Análise de falhas em martelos oscilantes dos desfibradores da indústria sucroalcooleira da Região Norte-Nordeste

The failure of materials is always an unwelcome event for several reasons: human lives are put in danger, economic losses, and interference in the availability of products and services. Although the causes of failures and behaviour of materials can be known, the prevention of such a condition is difficult to be guaranteed. Among the failures, wear abrasion by the low voltage is the kind of failure that occurs in more equipment and parts industry. The Plants Sucroalcooleiras suffer significant losses because of such attrition, this fact that motivated their choice for the development of this work. For both, were considered failures in the swing hammers desfibradores stopped soon after the exchange provided in accordance with tonnage of cane processed, then were analyzed by the level of wear testing of rubber wheel defined by the standard ASTM G65-91.The failures were classified as to the origin of the cause and mechanism, moreover, were prepared with samples of welding procedures according to ASME code, sec. IX as well, using the technique of thermal spraying to analyze the performance of these materials produced in laboratories, and compares them with the solder used in the plant. It was observed that the bodies-of-proof prepared by the procedure described as welding, and the thermal spraying the results of losing weight have been minimized significantly compared to the preparations in the plant. This is because the use of techniques more appropriate and more controlled conditions of the parameters of welding. As for the thermal spraying, this technique has presented a satisfactory result, but requires the use of these coatings in the best condition for real affirmation of the results

Análise e avaliação dos elementos de penetração no solo de equipamentos rodoviários após revestimento

The main objective is to analyze the abrasive wear resistance to the low stress of the elements that make up the organs of road machinery that are exposed directly to contact with abrasives. These samples were analyzed after these elements are coated superficially by the process of welding electrode coated with (SAER) and the manual process of coating type LVOF thermal spraying. As well, is to provide suggestions for a better recovery and return of these elements, which are reducing costs and avoiding downtime in the fronts of service. The samples were made from a substrate of carbon ABNT 1045 tempered steel, following the same specifications and composition of metals and alloys of constituents was followed the standard governing the dimensions of these samples and in accordance with the corresponding size. The results were evaluated by testing the hardness, abrasion resistance to wear by the low stress and the loss of volume involving the microstructure of coatings analyzed

Desenvolvimento de tubulação em compósito polimérico revestida externamente com poliuretano de alta densidade

Pipelines for the transport of crude oil from the production wells to the collecting stations are named production lines . These pipes are subjected to chemical and electrochemical corrosion according to the environment and the type of petroleum transported. Some of these lines, depending upon the composition of the fluid produced, may leak within less than one year of operation due to internal corrosion. This work aims at the development of composite pipes with an external protecting layer of high density polyurethane for use in production lines of onshore oil wells, meeting operational requirements. The pipes were manufactured using glass fibers, epoxy resin, polyester resin, quartz sand and high density polyurethane. The pipes were produced by filament winding with the deposition of high density polyurethane on the external surface and threaded ends (API 15 HR/PM-VII). Three types of pipes were manufactured: glass/epoxy, glass/epoxy with an external polyurethane layer and glass/epoxy with an intermediate layer of glass fiber, polyester, sand and with an external polyurethane layer. The three samples were characterized by Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) and for the determination of constituent content. In addition, the following tests were conducted: hydrostatic test, instant rupture, shorttime failure pressure, Gardner impact, transverse stiffness and axial tension. Field tests were conducted in Mossoró RN (BRAZIL), where 1,677 meters of piping were used. The tests results of the three types of pipes were compared in two events: after two months from manufacturing of the samples and after nine months of field application. The results indicate that the glass/epoxy pipes with an intermediate layer of fiber glass composite, polyester e sand and with an external layer of high density polyurethane showed superior properties as compared to the other two and met the requirements of pressure class, axial tensile strength, transverse stiffness, impact and environmental conditions, for onshore applications as production lines

Defenestração : deslocamento e identidade na obra de Amélie Nothomb

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Letras, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura, 2016.

