Vibration-rotation pattern in acetylene. II. Introduction of Coriolis coupling in the global model and analysis of emission spectra of hot acetylene around 3 mu m

A high temperature source has been developed and coupled to a high resolution Fourier transform spectrometer to record emission spectra of acetylene around 3 mu m up to 1455 K under Doppler limited resolution (0.015 cm(-1)). The nu(3)-ground state (GS) and nu(2)+nu(4)+nu(5)(Sigma(+)(u) and Delta(u))-GS bands and 76 related hot bands, counting e and f parities separately, are assigned using semiautomatic methods based on a global model to reproduce all related vibration-rotation states. Significantly higher J-values than previously reported are observed for 40 known substates while 37 new e or f vibrational substates, up to about 6000 cm(-1), are identified and characterized by vibration-rotation parameters. The 3 811 new or improved data resulting from the analysis are merged into the database presented by Robert et al. [Mol. Phys. 106, 2581 (2008)], now including 15 562 lines accessing vibrational states up to 8600 cm(-1). A global model, updated as compared to the one in the previous paper, allows all lines in the database to be simultaneously fitted, successfully. The updates are discussed taking into account, in particular, the systematic inclusion of Coriolis interaction.

Characterization of circumstellar carbonaceous dust analogues produced by pyrolysis of acetylene in a porous graphite reactor

Carbon particles synthesized by acetylene pyrolysis in a porous graphite reactor have been investigated. The intimate chemical and physical structures of the particles were probed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The analysis points towards a chemical structure composed of soluble low-mass aromatics surrounding small insoluble larger aromatic islands bridged by aliphatic groups. The diffraction profile indicates that the particles are mostly amorphous with small crystalline domains of not, vert, similar6.5 Å composed of a few stacked graphene layers. The properties of these particles are compared with these obtained with other types of production methods such as laser pyrolysis and combustion flames. The results are briefly discussed in the context of the evolution of infrared interstellar emitters. Possible uses of the reactor are proposed.

The ghost in the city industrial complex: Le Corbusier and the fascist theory of Urbanisme

Le Corbusier participated in an urban dialogue with the first group in France to call itself fascist: the journalist Georges Valois’s militant Faisceau des Combattants et Producteurs (1925-1927), the “Blue Shirts,” inspired by the Italian “Fasci” of Mussolini. Le Corbusier’s portrait photograph materialised on the front cover of the January 1927 issue of the Faisceau League’s newspaper Le Nouveau Siècle edited by the former anarcho-syndicalist journalist Georges Valois, its leader, who fashioned himself as the French Mussolini. Le Corbusier was described in the Revue as one of les animateurs (the “organisers”) of the Party1 – meaning a member of the technical elite who would drive the Faisceau’s plans. On 1 May 1927, the Nouveau Siècle printed a full-page feature “Le Plan Voisin” on Le Corbusier’s 1922 redesign of Paris : the architect’s single-point perspective sketch appeared below an extract lifted from the architect’s original polemic Le Centre de Paris on the pages of Le Corbusier’s second book Urbanisme published two years earlier, a treatise on urbanism.2 Three weeks later, Le Corbusier presented a slide show of his urban plans at a fascist rally for the inauguration of the Faisceau’s new headquarters on the rue du faubourg Poissonniere, thereby crystalising the architect’s hallowed status in the league...

Sound Velocity Anomaly at the Mott Transition: Application to Organic Conductors and V2O3

Close to the Mott transition, lattice degrees of freedom react to the softening of electron degrees of freedom. This results in a change of lattice spacing, a diverging compressibility, and a critical anomaly of the sound velocity. These effects are investigated within a simple model, in the framework of dynamical mean-field theory. The results compare favorably to recent experiments on the layered organic-conductor kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Cu[N(CN)(2)]Cl. We predict that effects of a similar magnitude are expected for V2O3, despite the much larger value of the elastic modulus of this material.

