Analysis of the procedures used to evaluate suicide crime scenes in Brazil: A statistical approach to interpret reports

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Violência sexual intrafamiliar contra crianças e adolescentes: entre a prevenção do crime e do dano

OBJETIVOS: compreender as representações sociais de membros do Poder Judiciário acerca da prevenção da violência sexual intrafamiliar contra crianças e adolescentes. MÉTODOS: pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa que teve como campo de estudo as 1ª e 2ª Varas dos Crimes contra a Criança e o Adolescente, no Tribunal de Justiça de Pernambuco, com participação de 17 sujeitos (juiz, assessor, técnicos e analistas judiciários). Observação participante, entrevistas semiestruturadas e grupo focal compreenderam as técnicas para coleta de dados, que foram analisados por meio da interpretação dos sentidos. RESULTADOS: a categoria "cultura penal" emergiu dos discursos, bem como suas subcategorias: "prevenção do crime" e "prevenção do dano". CONCLUSÕES: as representações dos sujeitos revelam uma dicotomia, caracterizando o conflito entre a tradição do Poder Judiciário e o direito novo, que abrange os princípios da proteção integral e da prioridade absoluta às crianças e dos adolescentes. O conceito de prevenção da violência sexual intrafamiliar contra crianças e adolescentes deve ser ampliado para além da mera prevenção do crime. A abordagem do problema por meio da prevenção requer que se incorpore ao Poder Judiciário uma cultura penal que abarque os princípios da proteção integral e da prioridade absoluta.

O ATO MÉDICO NO CRIME DE TORTURA

A presente pesquisa verificou se a legislação surgida após a Segunda Guerra Mundial foi apta a inibir o comportamento maleficente de médicos no auxílio em especializar, dissimular e acobertar a tortura. Foi demonstrado o envolvimento médico com experimentos em seres humanos durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial e corroborou-se que a maleficência médica ainda é usada nos dias de hoje na sociedade contemporânea, permitindo aos profissionais de saúde, desde o período da Guerra Fria, o envolvimento com a tortura e a consequente violação dos princípios da Bioética, especialmente, na conjuntura atualíssima da guerra norte-americana contra o terrorismo. Ao final foram propostas soluções, tendo em vista as noções de Bioética, as normas de Direito Internacional e os Direitos Humanos

Design and Crime

L'articolo è disponibile anche tradotto in italiano. Cfr. Hal Foster, Design & Crime, Milano, Postmedia Books, 2003, pp. 23-32.

No(i)rthern Ireland: Crime fiction and the northern-irish scene. Proposed translation into italian of two short stories from "belfast noir"

The present thesis aims at proving the importance of cultural and literary contexts in the practice of translation: I shall show that, in the case of Northern Irish crime fiction, knowledge of both Northern Irish history and culture as well as of the genre of crime fiction are essential prerequisites for the production of a “responsible” translation. I will therefore offer a brief overview of the history of crime and detective fiction and its main subgenres; some of the most important authors and works will be presented as well, in an analysis that goes from the early years of the genre to the second half of the 20th century. I will then move the focus to Northern Ireland, its culture and its history, and particular attention will be paid to fiction writing in Ireland and Northern Ireland, with a focus on the peculiar phenomenon of “Troubles Trash”. I will tackle the topic of Northern Irish literature and present the contemporary scene of Northern Irish crime fiction; the volume from which the texts for the translation have been taken will be presented, namely Belfast Noir. Subsequently the focus will move on the theoretical framework within which the translations were produced: I will present a literary review of the most significative developments in Translation Studies, with particular attention to the “cultural turn” that has characterised this subject since the 1960s. I will then highlight the phenomenon of “realia” in translation and analyse the approaches of different scholars to the translation of culture-bound references. The final part represents the culmination and practical application of all that was presented in the previous sections: I will discuss the translation of culture-bound references according to the strategies presented in Chapter 4, referring to the proposed translations of two stories. Such analysis aims to show that not only expert linguistic knowledge, but also cultural awareness and a wide literary background are needed in order to make conscious choices in translation.

Extremely Violent Societies: Mass Violence in the Twentieth Century World

In this groundbreaking book Christian Gerlach traces the social roots of the extraordinary processes of human destruction involved in mass violence throughout the twentieth century. He argues that terms such as 'genocide' and 'ethnic cleansing' are too narrow to explain the diverse motives and interests that cause violence to spread in varying forms and intensities. From killings and expulsions to enforced hunger, collective rape, strategic bombing, forced labour and imprisonment he explores what happened before, during, and after periods of widespread bloodshed in countries such as Armenia, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Nazi-occupied Greece and in anti-guerilla wars worldwide in order to highlight the crucial role of socio-economic pressures in the generation of group conflicts. By focussing on why so many different people participated in or supported mass violence, and why different groups were victimized, he offers us a new way of understanding one of the most disturbing phenomena of our times.

Review of The Great Pictorial History of World Crime. By Jay Robert Nash. Wilmette, Ill.: History, Inc., 2004.

Frazier reviews The Great Pictorial History of World Crime by Jay Robert Nash.

Review of Encyclopedia of White-Collar and Corporate Crime. Ed. by Lawrence M. Salinger. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage, 2004.

Frazier reviews Encyclopedia of White-Collar and Corporate Crime edited by Lawrence M. Salinger.

Crime, Mass Media and the General Public in Lithuania

The project investigated the presentation of crime in the Lithuanian media and its possible impact on the general public's understanding of crime-related problems in society. Dobryninas concentrated on three main aspects of this problem: the development of the image of crime in the Lithuanian press and television, journalists' principles in presenting crime-related information, and the public attitude to the presentation of crime in the media. A content analysis of national newspapers from the period of 1992-1997 showed not only increasing interest in crime problems, but also the distorted nature of the image of crime in the media. In-depth interviews with Lithuanian journalists demonstrated that they understood their role in presenting crime-related information firstly as providing information oriented to high public demand, although at the same time they did not deny the commercial and entertainment aspects of crime reporting. Readership and audience research illustrated the clear influence of the media on the public understanding of crime problems in society. However, the virtual image of crime did not greatly affect the system of values and beliefs of Lithuanians, nor did it challenge their insistence that problems of crime could and should be managed within the framework of a civil and open society.