Efeito da moagem de alta energia na microestrutura e nas propriedades magnéticas do compósito wc-10%p.Co

This work a studied the high energy milling effect in microstructure and magnetic properties of the WC-10wt.%Co composite. The composite powders were prepared by mechanical mixed and milled at 2 hours, 100 hours, 200 hours and 300 hours in planetary milling. After this process the composite were compacted in stainless steel die with cylindrical county of 10 mm of diameter, at pressure 200 Mpa and sintered in a resistive furnace in argon atmosphere at 1400 oC for 5 min. The sintered composite were cutted, inlaid, sandpapered, and polished. The microestrutural parameters of the composite was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy, optical microscopy, hardness, magnetic propriety and Rietveld method analyze. The results shows, with milling time increase the particle size decrease, it possibility minor temperature of sintering. The increase of milling time caused allotropic transformation in cobalt phase and cold welding between particles. The cold welding caused the formation of the particle composite. The X-ray diffraction pattern of composite powders shows the WC peaks intensity decrease with the milling time increase. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the composite sintered samples shows the other phases. The magnetic measurements detected a significant increase in the coercitive field and a decrease in the saturation magnetization with milling time increase. The increase coercitive field it was also verified with decrease grain size with milling time increase. For the composite powders the increase coercitive field it was verified with particle size reduction and saturation magnetization variation is relate with the variation of free cobalt. The Rietveld method analyze shows at milling time increase the mean crystalline size of WC, and Co-cfc phases in composite sintered sample are higher than in composite powders. The mean crystallite size of Co-hc phase in composite powders is higher than in composite sintered sample. The mean lattice strains of WC, Co-hc and Co-cfc phases in composite powders are higher than in composite sintered samples. The cells parameters of the composite powder decrease at milling time increase this effect came from the particle size reduction at milling time increase. In sintered composite the cells parameters is constant with milling time increase

Método óptimo para la obtención de plasma rico en plaquetas en el Servicio de Clínica del Dolor del CMN 20 de noviembre ISSSTE

Objetivos: Describir el método óptimo para obtener plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP). Material y métodos: Previo consentimiento informado, se obtuvieron de 36 pacientes sanos una muestra sanguínea de 15 ml distribuidos en 5 tubos estériles: uno para obtención de biometría hemática y el resto se sometieron a alguno de los 3 protocolos para obtención de plasma rico en plaquetas. Protocolo 1 (n = 21): 1200 rpm/2 ciclos/8 minutos (cada ciclo); protocolo 2 (n = 8): 1200 rpm/1 ciclo de centrifugado/8 minutos. Protocolo 3 (n = 7): 1200 rpm/1 ciclo de centrifugado/10 minutos. De las muestras obtenidas, se analizó 1 ml de plasma mediante citómetro de flujo automatizado (BD FACSCanto II) y se determinó el rendimiento plaquetario mediante la fórmula: recuento de plaquetas PRP (100)/recuento de plaquetas de sangre total. El método estadístico empleado fue medidas de tendencia central, Chi cuadrado, t de Student, análisis de varianza, prueba de Wilcoxon y probabilidad de Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: El promedio de concentración basal plaquetaria fue de 261.2 miles/mcl para los 3 métodos (p = 0.906). Después del proceso de centrifugado para protocolo 1 fue 662.3 ± 243.3 (p = 0.001); protocolo 2, 377.9 ± 101.4 (p = 0.008) y 30.9 ± 18.8 (p = 0.016) para el 3. El rendimiento fue: 255.2 ± 57.6 %; 149.3 ± 24.6 %; 13.3 ± 11.6 %, respectivamente. Conclusión: Se logró obtener PRP aplicando el primer protocolo (1200 rpm/2 ciclos/8 minutos cada ciclo). El estudio se realizó en pacientes adultos sanos, sin embargo, se tendrán que realizar estudios posteriores con una mayor población para comprobar la efectividad de este método. En caso de que la obtención plaquetaria en estudios con mayor población sea la adecuada, deberá validarse su utilidad clínica en paciente con enfermedades crónico degenerativas y se tomen en cuenta las enfermedades concomitantes.