Lokia etsimässä : Viisi teoriaa muinaisskandinaavisen Lokin hahmosta

Loki on muinaisskandinaavisen mytologian monimutkaisimpia hahmoja. Keskiaikaiset lähteet Lokista ovat runo- ja Snorrin Edda sekä skaldirunot. Moderneja kansansanontoja on myös käytetty tutkimuksessa Lokin hahmosta, mutta osa tutkijoista vastustaa niiden käyttöä ajallisen ja usein maantieteellisen eroavaisuuden takia verrattuna keskiaikaiseen Lokiin. Analysoimalla Axel Olrikin, Hilding Celanderin, Jan de Vriesin, Georges Dumézilin sekä Anna Birgitta Roothin teorioita Lokista selvitän, minkälaiset teoreettiset lähtökohdat Lokin hahmon tutkimuksesta ovat vallinneet 1900-luvulla ja miten he ovat käyttäneet keskiaikaisia ja moderneja lähteitä. Lisäksi tarkastelen sitä, miten näiden tutkijoiden teoriat ovat vaikuttaneet uudempaan tutkimukseen Lokista. Metodinani käytän systemaattista analyysia. Olrik lähestyi Lokin hahmoa maantieteellis-historiallisen metodin kautta jaotellen myytit Lokista joko Odinn-Loki- tai Thorr-Loki-ryhmään. Hänen johtopäätöstensä perusteella Loki on lähtökohtaisesti Prometheus-tyypin hahmo, joka on ensin yhdistetty Thorriin ja myöhemmin Odinniin. Celanderin mukaan Loki on alun perin haltija, ja hän lähestyy aineistoaan Lokin nimestä tehtyjen etymologisten johtopäätösten kautta yhdistäen teoriaansa moderneja luonnonilmiöihin liittyviä sanontoja. de Vries käyttää metodinaan filologista menetelmää ja hän näkee Lokissa kulttuuriheeroksen ja tricksterin. Dumézilin näkemyksen pohjana on hänen teoriansa kolmiosaisesta indoeurooppalaisesta yhteisöstä. Dumézil vertaa Lokia kaukasuslaiseen Syrdon-hahmoon löytäen näiden väliltä useita yhtäläisyyksiä. Rooth pyrkii löytämään mahdollisimman alkuperäisen Lokin hahmon karsimalla myyteistä muualta tulleet vaikutteet. Hänen mukaansa Loki on ollut alun perin hämähäkin hahmoinen trickster, josta olisi jäänyt merkkejä kansanperinteeseen. Johtopäätöksenäni totean, että Lokin tutkimukseen ovat vaikuttaneet ainakin diffusionistinen metodi, filologinen ja strukturalistinen lähestymistapa sekä varhaisemmat 1800-luvun teoriat kuten Frazerin ja Müllerin uskontoteoriat. Keskiaikaisista lähteistä Snorrin Eddan luotettavuudesta on syntynyt eniten keskustelua, etenkin Baldr-myytin tulkinnan kannalta. Sen sijaan skaldirunojen ja runo-Eddan luotettavuutta ei ole kyseenalaistettu yhtä useasti. Modernien lähteiden luotettavuudesta tutkijat eivät ole päässeet yksimielisyyteen. Myöhempään tutkimukseen on vaikuttanut erityisesti käsitys Lokista tricksterinä. Celanderin ja Roothin etymologinen lähestymistapa on osaltaan vaikuttanut uudempaan tutkimukseen ja tulkintaan Lokista abstraktina hahmona, kuten myös de Vriesin kriittisyys moderneja lähteitä kohtaan. Dumézilin teorian vaikea soveltuvuus trickster-hahmojen tulkitaan on vähentänyt viittauksia häneen myöhemmässä Loki-tutkimuksessa eikä Olrikin maantieteellistä jaottelua näe enää uudemmassa tutkimuskirjallisuudessa. Jotkin teemat ovat jääneet vähemmälle huomiolle tutkimuksessa, kuten kenningien eli runollisten metaforien vähäinen liittyminen Lokiin sekä Lokin suhde jättiläisiin. Jatkotutkimuksen kannalta näiden teemojen syventäminen Lokin hahmon ymmärtämisessä olisi aiheellista. Lisäksi tutkimushistorian tuntemusta Lokin tutkimuksessa olisi mahdollista syventää vielä entisestään selvittämällä esimerkiksi kansallissosialistisen ilmapiirin vaikutusta mytologian tutkimuksessa.

