The possible effects of wind energy on Illinois birds and bats.

"200/2007"

Expert survey on priorities for the information society in the Caribbean

An on-line survey of experts was conducted to solicit their views on policy priorities in the area of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the Caribbean. The experts considered the goal to ���promote teacher training in the use of ICTs in the classroom��� to be the highest priority, followed by goals to ���reduce the cost of broadband services��� and ���promote the use of ICT in emergency and disaster prevention, preparedness and response.��� Goals in the areas of cybercrime, e-commerce, egovernment, universal service funds, consumer protection, and on-line privacy rounded out the top 10. Some of the lowest ranked goals were those related to coordinating the management of infrastructure changes. These included the switchover for digital terrestrial television (DTT) and digital FM radio, cloud computing for government ICT, the introduction of satellite-based internet services, and the installation of content distribution networks (CDNs). Initiatives aimed at using ICT to promote specific industries, or specific means of promoting the digital economy, tended toward the centre of the rankings. Thus, a general pattern emerged which elevated the importance of focusing on how ICT is integrated into the broader society, with economic issues a lower priority, and concerns about coordination on infrastructure issues lower still.

Efectos distributivos de las pol��ticas p��blicas para la mitigaci��n del cambio clim��tico en Am��rica Latina: una aproximaci��n con un meta-an��lisis

El principal objetivo de este estudio es analizar los efectos potenciales de diversas pol��ticas clim��ticas sobre la distribuci��n del ingreso en Am��rica Latina. Este an��lisis se realiz�� con base en un meta-an��lisis y su meta-regresi��n y el an��lisis de las encuestas de ingreso gasto de diversos pa��ses de Am��rica Latina. Los principales resultados obtenidos de este an��lisis muestran que en general existe una tendencia a identificar efectos regresivos derivados de la instrumentaci��n de pol��ticas p��blicas orientadas a la mitigaci��n. Sin embargo, la revisi��n de la literatura y de las encuestas de ingreso gasto muestran que los resultados son heterog��neos por pa��ses y que dependen de factores tales como el instrumento aplicado, la inclusi��n de estrategias de reciclaje fiscal y del nivel de desarrollo.

Segregaci��n socioecon��mica escolar en Chile: elecci��n de la escuela por los padres y un an��lisis contrafactual te��rico

En este art��culo se examina la hip��tesis de que la pol��tica de elecci��n escolar ha incrementado la segregaci��n socioecon��mica en Chile. Se utiliza una base de datos georreferenciada de estudiantes y escuelas del Gran Santiago, para comparar la segregaci��n real con la que se producir��a en un escenario hipot��tico en que los estudiantes asisten a la escuela m��s cercana a su lugar de residencia. Los resultados indican que la segregaci��n escolar es mayor en el escenario real que en el contrafactual, lo que sugiere que la interacci��n entre las preferencias de las familias y las barreras de entrada establecidas por las escuelas (cobros obligatorios y procesos de admisi��n selectivos) tienden a incrementar la segregaci��n escolar m��s all�� del efecto de la segregaci��n residencial subyacente en la ciudad.

Estructura de clase, distribuci��n del ingreso y pol��ticas p��blicas. Una aproximaci��n al caso argentino en la etapa post-neoliberal

En el per��odo 2003-2009 parecieran reducirse en Argentina los niveles de desigualdad de ingresos respecto de la d��cada de 1990. En ocasiones, dicha din��mica distributiva suele relacionarse a ciertas pol��ticas p��blicas aplicadas por el Estado. Sin embargo, creemos que, generalmente, estos an��lisis no contemplan el impacto diferenciado de las pol��ticas de ingresos -tales como el Salario M��nimo vital y M��vil, la Asignaci��n Universal por Hijo, el Plan Jefes, el Plan Familias, entre otras- sobre los trabajadores que pertenecen a diferentes estratos al interior de los sectores populares. En el presente trabajo, intentamos realizar una estratificaci��n social por clases sociales, similar a la propuesta por Torrado (1994), para evaluar dos cuestiones clave en relaci��n a las pol��ticas de ingresos aplicadas en la ��ltima d��cada. Primero, pretendemos medir el impacto diferencial de las pol��ticas mencionadas sobre los diferentes estratos al interior de los sectores populares. En segundo lugar, la estratificaci��n mencionada nos permite indagar sobre el origen de estas pol��ticas p��blicas y en qu�� medida las mismas son el resultado de las estrategias de lucha de los diferentes estratos que conforman las clases populares. La fuente de informaci��n prioritaria para realizar el estudio ser�� la Encuesta Permanente de Hogares dise��ada por el INDEC

