement of colorimetric AuNPs analysis. Planar microlenses were incorporated to converge light into the sample and then to the output fibre core increasing 6 times the signal-to-losses ratio. The optimized platform enabled detection of single nucleotide polymorphism related with obesity risk (FTO) using target DNA concentration below the limit of detection of the conventionally used microplate reader (i.e. 15 ng/μl) with 10 times lower solution volume (3 μl). The combination of the unique optical properties of gold nanoprobes with microfluidic platform resulted in sensitive and accurate sensor for single nucleotide polymorphism detection operating using small volumes of solutions and without the need for substrate functionalization or sophisticated instrumentation. Simultaneously, to enable on chip reagents mixing, a PDMS micromixer was developed and optimized for the highest efficiency, low pressure drop and short mixing length. The optimized device shows 80% of mixing efficiency at Re = 0.1 in 2.5 mm long mixer with the pressure drop of 6 Pa, satisfying requirements for the application in the microfluidic platform for DNA analysis.

CrowdProcess: design numa startup de computação distribuída

Este estágio, realizado na CrowdProcess, consistiu em integrar a equipa da empresa, trabalhando na área do Design de Comunicação, Web e Gráfico, integrado no Departamento de Comunicação da empresa. A CrowdProcess é uma plataforma de computação distribuída que utiliza o poder de processamento dos browsers ligados para correr tarefas de computação distribuída. Uma vez que se trata de um produto online, a maioria do trabalho desenvolvido diz respeito a design e desenvolvimento web e apenas uma pequena parte dedicada a design gráfico. O trabalho foi desenvolvido com as linguagens HTML, CSS e JavaScript. Foram tidos em consideração os princípios de Design, Usabilidade e Arquitectura de Informação, com principal foco na prototipagem dos vários objectos desenvolvidos.

Proceedings of the eighth International Conference on Axiomatic Design (ICAD 2014)

ICAD2014, Campus de Caparica, Portugal

Learning Activities with Semantic. Hypermedia in Higher Education

The increasing use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in diverse professional and personal contexts calls for new knowledge, and a set of abilities, competences and attitudes, for an active and participative citizenship. In this context it is acknowledged that universities have an important role innovating in the educational use of digital media to promote an inclusive digital literacy. The educational potential of digital technologies and resources has been recognized by both researchers and practitioners. Multiple pedagogical models and research approaches have already contributed to put in evidence the importance of adapting instructional and learning practices and processes to concrete contexts and educational goals. Still, academic and scientific communities believe further investments in ICT research is needed in higher education. This study focuses on educational models that may contribute to support digital technology uses, where these can have cognitive and educational relevance when compared to analogical technologies. A teaching and learning model, centered in the active role of the students in the exploration, production, presentation and discussion of interactive multimedia materials, was developed and applied using the internet and exploring emergent semantic hypermedia formats. The research approach focused on the definition of design principles for developing class activities that were applied in three different iterations in undergraduate courses from two institutions, namely the University of Texas at Austin, USA and the University of Lisbon, Portugal. The analysis of this study made possible to evaluate the potential and efficacy of the model proposed and the authoring tool chosen in the support of metacognitive skills and attitudes related to information structuring and management, storytelling and communication, using computers and the internet.

Technology transition towards electric mobility - technology assessment as a tool for policy design

Paper presented at the Colloquium Gerpisa 2013, Paris (http://gerpisa.org/node/2085), Session n°: 19 New kinds of mobility: old and new business models

