3.0～2.0Ma B. P.南海南部深海沉积物孢粉记录及其对全球变化的响应

为了重建东亚季风区域2.5MaB.P.前后植被和气候变化的历史，更好地了解低纬度地区植被变化及其对全球变化的响应，本研究选择了南海南部ODP1143站深海沉积物中的孢粉样品进行研究。通过高分辨率（7ka）的孢粉样品的分析研究，建立起3.0～2.0MaB.P.时段南海深海沉积孢粉组合序列，系统建立了这一时段植被演替序列。在此基础上，重点研究了2.5MaB.P.前后气候变化在南海周边地区植被演替中的响应，为探索和揭示东亚古季风及古环境演变提供了孢粉学依据。 ODP 1143站位于南沙海区，北纬9º22´，东经113º17´，深海柱状样采于水深2772m的大陆坡。本研究以生物地层学和氧同位素年代学为依据建立了年龄框架，对1143站135～95m（3.0～2.6 Ma B. P.）深海沉积中的孢粉样品进行了分析，建立了3.0～2.0MaB.P.时段南海深海沉积孢粉组合序列。孢粉样品处理方法主要是用盐酸去掉钙质和氢氟酸浸泡溶解硅质后，再用筛子将样品在超声波发生器中震荡过滤。孢粉的鉴定和统计在光学透视显微镜下完成。研究结果表明： 1、孢粉谱的主要特征是沉积率变化显著。与3.0～2.6 Ma B. P. 相比，2.6～2.0 Ma B. P.各类型花粉及孢子沉积率均有显著提高。该结果表明2.6 Ma B. P.南海海平面有显著下降，可与北半球冰盖形成、东亚季风增强相对应。 2、2.6 Ma B. P.以来，各类型孢粉沉积率变化与深海氧同位素分期相对应，代表了多次冰期-间冰期旋回。该结果表明南海海平面曾有多次上升和下降。 3、频谱分析结果表明，3.0～2.0 Ma B. P.存在0.1 Ma（偏心率）和46.9ka（斜率）的周期。

Binding of the molecular chaperone αB-crystallin to Aβ amyloid fibrils inhibits fibril elongation.

The molecular chaperone αB-crystallin is a small heat-shock protein that is upregulated in response to a multitude of stress stimuli, and is found colocalized with Aβ amyloid fibrils in the extracellular plaques that are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease. We investigated whether this archetypical small heat-shock protein has the ability to interact with Aβ fibrils in vitro. We find that αB-crystallin binds to wild-type Aβ(42) fibrils with micromolar affinity, and also binds to fibrils formed from the E22G Arctic mutation of Aβ(42). Immunoelectron microscopy confirms that binding occurs along the entire length and ends of the fibrils. Investigations into the effect of αB-crystallin on the seeded growth of Aβ fibrils, both in solution and on the surface of a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor, reveal that the binding of αB-crystallin to seed fibrils strongly inhibits their elongation. Because the lag phase in sigmoidal fibril assembly kinetics is dominated by elongation and fragmentation rates, the chaperone mechanism identified here represents a highly effective means to inhibit fibril proliferation. Together with previous observations of αB-crystallin interaction with α-synuclein and insulin fibrils, the results suggest that this mechanism is a generic means of providing molecular chaperone protection against amyloid fibril formation.

光敏核不育水稻中光敏色素A mRNA的丰度分析及光敏色素A和B���物功能的分析

本文以光敏色素A (phyA)的特异性基因片段RPA3为探针，利用RNA斑点杂交的方法对光敏核不育水稻农垦58S及对照农垦58叶片中phyA mRNA的丰度进行了分析。结果显示：在育性转换敏感期，光周期处理O天时，农垦58S (NK 58S) phyA mR-NA的丰度比农垦58 (NK 58) phyA mRNA的高。光周期处理5天（雌雄蕊原基形成期）及10天（花粉母细胞形成期）时，短日照条件下(SD)，NK 58S phyA mRNA的丰度均比NK58高。进一步比较3天龄NK58S及NK58黄化苗中phyA基因表达的差异，发现NK58S phyA mRNA的丰度比NK58高，并且两品种均符合黄化苗中phyA对其mRNA丰度的负调控作用。这一结果进一步证实：甲基化水平低的NK58S phyA基因比NK58 phyA基因更活跃地表达，进而导致转录水平与翻译水平上的差异，最终参与调节NK 58S的育性转换。 另外，通过持续远红光和红光照射黄化水稻幼苗诱导叶绿素合成的实验，分析了NK58S与NK58之间光敏色素生物功能的差异。持续远红光高辐照度反应(FR-HIR)由phyA负责调节，持续红光高辐照度反应(R-HIR)由phyB���责调节。实验结果显示：持续FR使NK58S与NK58合成叶绿素的含量在12 h时达到最高，并且NK58中叶绿素合成的相对效应比NK585高。持续R使NK58S及NK58中叶绿素的含量在24小时连续处理下持续增加，而且在此时间进程中，NK58中叶绿素合成的相对效应也都比NK58S高。这些结果说明在NK58S和NK58中phyA和phyB���参与了叶绿素合成的调节，并且phyA，phyB���NK58S和NK58黄化苗转绿过程中的作用存在差异。

Descriptions of larval, prejuvenile, and juvenile finescale menhaden (Brevoortia gunteri) (family Clupeidae), and comparisons to gulf menhaden (B. patronus)

Larval and juvenile development of finescale menhaden (Brevoortia gunteri) is described for the first time by using wild-caught individuals from Nueces Bay, Texas, and is compared with larval and juvenile development of co-occurring gulf menhaden (B. patronus). Meristics, morphometrics, and pigmentation patterns were examined as development proceeded. An illustrated series of finescale menhaden is presented to show changes that occurred during development. For finescale menhaden, transformation to the juvenile stage was completed by 17−19 mm standard length (SL). By contrast, transformation to the juvenile stage for gulf menhaden was not complete until 23−25 mm SL. Characteristics useful for separating larval and juvenile finescale menhaden from gulf menhaden included 1) the presence or absence of pigment at the base of the insertion of the pelvic fins; 2) the standard length at which medial predorsal pigment occurs; 3) differences in the number of dorsal fin ray elements; and, 4) the number of vertebrae.