Nucleotide sequence of the first cosmid from the Mycobacterium leprae genome project: structure and function of the Rif-Str regions

The nucleotide sequence of cosmid B1790, carrying the Rif-Str regions of the Mycobacterium leprae chromosome, has been determined. Twelve open reading frames were identified in the 36716bp sequence, representing 40% of the coding capacity. Five ribosomal proteins, two elongation factors and the β and β'subunits of RNA polymerase have been characterized and two novel genes were found. One of these encodes a member of the so-called ABC family of ATP-binding proteins while the other appears to encode an enzyme involved in repairing genomic lesions caused by free radicals. This finding may well be significant as M. leprae, an intracellular pathogen, lives within macrophages.

Link Conditions for Simplifying Meshes with Embedded Structures

Interactive visualization applications benefit from simplification techniques that generate good-quality coarse meshes from high-resolution meshes that represent the domain. These meshes often contain interesting substructures, called embedded structures, and it is desirable to preserve the topology of the embedded structures during simplification, in addition to preserving the topology of the domain. This paper describes a proof that link conditions, proposed earlier, are sufficient to ensure that edge contractions preserve the topology of the embedded structures and the domain. Excluding two specific configurations, the link conditions are also shown to be necessary for topology preservation. Repeated application of edge contraction on an extended complex produces a coarser representation of the domain and the embedded structures. An extension of the quadric error metric is used to schedule edge contractions, resulting in a good-quality coarse mesh that closely approximates the input domain and the embedded structures.

Direct Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy of Benzene Dimer

The direct infrared (IR) absorption spectrum of benzene dimer formed in a free-jet expansion was recorded in the 3.3 mu m region for the first time. This has led to the observation of the C H stretching fundamental mode nu(13) (B(1u)), which is both IR and Raman forbidden in the monomer. Moreover, the IR forbidden and Raman allowed nu(7) (E(2g)) mode has been observed as well. These two modes were found to be red-shifted along with the IR allowed nu(20) (E(1u)) mode, as previously reported by Erlekam et al. [Erlekam; Frankowski; Meijer; Gert von Helden J. Chem. Phys. 2006, 124, 171101], using ion-dip spectroscopy, contrary to the blue-shift predicted earlier by theoretical studies. The observation of the nu(13) band indicates that the symmetry is reduced in the dimer, confirming the T-shaped structure observed by Erlekam et al. Our experimental results have not provided any direct evidence for the presence of the parallel displaced geometry, the main objective of the present work, as predicted by theoretical calculations.

High-temperature kinetics of the reaction between CN and hydrocarbons using a novel high-enthalpy flow tube

More than 70 molecules of varied nature have been identified in the envelopes of carbon-rich stars through their spectral fingerprints in the microwave or far infrared regions. Many of them are carbon chain molecules and radicals, and a significant number are unique to the circumstellar medium. The determination of relevant laboratory kinetics data is critical to keep up with the development of the high spectral and spatial resolution observations and of the refinement of chemical models. Neutralneutral reactions of the CN radical with unsaturated hydrocarbons could be a dominant route in the formation of cyanopolyynes, even at low temperatures and deserve a detailed laboratory investigation. The approach we have developed aims to bridge the temperature gap between resistively heated flow tubes and shock tubes. The present kinetic measurements are obtained using a new reactor combining a high-enthalpy source with a flow tube and a pulsed laser photolysislaser-induced fluorescence system to probe the undergoing chemical reactions. The high-enthalpy flow tube has been used to measure the rate constant of the reaction of the CN radical with propane (C3H8), propene (C3H6), allene (C3H4), 1,3-butadiene (1,3-C4H6), and 1-butyne (C4H6) over a temperature range extending from 300 to 1200 K. All studied reactions of CN with unsaturated hydrocarbons are rapid, with rate coefficients greater than 10-10 cm3 center dot molecule-1 center dot s-1 and exhibit slight negative temperature dependence above room temperature. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 44: 753766, 2012

