Avaliação da toxicidade da vinhaça utilizando Oreochromis niloticus (Perciformes: Cichlidae) como organismo teste

Contamination of rivers and lakes, waste disposed by infiltration into the soil as fertilizer, for example, has been highlighted around the world, since such compounds can contain toxic elements, causing changes in aquatic and/or terrestrial ecosystem. Due to the possible presence of these elements in these wastes, it is possible assess damage to organisms exposed through breaks in genetic material and mutations. In this sense, this work aimed at exploring the cytotoxic, mutagenic and genotoxic vinasse pontential, residue used as fertilizer, from the processing of sugar cane into alcohol, using fish (Oreochromis niloticus - Cichlidae) as a test organism. The individuals were exposed to different dilutions of vinasse in the water and later carried out analysis of their erythrocytes using the micronucleus test and nuclear abnormalities associated and the comet assay. In the first bioassay, tilapia exhibited 5% and 10% vinasse concentrations died after 48h. The number of micronucleated erythrocytes was statistically significant for the 1% vinasse concentration and also for nuclear abnormalities such as broken-egg and nuclear bud, when compared with negative and positive controls; were also significant lobed type erythrocytes, when compared to the negative control. The test results of the comet assay were not significant for 1% vinasse when compared to the negative control, due to the high rate of comets with damage control, which is unusual. The same was observed for changes as notched and blebbed type. In the second chemical analyzes conducted, the detection of heavy metals in the vinasse sample, charged only the presence of copper and chromium, the latter with a concentration 89 times higher than in the first test. Differentially the first bioassay, fish exposed to dilution of 5% did not die... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Endotélio da córnea e facoemulsificação em cães

This study aims, by a literature review, to evaluate the effects of the phacoemulsification surgery into the endothelial cells of the cornea, especially on dogs. The phacoemulsification is a surgical technique of cataract surgery, and presents a series of factors pre, trans and post operation that can affect the cornea endothelium. Knowing that the cornea transparency is essential to the preservation of the visual acuity, and that the endothelium cells do not demonstrate an adequate regeneration, it is important to the surgeon to be aware of these factors in order to avoid or to minimize them. Among then can be mentioned: previous diseases, surgical and chemical trauma, intra-ocular lens, uveitis etc. As consequence, a reduction on the number of endothelium cells and edema can be observed, which can lead to a loss of vision by definitive cornea opacity or to late visual recuperation

Doença do trato inferior (DITUI) em felinos doméstico

Lower urinary tract disease (LUTD) is a multifactorial disease, wich may be caused by uroliths and calculations, bacterial and viral infections and anatomical abnormalities, among others. The disease can also be of unknown origin in wich case it is called intersticial cystitis. Knowing that the disease may have many causes, it is necessary to know the exact etiology and the best method of diagnosis, to establish specific therapeutic measures for each case. The diagnostic methods most commonly used are: urinalysis, radiography and ultrassonography, but the blood count and biochemistry can be used, trying to assess the overall status of the animal. The terapy used depends on the causative agent of disease, wich may include changes in supply until emergency treatment, azotemia in cats with post-renal. The present study aims to present a complete study of a disease, addressing it’s etiology, diagnosis and treatment, with particular attention to first item

Considerações anestésicas para realização da cirurgia de facoemulsificação em cães

Cataract is the leading cause of blindness in dogs. It is defined as an opacity in the lens and is independent of resulting visual deficit. Although there are a growing number of studies related to drug therapy of cataract, the treatment is still considered exclusively surgical. Among the techniques used to remove cataract, phacoemulsification is the best performer. Anesthesia in intraocular surgery has several peculiarities, which are essential to successfully conduct phacoemulsification in dogs. In these patients, a safe and effective anesthesia requires the maintenance of intraocular pressure close to normal, preventing the activation of the oculo-cardiac reflex and complete immobilization of the eye. The appropriate conditions for such surgical procedures can be established through the use of drugs from different pharmacological groups for premedication, induction and maintenance of anesthesia, making a balanced anesthesia. This work was compiled from a careful review of the literature on anesthesia in cataract surgery. Considerations on the pre-medication, induction and maintenance of anesthesia are discussed, aiming to contribute to the phacoemulsification becomes more safe and suitable for the anesthesiologist and the surgeon as well as comfortable for dogs undergoing surgery