Inequidades de G��nero y Pol��ticas P��blicas. Un mapa de las pol��ticas sociales y de empleo en la Argentina Actual

El g��nero ha sido uno de los factores centrales en la construcci��n de desigualdades. Se han estructurado distinciones sociales y culturales entre los hombres y las mujeres para convertir diferencias biol��gicas del sexo en jerarqu��as de poder, de estatus y de ingresos. La presente ponencia es parte de los resultados del grupo de investigaci��n de UBACyT E-005, que ha estudiado el correlato existente entre pol��ticas p��blicas destinadas a las mujeres desocupadas, jefas de hogar y pobres y el objetivo expl��cito de reducci��n de las desigualdades. El estudio describe el per��odo temporal 2003-2009, per��odo donde se establecieron programas de estas caracter��sticas por parte del Ministerio de Trabajo y el Ministerio de Desarrollo Social, que se fortalecieron y aceleraron a partir de la crisis; tales son los casos del Sistemas de Protecci��n al Desempleo (contributivos y no contributivos), la protecci��n social al empleo (acciones de capacitaci��n y recalificaci��n, terminalidad educativa e incentivos a la generaci��n de empleo), preservaci��n y formalizaci��n laboral, institucionalizaci��n de servicios p��blicos de empleo, promoci��n y desarrollo de econom��as solidarias, asignaci��n universal por hijo, y el impacto del sistema integrado previsional argentino (SIPA)

The unequal segmentation of public preparedness for mass evacuation:a cross-national perspective

This thesis is concerned with understanding how Emergency Management Agencies (EMAs) influence public preparedness for mass evacuation across seven countries. Due to the lack of cross-national research (Tierney et al., 2001), there is a lack of knowledge on EMAs perspectives and approaches to the governance of public preparedness. This thesis seeks to address this gap through cross-national research that explores and contributes towards understanding the governance of public preparedness. The research draws upon the risk communication (Wood et al., 2011; Tierney et al., 2001) social marketing (Marshall et al., 2007; Kotler and Lee, 2008; Ramaprasad, 2005), risk governance (Walker et al., 2010, 2013; Kuhlicke et al., 2011; IRGC, 2005, 2007; Renn et al., 2011; Klinke and Renn, 2012), risk society (Beck, 1992, 1999, 2002) and governmentality (Foucault, 1978, 2003, 2009) literature to explain this governance and how EMAs responsibilize the public for their preparedness. EMAs from seven countries (Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Iceland, Japan, Sweden, the United Kingdom) explain how they prepare their public for mass evacuation in response to different types of risk. A cross-national (Hantrais, 1999) interpretive research approach, using qualitative methods including semi-structured interviews, documents and observation, was used to collect data. The data analysis process (Miles and Huberman, 1999) identified how the concepts of risk, knowledge and responsibility are critical for theorising how EMAs influence public preparedness for mass evacuation. The key findings grounded in these concepts include: - Theoretically, risk is multi-functional in the governance of public preparedness. It regulates behaviour, enables surveillance and acts as a technique of exclusion. - EMAs knowledge and how this influenced their assessment of risk, together with how they share the responsibility for public preparedness across institutions and the public, are key to the governance of public preparedness for mass evacuation. This resulted in a form of public segmentation common to all countries, whereby the public were prepared unequally. ��- EMAs use their prior knowledge and assessments of risk to target public preparedness in response to particular known hazards. However, this strategy places the non-targeted public at greater risk in relation to unknown hazards, such as a man-made disaster. - A cross-national conceptual framework of four distinctive governance practices (exclusionary, informing, involving and influencing) are utilised to influence public preparedness. - The uncertainty associated with particular types of risk limits the application of social marketing as a strategy for influencing the public to take responsibility and can potentially increase the risk to the public.

