Ultra-high resolution imaging of the functional anatomy and plasticity of the human hippocampal-entorhinal circuitry

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Naturwiss., Diss., 2015

Ultra-estrutura de glândulas abdominais tegumentares em Oxaea flavescens (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae, Oxaeinae)

The sternal glands of the abdomen of Oxaea flavescens (Klug, 1807) consist of class III glandular cells around a reservoir constituted by branched folds of the intersegmental membrane of segments III, IV and V. The gland cells are rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum and produce a secretion with mucous aspect. The treatment with oxidated osmium and ruthenium red showed numerous Golgi regions in the cell and carbohydrates absorption from the haemolymph, respectively. The high degree of development of the glands suggests an important function to the species, although still unknown.

Histologia e ultra-estrutura do vaso dorsal de Scaptotrigona postica (Hymenoptera, Apidae) em operárias e rainhas de diferentes idades

O vaso dorsal é um órgão tubular localizado na região mediano-dorsal do corpo dos insetos, abaixo do tegumento. Fez-se um estudo de microscopia de luz e eletrônica de transmissão da porção abdominal do vaso dorsal, o coração, em uma espécie de abelha indígena. Foram estudadas operárias e rainhas em diferentes idades. O coração está localizado no sinus pericárdico. A parede cardíaca é formada por fibras musculares estriadas e apresenta aberturas ou ostíolos providos de válvulas. A fibra cardíaca contém miofibrilas arranjadas irregularmente, núcleos alongados ou redondos, mitocôndrias grandes e numerosas, e depósitos de glicogênio. Em operárias e rainhas longevas, as fibras encontram-se em degeneração, evidenciada por vacúolos autofágicos, alterações mitocondriais e acúmulo de corpos mielínicos. Em conclusão, o coração de Scaptotrigona postica é semelhante ao de outros insetos estudados. As alterações encontradas estão relacionadas ao processo de envelhecimento e mantêm relação temporal com a expectativa de vida da casta.

Espermiogênese em Eupemphix nattereri (Anura, Leiuperidae): aspectos ultra-estruturais

A maturação dos espermatozóides envolve um extenso e complexo processo que começa com a proliferação e diferenciação das espermatogônias, passa pela meiose e finaliza com a espermiogênese. Nessa fase, eventos envolvendo alterações morfológicas e bioquímicas transformam espermátides em espermatozóides. Aspectos ultra-estruturais da espermiogênese e do espermatozóide do anuro Eupemphix nattereri (Steindachner, 1863) foram analisados através de microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. A espermiogênese envolve condensação da cromatina e alongamento nuclear, com visível eliminação de citoplasma. Nesse estágio, grande quantidade de microtúbulos e glicogênio podem ser visualizados no citoplasma das células de Sertoli, rodeando cada espermátide. O espermatozóide é fusiforme e o acrossomo forma uma capa na região anterior do núcleo. A bainha mitocondrial é encontrada ao redor da porção proximal da cauda. A cauda apresenta o axonema com o modelo 9+2, uma fibra axonemal, a membrana ondulante e ausência de bastão axial. Esta organização apresenta algumas similaridades com espécies do gênero Physalaemus (Leiuperidae) como P. biligonigerus (Cope, 1861), P. gracilis (Boulenger, 1883) e P. fuscomaculatus (Steindachner, 1864).

Estudos citológicos e citoquímicos em Stenophoridae Crawley, 1903 (Eugregarinidae, Protozoa) II - ultra-estrutura

1 - Indivíduos de Stenophora juli (Frantzius, 1848) Labbé, 1899, parasitos de um Diplopoda, Rhinochricus padbergi Schubart. 1930 foram examinados em microscópia óptica e eletrônica. 2 - Os resultados do estudo citoquímico confirmam os dados obtidos por outros autores em outras espécies de gregarinas. 3 - Quanto à estrutura fina da morfologia celular foi examinada detalhadamente a película a qual apresenta cristas longitudinais de forma e estrutura complexas. 4 - No sulcos da película, entre as cristas, foram encontrados poros na membrana, por onde é realizada a secreção de muco. 5 - Aderente à película, pròpriamente dita foi encontrada, no deutomerito, uma camada homogênea de natureza desconhecida, abaixo da qual encontra-se o mionema. 6 - O septo que separa o proto do deutomerito é constituído por espêssa camada de mionemas incluindo numerosas mitocôndrias. 7 - O endoplasma é extremamente rico em granulações de paraglicogênio, aparecendo em menor quantidade os lipídeos. Observamos também mitocôndrias, retículo endoplasmático e o complexo de Golgi.