Exames laboratoriais importantes no diagnóstico da Piometra canina

Canine Pyometra is a uterine disease that occurs in sexually mature bitches, with higher incidence in nulliparous and animals over 4 years and is characterized by presenting an accumulation of pus in the uterine lumen, usually occurring in diestrus. Laboratory tests are important tools for the detection of metabolic abnormalities associated with sepsis and renal function, which are serious consequences of pyometra. In blood the main findings are normochromic non-regenerative anemia, presence of dehydration, and sometimes thrombocytopenia. The WBC count may be normal but most often occurs a neutrophilic leukocytosis with a left shift, monocytosis and the presence of toxic neutrophils. In less than 1 / 3 of the animals the presence of azotemia is present and a density lower than 1035 is detected in the urine of almost 90% of bitches which may be in normal range at the onset of the desease. Urinary protein loss is rare but the protein may be elevated in the reagent strip due to urinary contamination by uterine secretion. The increase of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK) may be present, indicating disorders in the liver. Currently, additional laboratory tests are being studied for the diagnosis of pyometra and its prognosis, such as the measurement of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen for monitoring the recovery of the inflammatory process and the urine electrophoresis to characterize the origin of proteinuria in these animals . The aim of this work is to review the literature on the main laboratory tests that aid the diagnosis of Pyometra

Necrose Asséptica da cabeça do fêmur

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is a non-inflammatory aseptic necrosis of the head of the femur that is found in both young animals and humans before the gap in the femur head closes. In the fields of both human and veterinary medicine the cause of this condition is not known for certain. Various factors have been put forward in the literature as being responsible for the incidence of this condition such as: abnormalities in coagulation, changes in blood flow in the arteries, a septic obstruction in the draining of the epiphysis or the upper parts of the femur, trauma, growth cycle, hyperactivity in a child, genetic influences and dietary factors. Case histories in dogs show that the first stages of the condition progress slowly but that limping or putting weight on the limb worsens at 6 to 8 weeks. Some owners talk about a sharp onset in clinical lameness. Other clinical symptoms may include irritability, loss of appetite and knawing at the hair surrounding the affected hip. In the course of physical examination manipulating the hip joint will cause pain to the animal. The advanced stages of the disease may result in restricted amplitude of movement, muscular atrophy and fracturing. In humans the clinical signs are similar, although progression of the disease is slower so that it can be diagnosed at an earlier stage. In veterinary medicine the diagnosis is, in the main, based on case history, clinical symptoms, physical examination and certain related procedures such as radiography. The various diagnoses include physical trauma and dislocation of the medial patella. In human medicine many people have been correctly diagnosed. Whatsmore, there is a range of related procedures that are virtually not available to veterinary medicine such as magnetic nuclear resonance, that show up necroses with great clarity before radiography and cintilography do, and is considered... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Alterações hematológicas associadas ao hifema em cães

Hyphema is an intraocular hemorrhage that can result from many ocular and/or systemic disorders. It is an important clinical sign, since it may appear in the initial stages of some diseases or haematological disorders, acting as an initial marker for early diagnosis. The hematologic disturbances that predispose animals to present hyphema are: Thrombocytopenia, von Willebrand Disease, Scott Syndrome, Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Hyperviscosity Syndrome due to Multiple Myeloma. Each of the differential diagnoses due to hematological changes from the appearance of hyphema in dogs shows clinical relevance and particular ocular signs

Isoeritrólise neonatal eqüina

Equine neonatal isoerythrolysis is a neonatal foals’ illness. Results from the incompatibility of blood type between the foal and the mare and mediated by maternal antibody absorbed by the colostrum against foal’s red blood cells. Characterized by a type ll hypersensitivity reaction, where the exhibition of the organism to a strange antigen, that it takes the sensitization of the lymphocytes B that after the removal of the antigens by the reticule-endothelial system the production of immunoglobulin is decreased, with the formation of cellular immunological will cause the occurrence of the illness in foal of sensitized mares. The most important clinical signs are severe anemia and jaundice, and this illness should be differentiated of other as: hemolysis induced by bacterial toxins, diseases of the hepatobiliary system, disseminated intravascular coagulation and incompatibility in blood transfusions. Like the sensitization happens during the previous incompatible foal’s birth, most cases occur in foals of multiparous mares. However during the first pregnancy the mare can generate a foal with neonatal 7 isoerythrolysis if she have developed placental anomaly in the beginning of the pregnancy which blood cells in her circulation

Correlação entre aneuploidia cromossômica em espermatozóides e taxa de implantação embrionária: subtitulo