A injun����o em livros did��ticos de l��ngua portuguesa do 4�� e 5�� anos do ensino fundamental

This investigation aims at identifying, describing, analyzing and interpreting how textbooks on Portuguese Language approach, beginning with the linguistic material, the effects of sense in texts that predominately employ injunctives. The corpus of this study is comprised of six collections of textbooks on Portuguese Language, which are part of the National Program Guide for Textbooks (PNLD) from 2010, adopted by the public schools in the city of Natal and the object of study for the Read/Tell Project of the Educational Observatory of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). Textbooks from the 4th and 5th grades, Elementary School, were analyzed ��� 12 copies total. For the analysis, we selected 16 writing proposals of injunctive texts. Our study is based on theoretical discussions by Adam (2001a, 2001b) with regard to the genre of: inciting to action. In addition, we consider the work of Koch and F��vero (1987), Koch and Elias (2009), Marcuschi (2003, 2008) Pery-Woodly (2001), Rodrigues (2013), Travaglia (1992, 2007) and Rosa (2007). With respect to discussions on textbooks, we refer to Choppin (2004, 2009), Batista (2003, 2009), Rojo e Batista (2005), and with regard to Portuguese Language textbooks specifically, we consider Soares (1998, 2001, 2004) and Bunzen and Rojo (2005). The proposals for writing in injunctive texts, in the collections analyzed, are tips/recommendations, instructions on making toys and/or games, travel itineraries and cooking recipes, such that 69% of them appear in the 4 th grade textbooks and only 31% appear in the 5th grade textbooks. With respect to the linguistic elements responsible for the construction of directive speech acts and the effects on sense produced by them, the data shows that 50% of the writing proposals do not exploit linguistic categories that implicate the effects on sense using injunctives, or rather, there is no work done dealing with linguistic analysis, while 33% mention the imperative mode and 17% investigate infinitive verbs. In this dissertation, the textual plans of incitation to act genres were studied and in them the linguistic materiality that vehicles injunction. This study might contribute to the improvement of Portuguese language teaching in what concerns the articulation of grammatical studies to textual sequences/types, mainly in the case of Portuguese language textbooks for the 4th and 5th grades of Elementary School.

A compet��ncia leitora de alunos do ensino fundamental: uma proposta de interven����o

Reading is a activity of paramount importance in the life of every human being, since this practice is essential condition for the exercise of citizenship. Therefore, it is through reading that the student has access to the knowledge that part of the world around him. However, given the complexity involved in the process of learning to read, teach students to read is not an easy task because often they do not acquire the skills necessary to understand the texts. According to this view, the present study focuses on an educational intervention who aim at contribut to the development of reading competence of students in 6th grade "U" of the State School Senador Jos�� Bernardo, in S��o Jo��o do Sabugi - RN. The activities which were of that intervention process were conducted in Portuguese Language classroom and developed through didactic sequences drawn from reading strategies, based on the genres tale and news, since students had serious problems with regard to reading comprehension. Given the importance of meeting the aforementioned difficulty, we seek to develop a proposal for interactive reading activities through genres as a language of social practices, whose goal aimed read to understand and make sense of texts. This intervention proposal falls under the Applied Linguistics and to perform it, were taken as a basis some theories focused on the notion of language as sociointerativa practice, such as studies of Bakhtin (2006, 2011), Bronckart (2012) and targeted contributions to the teaching of reading activity, including, Sol�� (1998), Oliveira (2010), Kleiman (2013), Leffa (1996, 1999), Silveira (2005). Discussions about genres followed the studies of Bakhtin (2011), Marcuschi (2008), as well as other theoretical; the didactic sequences were constructed from Bronckart (2012), Dolz; Noverraz; Schneuwly (2013) and, with regard to the teaching of Portuguese Language, the guidelines were adopted contained in PCN / LP (1998), as well as in Antunes (2003, 2009) and other authors. The results showed that students in the 6th grade increased their understanding capacity of the read texts, by implementing the didactic and pedagogical actions, thereby acquiring the reading competence they needed to keep learning.