Plan de mercadeo para la comercialización de hortalizas de orígen hidropónico cultivadas al aire libre. Caso ilustrativo: Hidroproductos del municipio de Ayutuxtepeque, departamento de San Salvador.

La presente investigación forma parte de necesidad de tener una herramienta que oriente a la gerencia en la aplicación de métodos que contribuyan a generar nuevos mercados, la producción diversificada de hortalizas para satisfacer las necesidades de las personas, con una línea de productos con mayor valor agregado. Es por ello que en el presente trabajo, se propone el diseño de un “Plan de mercadeo para la comercialización de hortalizas de origen hidropónico cultivadas al aire libre, del municipio de Ayutuxtepeque del departamento de San Salvador”; tema con que se identifica la presente investigación. Esta se realizó, tomando como caso ilustrativo a Hidroproductos, empresa dedicada al cultivo de este tipo de hortalizas cuya característica especial es que son producidas en agua, aéreas, es decir, cultivadas al aire libre en tubos de pvc donde circulan los nutrientes necesarios para el crecimiento de la planta. Para la realización del presente, se utilizó lineamientos como son: los Objetivos de la investigación, presentar un Plan de mercadeo para la comercialización de hortalizas hidropónicas, analizar los canales de distribución de estos productos con el propósito de determinar los márgenes de contribución de cada uno de los miembros que lo integran, elaborar un diagnóstico de la mezcla comercial actual, a efectos de proponer una mezcla comercial y estrategias de mercado que lleven a la empresa a tener una producción diversificada y exitosa; todo lo anterior con el objetivo de incrementar la demanda de los productos que ofrece Hidroproductos. El método que se utilizó, es el científico, específicamente el deductivo. El tipo de investigación es el descriptivo; además las fuentes primarias y secundarias, para conocer la situación actual del mercado de hortalizas fueron abordados mediante las entrevistas, encuestas y la observación directa que se hizo en las visitas de campo que se realizaron a cada una de las empresas que componen el universo los cuales gerentes, personal que laboran en hoteles, restaurantes, supermercados, así como de la opinión de amas de casa, quienes son las encargadas de velar por la salud de su familia. Una vez recopilada la información se procedió a tabularla y mediante el análisis que se realizó a través de las técnicas de Análisis F.O.D.A., ciclo de vida del producto y la mezcla de mercadotecnia se comprobó que el área de la agricultura que se dedica al cultivo de hortalizas dan un aporte a la economía, beneficiando a la comunidad y a la empresa, ya que son aceptados por los clientes por sus propiedades preventivas, beneficios y cualidades. Así mismo, Hidroproductos debe de aprovechar que las empresas competidoras investigadas no poseen el método de cultivos que ellos tienen y porque no decirlo no solo en nuestro país sino a nivel Centroamericano, es por ello que un plan promocional bien definido permitirá identificar y reforzar la preferencia de los consumidores hacia los productos 100% orgánicos libres de pesticidas y químicos que contaminen el medio ambiente. Por lo tanto se desarrolló el “Plan de comercialización” con el propósito de ayudar a solventar las deficiencias encontradas, aprovechando a la vez las fortalezas con que cuenta la empresa considerando para ello la filosofía empresarial, el establecimientos de estrategias, el desarrollo de la mezcla de mercadotecnia en cuanto a precios, producto, distribución y promoción.

