Sea surface temperature and export productivity reconstructions of sediments off the western Iberian margin

Present day hydrographic conditions along the western Iberian margin are characterized by seasonal upwelling with filaments that can penetrate more than 200 km into the open ocean and constitute areas of cold and highly productive waters. In order to investigate spatial and temporal gradients in temperature and productivity conditions during the last 150 ky, high-resolution proxy records were generated in 3 cores (SU92-03, MD95-2040, MD95-2042), located along the Iberian coast between 43°12'N and 37°48'N and forming a N-S profile. In all cores, planktonic foraminifera census counts are used to reconstruct summer sea surface temperature (SSTsu) and export productivity (Pexpsu) using the modern analog technique SIMMAX 28. SSTsu and Pexpsu values similar to the present are observed throughout the Holocene and MIS 5e periods for each site, respectively, indicating fairly stable conditions equivalent to the modern ones. On glacial/interglacial timescales, SSTsu increases by 2-3 °C from the northern to southernmost site. Pexpsu, on the other hand, shows a decrease of 30-40 gC/m**2/yr from North to South at present time and during interglacial periods, and no significant variation (90-100 gC/m**2/yr) during glacial periods. The northernmost core SU92-03 reveals the coldest conditions with records more similar to MD95-2040 than to MD95-2042, the later of which is, as at present, more affected by subtropical waters. Core SU92-03 shows higher interglacial productivity similar to open ocean mid- to high latitude sites, while the other two cores monitor higher glacial productivity conform with other upwelling sites off NW Africa. A boundary between differences in glacial/interglacial productivity appears to be present in our study between 43°12'N and 40°35'N. Especially north of 40°N, coldest SSTsu and lowest Pexpsu are found during Heinrich events (H)1-H8 and H10-H11. In contrast, lowest Pexpsu do not coincide with these events at site MD95-2042, but appear to be related to the presence of relatively warm and nutrient-poor subtropical Eastern North Atlantic Central Water advected with the Azores Current.

Sea surface temperature reconstruction based on planktonic foraminifera of surface sediments and sediment cores off Iberia

Quantitative and qualitative analyses of planktonic foraminiferal assemblages from 134 core-top sediment samples collected along the western Iberian margin were used to assess the latitudinal and longitudinal changes in surface water conditions and to calibrate a Sea Surface Temperature (SST) transfer function for this seasonal coastal upwelling region. Q-mode factor analysis performed on relative abundances yielded three factors that explain 96% of the total variance: factor 1 (50%) is exclusively defined by Globigerina bulloides, the most abundant and widespread species, and reflects the modern seasonal (May to September) coastal upwelling areas; factor 2 (32%) is dominated by Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (dextral) and Globorotalia inflata and seems to be associated with the Portugal Current, the descending branch of the North Atlantic Drift; factor 3 (14%) is defined by the tropical-sub-tropical species Globigerinoides ruber (white), Globigerinoides trilobus trilobus, and G. inflata and mirrors the influence of the winter-time eastern branch of the Azores Current. In conjunction with satellite-derived SST for summer and winter seasons integrated over an 18 year period the regional foraminiferal data set is used to calibrate a SST transfer function using Imbrie & Kipp, MAT and SIMMAX(ndw) techniques. Similar predicted errors (RMSEP), correlation coefficients, and residuals' deviation from SST estimated for both techniques were observed for both seasons. All techniques appear to underestimate SST off the southern Iberia margin, an area mainly occupied by warm waters where upwelling occurs only occasionally, and overestimate SST on the northern part of the west coast of the Iberia margin, where cold waters are present nearly all year round. The comparison of these regional calibrations with former Atlantic and North Atlantic calibrations for two cores, one of which is influenced by upwelling, reveals that the regional one attests more robust paleo-SSTs than for the other approaches.