Segunda contribuição sobre as alterações ultra-estruturais dos hepatócitos na forma aguda (toxêmica) da esquistossomose mansoni

Estudamos as alterações ultra-estruturais dos hepatócitos na forma aguda, toxêmica, da esquistossomose, em cinco pacientes, membros de uma mesma família infectados em idênticas condições em um córrego existente próximo da lagoa de Pampulha, em Belo Horizonte (MG), e não tratados especificamente para a esquistossomose. Este estudo confirma os dados obtidos em trabalho anterior, em sete pacientes infectados no Município de Sabara (MG). Nos cinco casos, as alterações ultra-estruturais foram inespecíficas, pouco acentuadas, embora mais intensas do que as observadas anteriormente, e se caracterizaram sobretudo pelas modificações das organelas citoplasmáticas, explicando o freqüente encontro de células claras a microscopia óptica. A identificação de alguns granulomas a microscopia eletrônica permitiu verificar que estes mostram, no exstudato, granulócitos eosinófilos, macrófagos, plasmócitos, células epitelióides e mastócitos. Entre as células havia material amorfo e finos feixes de colágeno.

Ultra high performance supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry for screening of doping agents. II: Analysis of biological samples.

The potential and applicability of UHPSFC-MS/MS for anti-doping screening in urine samples were tested for the first time. For this purpose, a group of 110 doping agents with diverse physicochemical properties was analyzed using two separation techniques, namely UHPLC-MS/MS and UHPSFC-MS/MS in both ESI+ and ESI- modes. The two approaches were compared in terms of selectivity, sensitivity, linearity and matrix effects. As expected, very diverse retentions and selectivities were obtained in UHPLC and UHPSFC, proving a good complementarity of these analytical strategies. In both conditions, acceptable peak shapes and MS detection capabilities were obtained within 7min analysis time, enabling the application of these two methods for screening purposes. Method sensitivity was found comparable for 46% of tested compounds, while higher sensitivity was observed for 21% of tested compounds in UHPLC-MS/MS and for 32% in UHPSFC-MS/MS. The latter demonstrated a lower susceptibility to matrix effects, which were mostly observed as signal suppression. In the case of UHPLC-MS/MS, more serious matrix effects were observed, leading typically to signal enhancement and the matrix effect was also concentration dependent, i.e., more significant matrix effects occurred at the lowest concentrations.

Quantification of clenbuterol at trace level in human urine by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Clenbuterol is a β2 agonist agent with anabolic properties given by the increase in the muscular mass in parallel to the decrease of the body fat. For this reason, the use of clenbuterol is forbidden by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) in the practice of sport. This compound is of particular interest for anti-doping authorities and WADA-accredited laboratories due to the recent reporting of risk of unintentional doping following the eating of meat contaminated with traces of clenbuterol in some countries. In this work, the development and the validation of an ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method for the quantification of clenbuterol in human urine is described. The analyte was extracted from urine samples by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) in basic conditions using tert butyl-methyl ether (TBME) and analyzed by UHPLC-MS/MS with a linear gradient of acetonitrile in 9min only. The simple and rapid method presented here was validated in compliance with authority guidelines and showed a limit of quantification at 5pg/mL and a linearity range from 5pg/mL to 300pg/mL. Good trueness (85.8-105%), repeatability (5.7-10.6% RSD) and intermediate precision (5.9-14.9% RSD) results were obtained. The method was then applied to real samples from eighteen volunteers collecting urines after single oral doses administration (1, 5 and 10μg) of clenbuterol-enriched yogurts.

Prenatal Representations of Family in Parents and Coparental Interactions as Predictors of Triadic Interactions During Infancy

In this study, we explored the predictive role of family interactions and family representations in mothers and fathers during pregnancy for postnatal motherfatherinfant interactions during the first 2 years after birth. Families (N = 42) were seen at the fifth month of pregnancy and at 3 and 18 months after birth. During pregnancy, parents were asked to play with their baby at the first meeting by using a doll in accordance with the procedure of the prenatal Lausanne Trilogue Play (LTP; A. Corboz-Warnery & E. Fivaz-Depeursinge, 2001; E. Fivaz-Depeursinge, F. Frascarolo-Moutinot, & A. Corboz-Warnery, 2010). Family representations were assessed by administering the Family System Test (T. Gehring, 1998). Marital satisfaction and the history of the couple were assessed through self-reported questionnaires. At 3 and 18 months, family interactions were assessed in the postnatal LTP. Infant temperament was assessed through parent reports. Results show that (a) prenatal interactions and child temperament are the most important predictors of family interactions and (b) paternal representations are predictive of family interactions at 3 months. These results show that observational assessment of nascent family interactions is possible during pregnancy, which would allow early screening of family maladjustment. The findings also highlight the necessity of taking into account paternal representations as a significant variable in the development of family interactions.

Rare chromosome abnormalities, prevalence and prenatal diagnosis rates from population-based congenital anomaly registers in Europe.