Infertility is directly related to chromosomal abnormalities in germ cells. Among them, the aneuploidies are the most frequent chromosomal abnormalities and responsible for embryo implantation failures, miscarriages, fetal losses and newborns with congenital malformations, mental disability and neuropsychomotor developmental delay. Male patients with normal somatic karyotype may present different rates of aneuploidies in sperm, resulting in abnormal embryos. This study aimed to correlate the frequency of chromosomal aneuploidies in spermatozoa with embryo implantation rate in couples undergoing assisted reproductive techniques. The methodology has included chromosomal analysis by GTG banding and molecular cytogenetic study using Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization technique for evaluation of chromosomes 9, X and Y in germ cells of 22 patients referred to the Human Reproduction Service of the Clinical Hospital FMRP-USP. Embryo implantation rates were determined by hormonal evaluation in maternal peripheral blood and ultrasound confirmation. Two patients presented abnormal karyotype, characterized by polymorphism of the heterochromatic region of the long arm of chromosome 9 and a satellite in the short arm of chromosome 22. Both alterations, usually considered variants of normality, have been related to infertility phenotype and miscarriages. Significant differences were detected between couples who presented pregnancy (group 1) and couples with embryo implantation failure (group 2), with higher frequency of aneusomy and diploidy of chromosome 9, as well as total aneuploidy in sperm of group 2 patients. Our results suggest a correlation between aneuploidy and embryo implantation rates, since the infertile group with reproductive failure has showed higher frequency of aneuploidy. Screening for aneuploidies detection in male germ cells should be included in order to decrease embryo implantation failures, miscarriages and fetuses with chromosomal ...

Intervenção com Azadirachta indica (Neem) na prenhez de ratas diabéticas: repercussões materno-fetais

Objetivo: Considerando o uso indiscriminado de diversas plantas para o tratamento de doenças, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos da Azadirachta indica (Neem) sobre a glicemia e performance reprodutiva materna de ratas normoglicêmicas e com diabete moderado. Material e Método: O diabete foi induzido em ratas fêmeas no dia do nascimento com streptozotocin (100mg/kg de peso corpóreo, via subcutânea). O grupo não-diabético (controle) recebeu como veículo o tampão citrato com dose e via similares ao grupo diabético. Na fase adulta, ratas não-diabéticas e diabéticas foram acasaladas com machos normoglicêmicos. Durante todo o período de prenhez, as ratas foram tratadas com o princípio ativo (Azadirachtina) ou óleo da semente de Azadirachta indica (Neem). As glicemias foram mensuradas nos dias 0, 7, 14 e 20 de prenhez e o teste oral de tolerância à glicose no 17º dia. Ao final da prenhez, foi realizada laparotomia para contagem de fetos vivos e mortos, corpos lúteos, implantações e de reabsorções (mortes embrionárias). Os descendentes foram analisados quanto à presença de anomalias externas e internas (esqueléticas e viscerais). Para limite de significância estatística foi considerado p<0,05. Resultados: Os tratamentos com o óleo e princípio ativo causaram maior intolerância à glicose em ratas diabéticas, prejuízos no desempenho reprodutivo materno e anormalidades esqueléticas e viscerais fetais. Conclusão: Os diferentes tratamentos não apresentaram efeito antidiabético e causaram efeitos adversos no desempenho reprodutivo materno e no desenvolvimento dos fetos. Sendo assim, este estudo mostrou que o uso indiscriminado de plantas medicinais, principalmente por mulheres grávidas, pode ser prejudicial para o desenvolvimento intrauterino

Estudos de elementos repetitivos presentes no genoma da espécie Schizodon borelli (Characiformes: Anostomidae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Aspectos gerais da Toxoplasmose

One tthird of the world population is infected with Toxoplasma gondii, in most cases, asymptomatic. There are records of infection in birds and mammals, including the dog. Systemic clinical signs of canine toxoplasmosis are variable, however, the animals may manifest ocular signs: anterior mononuclear uveitis, retinitis, choroiditis, extraocular myositis, scleritis and optic neuritis. This paper aims to demonstrate through bibliography revision some aspects of canine toxoplasmosis as clinical signs focusing on the ocular manifestations, potential zoonotic disease and the importance of public health

Morfometria e compactação da cromatina espermática de touros Nelore de acordo com a idade e sua influência na produção de embriões in vitro

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Ocorrência de opacidade de cápsula posterior em cães pós-facoemulsificação, com ou sem a utilização de lente intraocular dobrável e efeitos do Nd: Yag Laser

Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária - FCAV

Efeitos do citrato de sildenafila sobre a neuroproteção na neuropatia óptica, em ratos (Lewis/SsNHsd) com glaucoma agudo

Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária - FCAV