Tab. 1. Listing of BGR seismic refraction results off West Spitsbergen

Three main depositional sequences have been determined in the seismic records taken off West Spitsbergen (1) a Plio-Pleistocene sequence SPI-I with velocities of 1.7 to 2.8 km/sec; (2) a Pliocene allochthonous sequence SPI-II with velocities of 2.4 to 2.8 km/sec underlying unconformity U1; (3) a pre-Middle Oligocene sequence SPI-III with velocities of 2.9 to 4.8 km/sec underlying a distinct unconformity (U2) and deposited in front of the downfaulted Spitsbergen Platform indicating some opening of the Greenland Sea already before tbe time of magnetic anomaly 13 (36 m.y.b.p.). A marked change in the seismic configuration of the oceanic basement has been observed about 30 to 40 km east of the central Knipovich graben. The transition from the oceanic crust of the Knipovich Ridge to the strongly faulted, continental substratum of the Spitsbergen Platform occurs over a narrow zone and is associated with a pre-Middle Oligocene depocenter.

Planktonic foraminiferal flux and shell geochemistry data in the sediment trap time series JAM 1-3 off south Java

Results from sediment trap experiments conducted in the seasonal upwelling area off south Java from November 2000 until July 2003 revealed significant monsoon-, El Niño-Southern Oscillation-, and Indian Ocean Dipole-induced seasonal and interannual variations in flux and shell geochemistry of planktonic foraminifera. Surface net primary production rates together with total and species-specific planktonic foraminiferal flux rates were highest during the SE monsoon-induced coastal upwelling period from July to October, with three species Globigerina bulloides, Neogloboquadrina pachyderma dex., and Globigerinita glutinata contributing to 40% of the total foraminiferal flux. Shell stable oxygen isotopes (d18O) and Mg/Ca data of Globigerinoides ruber sensu stricto (s.s.), G. ruber sensu lato (s.l.), Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, and Globorotalia menardii in the sediment trap time series recorded surface and subsurface conditions. We infer habitats of 0-30 m for G. ruber at the mixed layer depth, 60-80 m (60-90 m) for P. obliquiloculata (N. dutertrei) at the upper thermocline depth, and 90-110 m (100-150 m) for G. menardii in the 355-500 mm (>500 µm) size fraction corresponding to the (lower) thermocline depth in the study area. Shell Mg/Ca ratio of G. ruber (s.l. and s.s.) reveals an exponential relationship with temperature that agrees with published relationships particularly with the Anand et al. (2003) equations. Flux-weighted foraminiferal data in sediment trap are consistent with average values in surface sediment samples off SW Indonesia. This consistency confirms the excellent potential of these proxies for reconstructing past environmental conditions in this part of the ocean realm.

Planktonic foraminifera abundances and isotopes of Late Quaternary sediments off New Zealand

A series of cores from east of New Zealand have been examined to determine the paleoceanographic history of the late Quaternary in the SW Pacific using planktonic foraminiferal data. Distinct shifts of species can be seen between glacial and interglacial times especially south of Chatham Rise east of South Island. Foraminiferal fragmentation ratios and benthic/planktonic foraminiferal ratios both show increased dissolution during glacials, especially isotope stage 2 to the south of Chatham Rise. The present-day Subtropical Convergence appears to be tied to the Chatham Rise at 44°S, but during glacial times this rise separated cold water to the south from much warmer water to the north, with an associated strong thermal gradient across the rise. We estimate that this gradient could have presented as much as an 8°C temperature change across 4° of latitude during the maximum of the last ice age. There is only weak evidence of the Younger Dryas cool event, but there is a clear climatic optimum between 8 and 6.4 ka with temperatures 1°-2°C higher than the present day. The marine changes compare well with vegetational changes on both South and North Island.

Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits on the coral banks of the continental shelf in the south-western coastal area of the Gulf of Mexico off Texas

During U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management (BLM) public hearings held in 1973, 1974 and 1975 prior to Texas Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) oil and gas lease sales, concern was expressed by the National Marine Fisheries Service, scientists from Texas A&M and the University of Texas and private citizens over the possible environmental impact of oil and gas drilling and production operations on coral reefs and fishing banks in or adjacent to lease blocks to be sold. As a result, certain restrictive regulations concerning drilling operations in the vicinity of the well documented coral reefs and biostromal communities at the East and West Flower Gardens were established by BLM, and Signal Oil Company was required to provide a biological and geological baseline study of the less well known Stetson Bank before a drilling permit could be issued. Considering the almost total lack of knowledge of the geology and biotic communities associated with the South Texas OCS banks lying in or near lease blocks to be offered for sale in 1975, BLM contracted with Texas A&M University to provide the biological and geological baseline information required to facilitate judgments as to the extent and nature of restrictive regulations on drilling near these banks which might be required to insure their protection. In pursuit of this, scientists from Texas A&M University were to direct their attention toward assessments of ground fish populations, unique biological and geological features, substratum type and distribution, and the biotic and geologic relationships between these banks and those farther north.

The press for seniors, an emerging sector that doesn’t quite take off

This article is a description and analysis of the press of seniors in Spain, from two points of view: 1. media mapping, and 2. study of the advertising and editorial content that offer two important magazines of the sector: Sesenta y Más, magazine of the IMSERSO, and Senda Senior, as a commercial proposal. As well, of the study is that the sector does not go through its best moment, lack of advertising interest, but headers offer models of life that best fit the new times, profiling a person who without worrying about their health, be more active in the communication field, in the playful and especially in the cultural.

Protocolo para el uso y aplicación racional de productos químicos, microbiológicos y antibióticos en la producción de camarón marino de cultivo en El Salvador

Este protocolo tiene por objeto establecer los requisitos y medidas sanitarias de prevención y control de la dispersión de enfermedades de alto impacto y para el uso adecuado y racional de fármacos de uso específico en la acuicultura, específicamente para la producción camaronera y de los laboratorios de producción de nauplios y post larvas del país. Este documento es resultado del proyecto de investigación denominado Muestreo y diagnóstico de la calidad microbiológica del agua durante un ciclo de cultivo de camarón marino en estanques de cooperativas de San Hilario, Bahía de Jiquilisco, Usulután, ejecutado por la Escuela Especializada en Ingeniería ITCA-FEPADE, Centro Regional La Unión. En este proyecto se determinó cualitativa y cuantitativamente la presencia de coliformes totales, coliformes fecales (Es-cherichia coli) y bacterias Heterótrofas que constituyen los bioindicadores estándar de contaminación orgánica del agua. Se determinó además la presencia de Vibrio sp., Pseudomonas sp., y Aeromonas sp. en el área de estudio identificados como los principales agentes causantes de enfermedades infecciosas en el camarón marino. El muestreo ayudó a conocer la influencia de parámetros físico-químicos en la presencia de los microorganismos estudiados y servirá de marco para elaborar una propuesta para un programa de monitoreo de la acuicultura en todas sus etapas del encadenamiento productivo. Se realizó un taller con la Cooperativa Senderos de Paz sobre los resultados de TCBS de la calidad del agua en el canal reservorio y el estanque número 3 de dicha cooperativa.

Otimização e validação de método empregando SPE e LC-APCI-MS/MS para determinação de fármacos em água de supefície e de abastecimento público

O uso mundial dos fármacos classificados como contaminantes emergentes tornouse um novo problema ambiental devido à possível contaminação das águas de superfície e de abastecimento, podendo impactar o meio ambiente e causar danos à saúde pública. Na cidade de Rio Grande, RS, Brasil, o suprimento de água potável é realizado pela CORSAN (Companhia Riograndense de Saneamento), que capta a água do Canal São Gonçalo, o qual estabelece uma ligação entre as lagoas: dos Patos e Mirim. Neste trabalho um método analítico empregando Extração em Fase Sólida (SPE) e Cromatografia Líquida com Fonte de Ionização Química a Pressão Atmosférica acoplada a Espectrometria de Massas (LC-APCI-MS/MS) foi desenvolvido e validado para a determinação dos fármacos atenolol, cafeína, diclofenaco, fluoxetina e sulfametoxazol em amostras de água superficial e de abastecimento público. O método foi validado conforme parâmetros do INMETRO e SANCO. Os limites de detecção do método variaram entre 0,053 – 0,53 µg L -1 , enquanto para os limites de quantificação a variação foi de 0,16 – 1,6 µg L-1 . Todos os compostos apresentaram excelente linearidade, com coeficiente de correlação maior do que 0,99. Os valores de recuperação estiveram na faixa de 70 a 120%, com RSD menores que 20% para todos os compostos. Através do monitoramento de múltiplas reações (MRM), duas transições diferentes (íon precursor – íon produto) foram selecionadas para cada composto, uma para quantificação e outra para confirmação, o que aumentou a seletividade do método. O efeito de matriz foi avaliado, e dois compostos apresentaram supressão de sinal. O efeito de matriz foi compensado com calibração dos padrões na matriz.