Evaluación antimicrobiana de rifampicina nanoencapsulada contra aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans presente en la periodontitis

Introducción. A pesar de los esfuerzos tanto de la medicina como de la industria farmacéutica, el incremento en la prevalencia de resistencia en bacterias patógenas frente a antibióticos se ha vuelto uno de los mayores problemas en la medicina moderna. El área odontológica tampoco se encuentra exenta, siendo común el uso excesivo de antibióticos lo que contribuye al desarrollo de resistencia antimicrobiana. La primera etapa para el desarrollo de la enfermedad periodontal es la formación de un biofilm de bacterias periodontopatógenas, siendo el Aggregaribacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a) uno de los más asociados a dicha enfermedad. El tratamiento de esta patología se basa en remover mecánicamente la placa dentobacteriana y, en segunda instancia, en el apoyo de terapia antimicrobiana para coadyuvar la eliminación de las bacterias periodontopatógenas, cuales tienen gran similitud con Mycobacterium tuberculosis. La rifampicina es uno de los antibióticos efectivos contra bacterias multi-resistentes y la primera elección en el tratamiento de tuberculosis activa. Con el fin de mejorar la terapia farmacológica y evadir la resistencia del agente infectivo, se han propuesto nuevas estrategias basadas en sistemas de liberación controlada. Entre los más estudiados en los últimos 10 años se encuentran las nanopartículas poliméricas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana de la rifampicina nanoencapsulada contra el A.a presente en la periodontitis. Materiales y Métodos. Para el estudio, Se tomaron muestras de fluido crevicular en pacientes con bolsas periodontales de 5-10 mm de profundidad. Se inoculo caldo de tripticaseina de soya (TCS) con las muestras tomadas y se incubaron a 37 ° C en condiciones aeróbicas por 7 días. La presencia de Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a) fue determinado mediante PCR en tiempo real. La Concentración Mínima Inhibitoria (MIC) de rifampicina para interferir con el crecimiento de bacterias orales fue determinada mediante la técnica de dilución de tubos. Posteriormente se prepararon mediante la técnica de nanoprecipitación NP de Eudragit® EPO, L100-55 y PLA entre 100 y 200 nm y su IP con distribución de tamaño homogéneo. Resultados. A.a fue detectado en muestras de fluido crevicular en pacientes con periodontitis, corroborando su asociación con dicha patología. La efectividad de la rifampicina libre contra bacterias orales fue confirmada, obteniéndose una CMI de 1 µg/ml. Las NP con Rifampicina se ajustaron a la misma CMI que la Rif libre. Las NP de Eudragit® EPO cargadas con Rif mostraron que la liberación de la Rif de la NP fue inmediata, mientras que el Eudragit® L100-55 y PLA con Rif no mostró inhibición durante los 5 días de incubación. Esto hace suponer que el fármaco no fue liberado o solo se liberó en una baja proporción que no permitió llegar a la CMI. Conclusión. La rifampicina es una excelente alternativa terapéutica para el tratamiento de la enfermedad periodontal, promoviendo resultados favorables en la evaluación clínica de pacientes. Sería interesante continuar con estudios utilizando otro polímero o mezcla de ellos para favorecer la liberación del fármaco en la NP.

Cinemática de partículas em fluidos de viscosidade variável com o tempo e sua aplicação na construção de poços de petróleo: avaliação durante paradas operacionais

The new oil reservoirs discoveries in onshore and ultra deep water offshore fields and complex trajectories require the optimization of procedures to reduce the stops operation during the well drilling, especially because the platforms and equipment high cost, and risks which are inherent to the operation. Among the most important aspects stands out the drilling fluids project and their behavior against different situations that may occur during the process. By means of sedimentation experiments, a correlation has been validated to determe the sedimentation particles velocity in variable viscosity fluids over time, applying the correction due to effective viscosity that is a shear rate and time function. The viscosity evolution over time was obtained by carrying out rheologic tests using a fixed shear rate, small enough to not interfere in the fluid gelling process. With the sedimentation particles velocity and the fluid viscosity over time equations an iterative procedure was proposed to determine the particles displacement over time. These equations were implemented in a case study to simulate the cuttings sedimentation generated in the oil well drilling during stops operation, especially in the connections and tripping, allowing the drilling fluid project in order to maintain the cuttings in suspension, avoiding risks, such as stuck pipe and in more drastic conditions, the loss of the well

Robot acuático hidrostático espectral de rayos laser, para el control larvario de mosquitos de importancia médica en Salud Pública.