Otimização automática de aplicações web usando templates client-side

O crescente poder computacional dos dispositivos móveis e a maior eficiência dos navegadores fomentam a construção de aplicações Web mais rápidas e fluídas, através da troca assíncrona de dados em vez de páginas HTML completas. A OutSystems Platform é um ambiente de desenvolvimento usado para a construção rápida e validada de aplicaçõesWeb, que integra numa só linguagem a construção de interfaces de utilizador, lógica da aplicação e modelo de dados. O modelo normal de interação cliente-servidor da plataforma é coerente com o ciclo completo de pedido-resposta, embora seja possível implementar, de forma explícita, aplicações assíncronas. Neste trabalho apresentamos um modelo de separação, baseado em análise estática sobre a definição de uma aplicação, entre os dados apresentados nas páginas geradas pela plataforma e o código correspondente à sua estrutura e apresentação. Esta abordagem permite a geração automática e transparente de interfaces de utilizador mais rápidas e fluídas, a partir do modelo de uma aplicação OutSystems. O modelo apresentado, em conjunto com a análise estática, permite identificar o subconjunto mínimo dos dados a serem transmitidos na rede para a execução de uma funcionalidade no servidor, e isolar a execução de código no cliente. Como resultado da utilização desta abordagem obtém-se uma diminuição muito significativa na transmissão de dados, e possivelmente uma redução na carga de processamento no servidor, dado que a geração das páginasWeb é delegada no cliente, e este se torna apto para executar código. Este modelo é definido sobre uma linguagem, inspirada na da plataforma OutSystems, a partir da qual é implementado um gerador de código. Neste contexto, uma linguagem de domínio específico cria uma camada de abstração entre a definição do modelo de uma aplicação e o respetivo código gerado, tornando transparente a criação de templates clientside e o código executado no cliente e no servidor.

Design e fabrico de novos eléctrodos impressos em papel para desenvolvimento de biossensores enzimáticos com aplicações biomédicas

Num mundo em crescente evolução é necessário tentar melhorar as condições de saúde global. Um factor importante para a prevenção e tratamento de doenças é o seu correcto diagnóstico. Uma vez que nem todos os países têm a mesma capacidade económica, existe a necessidade de se criar testes rápidos e baratos que possam ser acessíveis no mundo inteiro. Os point-of-care tests, como é o caso dos biossensores de glucose vastamente utilizados na monitorização da diabetes, apresentam uma solução para este problema. Os biossensores impressos em papel, em particular, são uma ferramenta que pode vir a ser muito útil na construção destes testes rápidos tornando-os mais “amigos do ambiente” e reduzindo os seus custos. O objectivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver biossensores enzimáticos, de segunda geração, impressos em papel e baseados na enzima glucose oxidase, para a detecção da glucose. Inicialmente foi feito um estudo de possíveis mediadores a utilizar, tendo-se escolhido o ferroceno por apresentar um limite de detecção adequado, ter apresentado um valor de potencial de redução relativamente baixo, 0.232 V vs pseudo ref. Ag/AgCl, ser um composto fácil de obter e com custos reduzidos. Os dispositivos baseiam-se em canais microfluídicos, eléctrodos e ligações eléctricas fabricadas em substrato de papel, utilizando as técnicas de impressão a cera, screen printing e inkjet printing. O circuito constituinte destes dispositivos foi feito recorrendo a tintas condutoras, sendo que, à tinta utilizada para o eléctrodo de trabalho foi incorporado o ferroceno. Sobre o eléctrodo de trabalho foi impressa glucose oxidase, utilizando a técnica de inkjet printing. Os eléctrodos fabricados apresentaram resposta à glucose, muito embora com baixa reprodutibilidade, podendo esta ser causada pela falta de controlo na preparação dos mesmos (manufactura manual e variabilidade da viscosidade da pasta usada no eléctrodo de trabalho). A técnica de inkjet printing em enzimas é ainda muito recente, existindo ainda alguns aspectos, como o seu efeito na actividade da enzima, que não foram avaliados neste projecto, mas que no futuro deverão ser estudados. Podemos concluir que, os eléctrodos deram uma resposta electroquímica consistente à adição de glucose, 8 mM- 30 mM, sendo que os mesmos foram reconhecidos no glucómetro comercial TRUETrackTM blood glucometer; no entanto, os valores de corrente dos dispositivos estavam abaixo do limite de detecção do instrumento.

Design of a CMOS amplifier for breast cancer detection

A transimpedance amplifier (TIA) is used, in radiation detectors like the positron emission tomography(PET), to transform the current pulse produced by a photo-sensitive device into an output voltage pulse with a desired amplitude and shape. The TIA must have the lowest noise possible to maximize the output. To achieve a low noise, a circuit topology is proposed where an auxiliary path is added to the feedback TIA input, In this auxiliary path a differential transconductance block is used to transform the node voltage in to a current, this current is then converted to a voltage pulse by a second feedback TIA complementary to the first one, with the same amplitude but 180º out of phase with the first feedback TIA. With this circuit the input signal of the TIA appears differential at the output, this is used to try an reduced the circuit noise. The circuit is tested with two different devices, the Avalanche photodiodes (APD) and the Silicon photomultiplier (SIPMs). From the simulations we find that when using s SIPM with Rx=20kΩ and Cx=50fF the signal to noise ratio is increased from 59 when using only one feedback TIA to 68.3 when we use an auxiliary path in conjunction with the feedback TIA. This values where achieved with a total power consumption of 4.82mv. While the signal to noise ratio in the case of the SIPM is increased with some penalty in power consumption.