Um cora����o que pulsa fora do corpo: imagens passionais nas cartas de Frida Kahlo

Entre los a��os 30 y 40 del siglo pasado, M��xico vio surgir de las cenizas de la revoluci��n mexicana, una figura singular. Frida Kahlo es descrita hasta la fecha de hoy, por el imaginario social ��� en sus pinturas, en sus fotograf��as ��� como una mujer que ha marcado una ��poca y se ha convertido en un s��mbolo de luchas, y esto se extiende hasta la contemporaneidad. Se ha creado en torno a la pintora mexicana, varias im��genes sociales que se describen en el juego dial��gico entre sus obras y sus interlocutores. Teniendo por referencia estas afirmaciones, la investigaci��n aqu�� presentada ha tomado como procedimiento realizar un an��lisis de seis cartas escritas por Frida a sus interlocutores amados/amantes ��� tres hombres con los que estuvo involucrada, emocionalmente, durante diferentes per��odos de su vida ��� y, como objetivo, hacer un mapeo de los eth�� construidos por ella en enunciados en los cuales ella "pinta" verbalmente una imagen de s�� misma que se revela en las opciones l��xicas elegidas para hablar de amor, de traici��n, de amistad, de dolor y de su estar en el mundo. Por lo tanto, hemos refinado una imagen est��tica e ideol��gica de Frida Kahlo que se cubre de pasionalidades distintas y de diversos grados dial��gicos. Hay, en el recorte temporal y axiol��gico que hicimos para esta investigaci��n, una mujer de naturaleza amante y que transform�� ese amor en el tono de sus enfrentamientos con los interlocutores con quienes estuvo involucrada emocionalmente. Nuestro an��lisis est�� anclado en los postulados te��ricos del An��lisis Dial��gico del Discurso (ADD), cuyo te��rico base es el fil��sofo ruso Mikhail Bakhtin (2003, 2009, 2013) ��� sobre todo cuando se trata de estilo ��� y en la teor��a de la enunciaci��n de Maingueneau (2008, 2005) y Charaudeau (2006) ��� en lo que se refiere al ethos discursivo. Esta investigaci��n se inserta en el ��rea de Ling����stica Aplicada y tiene un enfoque cualitativo-interpretativo.