Modificação de membranas de quitosana por plasma para uso biológico

Chitosan membranes have been modified by plasma, utilizing the following gases: nitrogen (N2), methane (CH4), argon (Ar), oxygen (O2) and hydrogen. The modified membranes by plasma were compared to the unmodified ones. The membranes were characterized by absorption assay, contact angle, atomic force microscopy (AFM). Also, permeability assay of sodium sulfamerazine from such membranes were carried out. Through the absorption assay and contact angle it was possible to obtain information of the wettability of the membranes and what changes the plasma treatment can promote in relation to it. The plasma treatment using oxygen promoted increase of the wetability and swelling while the samples treated with methane decrease of the wetability and swelling. Through the Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) it was possible to identify which species were present in the plasma during the treatment. And through the AFM analysis it was possible to observe the changes nanotopography occurred on the surface of the samples. Permeability assay were archived for all treated membranes and compared to no treated ones. Due to that assay it was possible verify which the plasma treatment increased the permeability spectrum of the membranes which has varied from 1,4548 *10-5cm2.min-1 to 2,7713*10-5cm2.min-1. Chitosan membranes with permeability varied are importance in systems drug delivery, to liberate a wide variety of drugs

Avaliação ecotoxicológica de fármacos psicotrópicos e suas possíveis interações com nanomateriais usando embriões de peixe-zebra

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, 2016.

Osteonecrose dos maxilares associada a fármacos anti-reabsorção óssea

Os fármacos anti-reabsorção óssea mais utilizados atualmente são os bifosfonatos que são medicamentos que inibem a actividade osteoclástica. O mecanismo de ação destes fármacos consiste na redução da reabsorção óssea pois inibem a apoptose dos osteoclastos e promovem a inibição da angiogénese. Estes fármacos são utilizados no tratamento de doenças como a osteoporose, hipercalcemia, doença de Paget e em pacientes oncológicos com metástases ósseas de tumores sólidos e mieloma múltiplo. Por outro lado, estes fármacos além de todos os benefícios que têm para os pacientes nestas condições, podem ter como complicação a osteonecrose dos maxilares (ONM). A ONM é uma complicação oral grave caracterizada, na maioria, por uma osteomielite inicial que normalmente evolui para uma exposição de osso necrosado acompanhada por dor na maxila ou na mandíbula. Nos doentes oncológicos têm sido diagnosticados vários casos de necrose óssea mais frequentemente na mandíbula. Esta patologia (ONM) apesar de ter baixa incidência e do seu aparecimento ser relativamente recente, levou à introdução de algumas recomendações internacionais para o uso de bifosfonatos, principalmente em pacientes oncológicos. Para a execução deste trabalho recorri a fontes de pesquisas como as bases de dados como a PubMed, B-On e, também ao Repositório Institucional da Universidade Fernando Pessoa das quais resultaram 198 artigos e duas monografias realizadas por exalunos da Universidade Fernando Pessoa. Com a realização deste trabalho foi possível esclarecer algumas dúvidas acerca dos efeitos que os fármacos anti-reabsorção óssea têm no organismo e mais especificamente na cavidade oral, de forma a estar consciente dos riscos que estes pacientes correm, caso lhes sejam realizados procedimentos como é o caso, das exodontias ou da colocação de implantes.