Formation of chimeric DNA primer extension products by template switching onto an annealed downstream oligonucleotide.

Oligodeoxynucleotide sequences are described that anneal to a template downstream of a priming site. During polymerase-catalyzed extension of the primer, the extending primer shifts from the original template to a segment of the annealed oligonucleotide that acts as an alternative template. The resulting chimeric extended primer has one segment that is complementary to the template and a second segment that is complementary to the oligonucleotide. The influence of the sequence elements of the oligonucleotide and the reaction conditions on template switching have been explored. The sequence requirements for template switching are compared to those for transposon excision.

Switching Axial Progenitors from Producing Trunk to Tail Tissues in Vertebrate Embryos

The vertebrate body is made by progressive addition of new tissue from progenitors at the posterior embryonic end. Axial extension involves different mechanisms that produce internal organs in the trunk but not in the tail. We show that Gdf11 signaling is a major coordinator of the trunk-to-tail transition. Without Gdf11 signaling, the switch from trunk to tail is significantly delayed, and its premature activation brings the hindlimbs and cloaca next to the forelimbs, leaving extremely short trunks. Gdf11 activity includes activation of Isl1 to promote formation of the hindlimbs and cloaca-associated mesoderm as the most posterior derivatives of lateral mesoderm progenitors. Gdf11 also coordinates reallocation of bipotent neuromesodermal progenitors from the anterior primitive streak to the tail bud, in part by reducing the retinoic acid available to the progenitors. Our findings provide a perspective to understand the evolution of the vertebrate body plan.

Political Sophistication and Vote Intention Switching

This article investigates the link between political sophistication and electoral volatility. Showing that there is disagreement in the literature on whether switching party preferences is related to low or high levels of political sophistication, it is then argued that the effect of sophistication on vote switching might differ depending on when switching is measured. The effect of timing on volatility is investigated by means of the Short-term panel of the 2009 German Longitudinal Election Study. Results indicate that timing indeed matters, while sophistication increases the probability of switching parties before the campaign, the effect of political sophistication becomes more negative as Election Day draws near.

Opto-electronics switching matrix.

Vita.

Switching-mode audio amplifier /

Issued also as thesis (M.S.) University of Illinois.

Program manual for the programs ILLOD-MINSUM-CBS, ILLOD-MINSUM-CBSA, ILLOD-MINSUM-CBG, and ILLOD-MINSUM-CBGM, to derive minimal sums or irredundant disjunctive forms for switching functions /

"UILU-ENG 78 1719."

Charge analysis predictions and measurements of storage time for a switching transistor.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Illinois.

On the synthesis by integer programming of optimal NOR gate networks for four variable switching functions /

"Supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant no. NSF GJ-503."

Exposition of Tison's method to derive all prime implicants and all irredundant disjunctive forms for a given switching function /

"October 1979."

Interval generalization of switching theory,

Includes bibliographical references.

A switching theory for bilateral nets of threshold elements.

Issued also as thesis, University of Illinois.

Results of the synthesis of optimal networks of AND and OR gates for four-variable switching functions by a branch-and-bound computer program /

Bibliography: p. 39 (2d group)

Model of partial switching in polycrystalline ferromagnetics /

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1966.

Minimization of switching networks using negative functions

Bibliography: p. 46.