Redes Sociais da Fam��lia Multiproblem��tica ou Fam��lia Multidesafios

Esta investiga����o surge no ��mbito do Mestrado de Psicologia Cl��nica ��� Fam��lia e Interven����o Sist��mica, da Escola Superior de Altos Estudos, do Instituto Superior Miguel Torga. A disserta����o de mestrado intitulada As Rede Sociais da Fam��lia Multiproblem��tica ou Fam��lia Multidesafios ��� Estudo Explorat��rio, trata-se de um estudo explorat��rio e versa sobre as principais caracter��sticas das redes sociais destas fam��lias, seus principais problemas e particularidades, contemplando uma leitura macrosist��mica (Bronfenbrenner, 1986; Fuster & Ochoa, 2000; Navarro, 2004; Rojano, 2004; Rosello, 2004). Foram exploradas as caracter��sticas estruturais, as caracter��sticas funcionais e os atributos do v��nculo das redes sociais (Guay, 1984; Gu��don, 1984; Barr��n, 1996; Sluzki, 1996, 2000, 2007; Guadalupe, 2003, 2009; Alarc��o & Sousa, 2007) das fam��lias multiproblem��ticas ou multidesafios, concluindo-se que estas possuem maioritariamente redes de tamanho reduzido, de densidade m��dia (redes fragmentadas). Os quadrantes das rela����es familiares, das rela����es institucionais e das rela����es de amizade assumem um peso significativo. As redes sociais demonstram ser localizadas, nos quadrantes anteriormente mencionados e no quadrante das rela����es de trabalho ou estudo constatamos uma aus��ncia de rela����es. Foram analisadas as caracter��sticas funcionais, como o apoio emocional, o apoio informativo, e o apoio material e instrumental, concluindo-se que o apoio �� reconhecido de forma positiva, pelas fam��lias. Relativamente, aos atributos do v��nculo, a totalidade da amostra percepciona trocas equitativas do apoio (reciprocidade) e ao n��vel da frequ��ncia de contactos, as fam��lias referem contactos frequentes. Ao tentarmos identificar os principais problemas das fam��lias (Costa, 1998; Sousa, Hespanha, Rodrigues & Grilo, 2007) conclu��mos que se encontram em diferentes ��reas e s��o percepcionados de forma diferente por fam��lias e profissionais.

Integraci��n, crisis y oportunidades : el caso andino

La Comunidad Andina es una organizaci��n subregional constituida por Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador, Per�� y Venezuela. De estos pa��ses, Colombia es el segundo miembro m��s grandedespu��s de Venezuela. Los principales objetivos de la ComunidadAndina (CAN) son: promover el desarrollo equilibrado y arm��nico de sus pa��ses miembros en condiciones de equidad, acelerar el crecimiento por medio de la integraci��n y la cooperaci��n econ��mica y social, impulsar la participaci��n en el proceso de integraci��n regional, con miras a la formaci��n gradual de un mercado com��n latinoamericano, y promover un mejoramientopersistente en el nivel de vida de sus habitantes.

Pol��ticas de cobertura en educaci��n superior rural en Antioquia, Cundinamarca y Caldas entre 2000 y 2012: un an��lisis desde la perspectiva de g��nero

Bogot�� (Colombia): Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Econ��micas y Sociales. Programa de Econom��a

Adultos mayores en condici��n de desplazamiento en la localidad de Bosa: una mirada desde el enfoque de derechos y desde las capacidades

Bogot�� (Colombia): Universidad de La Salle, Facultad de Ciencias Econ��micas y Sociales. Maestr��a en Estudios y Gesti��n del Desarrollo

Temas ambientais para an��lise prospectiva dos setores de produ����o e processamento de madeira para energia.

No setor agroindustrial florestal j�� existe uma mobiliza����o para atender alguns crit��rios de certifica����o socioambiental, mas esta n��o �� a realidade vigente na cadeia da madeira para energia. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho se prop��e a levantar, de forma preliminar, alguns temas ambientais para an��lises prospectivas dos setores de produ����o e processamento de madeira para energia, na regi��o Sudeste do Brasil. Os temas de interesse foram selecionados com base em pesquisa bibliogr��fica, utilizando bases de dados dispon��veis, tanto em termos cient��ficos como estat��sticos. Procurou-se atender a grandes questionamentos, levantados atualmente, para a expans��o da agroenergia no mundo, que envolvem o poss��vel desmatamento, a competi����o com alimentos e as mudan��as clim��ticas. Seguindo outros estudos de biomassa para energia foram previamente selecionados quatro grandes temas que abrangem: Uso da terra; Recursos Naturais; Gera����o e uso de res��duos; Energia. Cabe considerar que a sele����o �� preliminar e ser�� validada em etapa posterior, que envolver�� a consulta a especialistas na cadeia produtiva da madeira para energia. Entretanto, como considera����o final fica a id��ia de que o agroneg��cio, de forma geral n��o poder�� mais ser analisado apenas quanto aos aspectos econ��micos, sendo a sua competitividade fortemente ligada aos aspectos sociais e ambientais.