The aim of this study is to quantify the prevalence and types of rare chromosome abnormalities (RCAs) in Europe for 2000-2006 inclusive, and to describe prenatal diagnosis rates and pregnancy outcome. Data held by the European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies database were analysed on all the cases from 16 population-based registries in 11 European countries diagnosed prenatally or before 1 year of age, and delivered between 2000 and 2006. Cases were all unbalanced chromosome abnormalities and included live births, fetal deaths from 20 weeks gestation and terminations of pregnancy for fetal anomaly. There were 10,323 cases with a chromosome abnormality, giving a total birth prevalence rate of 43.8/10,000 births. Of these, 7335 cases had trisomy 21,18 or 13, giving individual prevalence rates of 23.0, 5.9 and 2.3/10,000 births, respectively (53, 13 and 5% of all reported chromosome errors, respectively). In all, 473 cases (5%) had a sex chromosome trisomy, and 778 (8%) had 45,X, giving prevalence rates of 2.0 and 3.3/10,000 births, respectively. There were 1,737 RCA cases (17%), giving a prevalence of 7.4/10,000 births. These included triploidy, other trisomies, marker chromosomes, unbalanced translocations, deletions and duplications. There was a wide variation between the registers in both the overall prenatal diagnosis rate of RCA, an average of 65% (range 5-92%) and the prevalence of RCA (range 2.4-12.9/10,000 births). In all, 49% were liveborn. The data provide the prevalence of families currently requiring specialised genetic counselling services in the perinatal period for these conditions and, for some, long-term care.

Ultra deep blue: the ultimate chess player

Projecte d'adaptació del programa GNU Chess al sistema de grid computing 'Condor'. I amb això, es planteja un estudi sobre els algorismes de cerca i la seva aplicació en entorns distribuïts. Una sèrie de proves sobre unes mostres de una partida d'escacs contra el propi GNU Chess ens ajuden a posar de relleu els avantatges i inconvenients de cada un dels algorismes proposats.

Evaluation of prenatal diagnosis of cleft lip with or without cleft palate and cleft palate by ultrasound: experience from 20 European registries. EUROSCAN study group.

Ultrasound scans in the mid-trimester of pregnancy are now a routine part of antenatal care in most European countries. Using data from registries of congenital anomalies a study was undertaken in Europe. The objective of the study was to evaluate prenatal detection of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL(P)) and cleft palate (CP). All CL(P) and CPs suspected prenatally and identified at birth in the period 1996-98 were registered from 20 Congenital Malformation Registers from the following European countries: Austria, Croatia, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, Spain, Switzerland, The Netherlands, UK, Ukraine. These registries followed the same methodology. A total of 709,027 births were covered; 7758 cases with congenital malformations were registered. Included in the study were 751 cases reported with facial clefts: 553 CL(P) and 198 CP. The prenatal diagnosis by transabdominal ultrasound of CL(P) was made in 65/366 cases with an isolated malformation, in 32/62 cases with chromosomal anomaly, in 30/89 cases with multiple malformations and in 21/36 syndromic cases. The prenatal diagnosis of CP was made in 13/198 cases. One hundred pregnancies were terminated (13%); in 97 of these the cleft was associated with other malformations.

Evaluation of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of fetal abdominal wall defects by 19 European registries.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the current effectiveness of routine prenatal ultrasound screening in detecting gastroschisis and omphalocele in Europe. DESIGN: Data were collected by 19 congenital malformation registries from 11 European countries. The registries used the same epidemiological methodology and registration system. The study period was 30 months (July 1st 1996-December 31st 1998) and the total number of monitored pregnancies was 690,123. RESULTS: The sensitivity of antenatal ultrasound examination in detecting omphalocele was 75% (103/137). The mean gestational age at the first detection of an anomaly was 18 +/- 6.0 gestational weeks. The overall prenatal detection rate for gastroschisis was 83% (88/106) and the mean gestational age at diagnosis was 20 +/- 7.0 gestational weeks. Detection rates varied between registries from 25 to 100% for omphalocele and from 18 to 100% for gastroschisis. Of the 137 cases of omphalocele less than half of the cases were live births (n = 56; 41%). A high number of cases resulted in fetal deaths (n = 30; 22%) and termination of pregnancy (n = 51; 37%). Of the 106 cases of gastroschisis there were 62 (59%) live births, 13 (12%) ended with intrauterine fetal death and 31 (29%) had the pregnancies terminated. CONCLUSIONS: There is significant regional variation in detection rates in Europe reflecting different policies, equipment and the operators' experience. A high proportion of abdominal wall defects is associated with concurrent malformations, syndromes or chromosomal abnormalities, stressing the need for the introduction of repeated detailed ultrasound examination as a standard procedure. There is still a relatively high rate of elective termination of pregnancies for both defects, even in isolated cases which generally have a good prognosis after surgical repair.

Self-Confidence, Overconfidence and Prenatal Testosterone Exposure: Evidence from the Lab

This paper examines whether the degree of confidence and overconfidence in one's ability is determined biologically. In articular, we study whether foetal testosterone exposure correlates with an incentive-compatible measure of confidence within an experimental setting. We find that men (rather than women) who were exposed to high testosterone levels in their mother's womb are less likely to overestimate their actual performance, which in turn helps them to gain higher monetary rewards. Men exposed to low prenatal testosterone levels, instead, set unrealistically high expectations which results in self-defeating behaviour. These results from the lab are able to reconcile hitherto disconnected evidence from the field, by providing a link between traders'overconfidence bias, long-term financial returns and prenatal testosterone exposure.