La maurofilia en la poesía épica medieval

Resumen: El hispanista francés Georges Cirot fue el primero en emplear el término “maurofilia literaria” (maurophilie littéraire) en 1938 para referirse a la representación del valor y la nobleza de los moros en la literatura española del siglo XVI. Pero como señaló Ramón Menéndez Pidal (1957, 202), ya en los siglos XIV y XV los castellanos se habían sentido atraídos por los musulmanes de Granada, por su exótica civilización, su lujo en el vestir, la espléndida ornamentación de sus edificios y su modo de cabalgar, armarse y combatir. Francisco Márquez Villanueva (1984, 117-118) indicó que aunque la literatura maurófila del siglo XVI fue elaborada bajo el signo avanzado del humanismo cristiano, cuyas características fueron “el inconformismo y la sensibilidad para toda suerte de realidades en divergencia del mundo oficial”, las raíces de la maurofilia literaria se encuentran en el viejo romancero fronterizo y morisco elaborado en el siglo XV. En su opinión, el Romancero fue la patria de la “maurofilia pura” y es donde encontramos un cuadro de referencias temáticas “hecho de toponimia y onomástica, armas, indumentaria, policromía y cabalgadas” tendiente a caracterizar al moro como un ser refinado y superior. Para María Rosa Lida (1960, 355), en cambio, la imagen caballeresca del moro se remonta a don Juan Manuel, pues en sus obras aparecen las cortes musulmanas como “centros de molicie refinada y suntuosa”. En efecto, en el Libro de los estados se afirma el valor del moro como guerrero y en el Conde Lucanor aparecen una serie de reyes moros magnánimos y discretos. Sin embargo, el árabe como personaje sabio o “ejemplar” figura ya en una de las fuentes del Conde Lucanor, la Disciplina clericalis, obra compuesta a principios del siglo XII por el judío converso Pedro Alfonso. Por otra parte, el análisis de la representación de los moros en textos épicos, Avengalvón en el Poema de mio Cid y Almanzor en la Los siete infantes de Lara, nos permite descubrir un importante e insoslayable antecedente de la maurofilia de los últimos siglos de la Edad Media

Cuatro contemporáneos pintan teología

La autora se propone observar la búsqueda de Dios en algunas expresiones del arte pictórico contemporáneo. Los pintores elegidos para el recorrido son Georges Rouault, Stephen Koek Koek, William Congdon y Santiago García Sáenz, por representar diversos contextos y vivir entre los años 1871 y 2006. Este artículo presenta la vida y la obra de cada uno de ellos y luego expone el contenido iconológico de su lenguaje. A modo de síntesis final, se comentan las perspectivas teológicas que abren estos cuatro artistas de nuestro tiempo.

El discurso en cuestión: la afirmación de la ideología señorial en el discurso jurídico castellano bajomedieval (el caso del manuscrito 431 de la BNM)

Integran este número de la revista ponencias presentadas en Studia Hispanica Medievalia VIII: Actas de las IX Jornadas Internacionales de Literatura Española Medieval, 2008, y de Homenaje al Quinto Centenario de Amadis de Gaula.

Computing abuse related damages in the case of new entry: An illustration for the Directory Enquiry Services market

A number of European countries, among which the UK and Spain, have opened up their Directory Enquiry Services (DQs, or 118AB) market to competition. We analyse the Spanish case, where both local and foreign firms challenged the incumbent as of April 2003. We argue that the incumbent had the ability to abuse its dominant position, and that it was a perfectly rational strategy. In short,the incumbent raised its rivals' costs directly by providing an inferior quality version of the (essential) input, namely the incumbent's subscribers' database. We illustrate how it is possible to quantify the effect of abuse in situation were the entrant has no previous history in the market. To do this, we use the UK experience to construct the relevant counterfactual, that is the "but for abuse" scenario. After controlling for relative prices and advertising intensity, we find that one of the foreign entrants achieved a Spanish market share of only half of what it would have been in the absence of abuse.

Lang's M, investigation, and fascism: Bataille, Benjamin, and the limits of popular genre

Eguíluz, Federico; Merino, Raquel; Olsen, Vickie; Pajares, Eterio; Santamaría, José Miguel (eds.)