Diseñar y construir un robot acuático que destruya la presencia de larvas o pupas de mosquitos en contenedores de agua. Se construyó y se diseñó un robot con materiales reciclables construido con tubos de cañería PVC, lupa, sensores de luz y barrera, motor de fuente 110 v, resistencias, LCR, cargador 9 v y focos led, para que destruya larvas de mosquitos en un contenedor de agua. Como resultado hay una cero prevalencia de índice larvario porque el robot detecta presencia larvaria con sensores y rayos laser activándose automáticamente con el efecto de succión y destrucción larvas en su interior eliminándolas desechas al utilizar filtros de 10 micras y aspas metálicas, el robot se activa por cinco a diez minutos y se apaga automáticamente hasta esperar la alarma otra vez según disposición de larvas. Conclusión el uso del robot acuático en contenedores de agua no se encuentra índices larvarios, así como pupas, que puede ser utilizado como control antilarvario para el combate transmisor de Dengue, Zika, Chikungunya entre otros.
Design and build an aquatic robot to destroy the presence of larvae or pupae of mosquitoes in water containers. It was built and a robot with recyclables built with tubes pipe PVC, magnifier, light sensors and barrier, engine power 110 v, resistors, LCR, charger 9 vy spotlights led, to destroy mosquito larvae was designed in a container of water. As a result there is a zero prevalence Larval rate because the robot detects larval presence sensors and lasers automatically activated with the suction effect and larvae destruction their killing the inner cast off using filters of 10 microns and metal blades, the robot is activated by five to ten minutes to wait automatically turns off the alarm again available as larvae. Conclusion use water in water containers robot is not larval indices and pupae, which can be used as anti larval control for transmitter combat Dengue, Zika, Chikungunya among others.

Uso de agentes inteligentes no controle simultâneo da largura e do reforço dos cordões de solda no processo GMAW-S

Tese (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, 2016.

Preenchimento de cavidades provenientes de remoção de trinca em turbinas hidráulicas por meio do processo GMAW-P

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, 2016.

Rinossinusite crónica: papel dos biofilmes

A rinossinusite crónica é uma doença muito prevalente e possui um impacto sócio-económico importante. É definida por um conjunto de sintomas, com duração superior a doze semanas, sendo os sinais da inflamação evidenciados pela rinoscopia anterior e endoscopia nasal. Também pode ser documentada imagiologicamente pela tomografia computadorizada. A patogénese desta doença permanece desconhecida. Entre os vários fatores causais que são apontados, destaca-se o papel dos biofilmes que têm despertado cada vez mais a atenção dos autores, nos últimos anos. As infeções associadas aos biofilmes têm-se revelado refractárias ao tratamento prolongado com antibióticos. Os biofilmes têm sido implicados em várias infecções da cabeça e pescoço nomeadamente na doença dentária e periodontal, otite média colesteatomatosa, otorreia associada a tubos de timpanostomia e amigdalite crónica. Recentemente, vários autores têm comprovado a sua implicação na rinossinusite crónica. Além disso, têm sido detetadas alterações estruturais na mucosa nasossinusal, por microscopia eletrónica, em doentes com rinossinusite crónica portadores de biofilmes. Têm-se sido detetados vários níveis de gravidade desde uma desorganização ciliar até a uma ausência completa de cílios e de células goblet . Neste trabalho, os autores pretendem efetuar uma revisão da literatura, publicada na língua portuguesa e inglesa, com atualização dos conhecimentos acerca da rinossinusite crónica e o papel dos biofilmes nesta patologia