Design of a low-voltage CMOS RF receiver for energy harvesting sensor node

In this thesis a CMOS low-power and low-voltage RF receiver front-end is presented. The main objective is to design this RF receiver so that it can be powered by a piezoelectric energy harvesting power source, included in a Wireless Sensor Node application. For this type of applications the major requirements are: the low-power and low-voltage operation, the reduced area and cost and the simplicity of the architecture. The system key blocks are the LNA and the mixer, which are studied and optimized with greater detail, achieving a good linearity, a wideband operation and a reduced introduction of noise. A wideband balun LNA with noise and distortion cancelling is designed to work at a 0.6 V supply voltage, in conjunction with a double-balanced passive mixer and subsequent TIA block. The passive mixer operates in current mode, allowing a minimal introduction of voltage noise and a good linearity. The receiver analog front-end has a total voltage conversion gain of 31.5 dB, a 0.1 - 4.3 GHz bandwidth, an IIP3 value of -1.35 dBm, and a noise figure lower than 9 dB. The total power consumption is 1.9 mW and the die area is 305x134.5 m2, using a standard 130 nm CMOS technology.

Design, implementation, and performance of a distributed and scalable sensor system for critical distance measurements in the CMS detector at LHC

The “CMS Safety Closing Sensors System” (SCSS, or CSS for brevity) is a remote monitoring system design to control safety clearance and tight mechanical movements of parts of the CMS detector, especially during CMS assembly phases. We present the different systems that makes SCSS: its sensor technologies, the readout system, the data acquisition and control software. We also report on calibration and installation details, which determine the resolution and limits of the system. We present as well our experience from the operation of the system and the analysis of the data collected since 2008. Special emphasis is given to study positioning reproducibility during detector assembly and understanding how the magnetic fields influence the detector structure.

Bioprocess design of canine adenovirus vectors for gene therapy applications

The potential of human adenovirus vectors as vehicles for gene transfer with clinical applications in vaccination, cancer treatment and in many monogenic and acquired diseases has been demonstrated in several studies and clinical trials. However, the clinical use of these vectors can be limited by pre-existing humoral and cellular anti-capsid immunity. One way to circumvent this bottleneck while keeping the advantages of using adenovirus vectors is using non-human viruses such as Canine Adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2). Moreover, CAV-2 vectors present attractive features to develop potential treatment of neurodegenerative and ocular disorders. While the interest in CAV-2 vectors increases, scalable and robust production processes are required to meet the need for preclinical and possibly clinical uses.(...)

Web Design como ferramenta de Comunicação Digital

WEB DESIGN COMO FERRAMENTA DE COMUNICAÇÃO DIGITAL: DESIGN E DESENVOLVIMENTO DE SITES, UTILIZANDO O GESTOR DE CONTEÚDOS WORDPRESS; DESIGN DE CONTEÚDOS VISUAIS PARA O FACEBOOK DE UMA MARCA

Business concept design of an innovative product: Partnership between Nmusic and Rovio Entertainment Ltd.

Field Lab in Entrepreneurial Innovative Ventures

Strategic design of There App’s business model: From product to multi-sided platform

The following work project illustrates the strategic issues There App, a mobile application, faces regarding the opportunity to expand from its current state as a product to a multisided platform. Initially, a market analysis is performed to identify the ideal customer groups to be integrated in the platform. Strategic design issues are then discussed on how to best match its value proposition with the identified market opportunity. Suggestions on how the company should organize its resources and operational processes to best deliver on its value proposition complete the work.

How to design and develop There App: A mobile app focused on live video streaming, promoting new social interactions

This work project aims to demonstrate how to design and develop an innovative concept of video streaming app. The project combines technology push and market pull theories into developing a product that is more suitable for the customer needs, with the particularity that there is no other way of seeing any place in the world, live and ondemand. An analysis on the bigger influencers in terms of design-thinking and new product development, as Tim Brown or Paul Trott, lead to a better understanding on how There App should evolve, keeping in mind the customer desires and technical features.