Internationalization process of TUBOFURO

The central objective of this case study was to formulate the strategy of internationalization of Tubofuro®, discriminating relevant points from its design to its implementation. This is a company located in Leiria, Ortigosa parish, which operates, among others, in the Portuguese PVC pipes industry for which currently the domestic market is clearly insufficient, given the oversupply compared to demand. Being Tubofuro® an exporting company since 2004, the work here developed specifically intended to increase sales to the foreign market, with this representing 45% of total company's business in 2018 increasing of the number of markets through new partners to enable the positioning of Tubofuro® among the main players in each market, particularly in South American markets, North African and European. To achieve the above objectives presented a case study was applied, centred on Tubofuro® company, target of the internationalization strategy. The search carried out for the formulation of the strategy has been supported on a thorough analysis of the external environment and internal characteristics of the company, for which were crossed different types of data, quantitative, qualitative, secondary data and primary data. From this work resulted the development of internationalization and international marketing plan for the next three years, whose objectives are based on entrance and consequent growth in new markets, including the market Chilean, Peruvian, Mexican, Argentine, Algerian and German, as well growth in the presence and turnover in the markets for which Tubofuro® already exports regularly, for example Spain, France, Tunisia and Morocco. Based on the production capacity of Tubofuro® company, which will not suffer any kind of investment for incrementing but only to update, it is expected that the appropriate response capacity for the company is 8 regular markets, and could eventually arise sporadic exports to other markets not interfering with the normal production capacity of the company. The suggestion of the presented markets resulted from the study of the final price based on the one that local customers purchase a product equal or similar to Tubofuro® and the number of potential existing customers in each market. The internationalization model known as Uppsala Model corresponds to the strategy adopted by the company to its internationalization process, taking into account the philosophy of senior management and the risk aversion of them. The sales team Tubofuro® demand for each market, export a full container registering customer feedback, including quality and flow capacity in the market in order to seek a partnership agreement with a local distributor, which allows the Tubofuro® go to step two above mentioned model. The partnership agreement is based on mutual commitment to technical cooperation and trade between the Tubofuro® and partner, in order to increase the performance capacity among local customers. Only if the market presents a greater demand to our supply capacity and be justified by cost / benefit ratio, the entry into this market through a joint venture or subsidiary is that the decision will be taken. Although this is a case study, which means that is adjusted to the concrete case Tubofuro® preventing generalization of findings, we believe that this work can be a useful example for other companies in the internationalization process or the methodology adopted in formulating strategy or the outputs and conclusions drawn.

Comportamento dos herbicidas propanil e clomazone em solos alagados.

Com os objetivos de avaliar a distribuição, persistência e degradação dos herbicidas no solo, na água e seu escape para outros corpos de água e avaliar os mecanismos de absorção/dessorção no solo, foi instalado um experimento de campo no Município de Pelotas no Rio Grande do Sul, utilizando-se os herbicidas propanil e clomazone na cultura de arroz alagado. O processo adotado para amostrar os produtos no solo foi aperfeiçoado, com a introdução de tubos de PVC perfurados que permitiam a ocorrência dos processos de troca no solo. Foram feitas as isotermas de adsorção para o propanil e clomazone, ajustadas por quatro modelos distintos. Fez-se também analise química dos grãos para os elementos N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Mn, Zn, determinando-se o teor de proteína bruta.Os resultados obtidos para o clomazone mostram que não houve contaminação ambiental pelo produto uma vez que nao foi detectada sua presença nas amostras de solo e agua do experimento. A ocorrência do propanil somente foi detectada nas amostras de solo coletadas com os tubos perfurados aos 30 e 120 dias após a emergência das plantas. Dos modelos de curvas de adsorção testados e comparados pelo método dos resíduos padronizados, o modelo de Freundlich foi o que melhor descreveu o comportamento dos dois produtos.