Design Optimisation for Compression Moulded Sheet Moulded Compounds

This paper builds on previous work to show how using holistic and iterative design optimisation tools can be used to produce a commercially viable product that reduces a costly assembly into a single moulded structure. An assembly consisting of a structural metallic support and compression moulding outer shell undergo design optimisation and analysis to remove the support from the assembly process in favour of a structural moulding. The support is analysed and a sheet moulded compound (SMC) alternative is presented, this is then combined into a manufacturable shell design which is then assessed on viability as an alternative to the original.
Alongside this a robust material selection system is implemented that removes user bias towards materials for designs. This system builds on work set out by the Cambridge Material Selector and Boothroyd and Dewhurst, while using a selection of applicable materials currently available for the compression moulding process. This material selection process has been linked into the design and analysis stage, via scripts for use in the finite element environment. This builds towards an analysis toolkit that is suggested to develop and enhance manufacturability of design studies.

Práticas de gestão do design para o subsetor nacional de cerâmica utilitária e decorativa

O campo de análise do estudo compreende o subsetor de cerâmica utilitária e decorativa (CUD) nacional. Nesse contexto, o estudo analisa o papel atual do designer e propõe novas estratégias de gestão do design, como ferramentas estratégicas potenciadoras de inovação e de valor acrescentado, para o produto e para o desenvolvimento da empresa. A pertinência da investigação justifica-se pela necessidade premente da reestruturação estratégica das empresas do setor face ao cenário da crise atual. Os dados mais recentes disponibilizados do subsetor indicam que, de 2002 para 2008, encerraram 36,6% das empresas, o número de trabalhadores reduziu-se em 36,8% e o volume de negócios decresceu 32%. Acrescenta-se ainda que, do ano de 2008 para 2012, encerraram 15% das empresas da amostra. Pretende-se com este estudo não só definir o estado atual da arte e do subsetor mas, ir mais além, procurando respostas aos problemas detetados, através de ferramentas estratégicas para a gestão do design integrado nas estratégias de imagem, comercialização e produção. O estudo compreendeu as seguintes etapas: pesquisa, análise de dados e desenvolvimento dos resultados. A etapa da pesquisa correspondeu à recolha da documentação disponível para o contexto do subsetor e da gestão do design apresentado no estado da arte; a pesquisa de campo a seleção de empresas da amostra onde se realizaram questionários (em 2008 e 2012) e entrevistas (em 2008) no universo amostra. Na análise de dados, estes foram apresentados e analisados de forma quantitativa e qualitativa (com recurso a lugares estruturais e a palavras-chave) e relacionados com o estado de arte e desenvolvimento de resultados. A última etapa, desenvolvimento dos resultados, traduz-se pela idealização e construção de ferramentas sob a perspetiva da gestão do design nas empresas: em checklists da definição do trabalho do designer e da integração do designer nas estratégias de gestão do design, aplicadas ao subsetor; na definição das estratégias vigentes na amostra; na sugestão de uma estratégia de gestão de design direcionada para o subsetor e de planos de ação concordantes com a estratégia sugerida. A novidade do estudo está presente nas propostas de ferramentas estratégicas, onde se define o trabalho do designer, enuncia estratégias de gestão do design direcionadas ao subsetor, define campos de integração do designer nessas estratégias, caracteriza-se a aplicabilidade de práticas de gestão do design e sugere-se uma estratégia e planos de ação para aplicar ao subsetor de CUD. De modo a facilitar a aplicação da investigação e da análise aqui realizada, redigiu-se um manual de estratégias de gestão do design – Cerâmica design mais – para disponibilizar e apresentar futuramente ao subsetor e a todos os interessados no tema.

Design de unidades funcionais: plataforma para o desenvolvimento novos produtos universidade-indústria

Este trabalho de investigação teve como principais objetivos, por um lado, procurar as relações existentes entre a Instituição Ensino Superior de Design (IES-D) e as empresas, por outro, configurar um modelo que permitisse criar uma plataforma de inovação para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos na IES-D num contexto globalizado. Nos últimos anos, o setor “ensino superior” na Europa e em várias partes do mundo passou por grandes mudanças, o que acentuou o ambiente competitivo entre as IES, incluindo as de Design. Neste âmbito, procurou-se demonstrar o novo posicionamento estratégico da IES-D perante o mercado, e quais as ações a desenvolver que possibilitam alcançar uma vantagem competitiva sustentável. Primeiro, considerou-se fundamental identificar a importância do design perante o ensino, a situação mundial e a mudança da cultura económica. Depois, assinalaram-se as iniciativas de promoção do design e as políticas de inovação europeias. E por fim, reuniram-se os aspetos que obrigam as IES-D a assumir novos papéis de interação com o mercado. Por análise comparativa internacional procedeu-se à seleção de uma amostra de dezoito (18) IES-D – dez europeias, quatro norte americanas e quatro asiáticas. Instituições de ensino com tipologias diversas e pertencentes a distintos contextos socioeconómicos. A caracterização da amostra através de análise estrutural permitiu identificar aspetos comuns às IES-D – ações estratégicas que servem para promover a inovação. Para explicitar a interação do sistema formado por esses elementos comuns, configurou-se um modelo concetual – Hexágono da Inovação (HI). O modelo, enquanto instrumento de análise, permite criar um padrão da inovação da IES-D e posicioná-la perante o setor - ensino superior de design. Foi também realizado um ensaio da aplicabilidade do modelo concetual HI na ESAD.cr/IPL. Através da implementação da plataforma de inovação - ESAD Design Studio - Centro de Estudos e Investigação em Design (EDS/CEID), foram ensaiadas as ações necessárias para promover o design estratégico e o design de inovação.

Structural analysis of glycans and development of microarrays from Helcobacter pylori cell surface glycome

Helicobacter pylori is a bacterial pathogen that affects more than half of the world’s population with gastro-intestinal diseases and is associated with gastric cancer. The cell surface of H. pylori is decorated with lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) composed of three distinct regions: a variable polysaccharide moiety (O-chain), a structurally conserved core oligosaccharide, and a lipid A region that anchors the LPS to the cell membrane. The O-chain of H. pylori LPS, exhibits unique oligosaccharide structures, such as Lewis (Le) antigens, similar to those present in the gastric mucosa and are involved in interactions with the host. Glucan, heptoglycan, and riban domains are present in the outer core region of some H. pylori LPSs. Amylose-like glycans and mannans are also constituents of some H. pylori strains, possibly co-expressed with LPSs. The complexity of H. pylori LPSs has hampered the establishment of accurate structure-function relationships in interactions with the host, and the design of carbohydrate-based therapeutics, such as vaccines. Carbohydrate microarrays are recent powerful and sensitive tools for studying carbohydrate antigens and, since their emergence, are providing insights into the function of carbohydrates and their involvement in pathogen-host interactions. The major goals of this thesis were the structural analysis of LPSs from H. pylori strains isolated from gastric biopsies of symptomatic Portuguese patients and the construction of a novel pathogen carbohydrate microarray of these LPSs (H. pylori LPS microarray) for interaction studies with proteins. LPSs were extracted from the cell surface of five H. pylori clinical isolates and one NCTC strain (26695) by phenol/water method, fractionated by size exclusion chromatography and analysed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The oligosaccharides released after mild acid treatment of the LPS were analysed by electrospray mass spectrometry. In addition to the conserved core oligosaccharide moieties, structural analyses revealed the presence of type-2 Lex and Ley antigens and N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) sequences, typically found in H. pylori strains. Also, the presence of O-6 linked glucose residues, particularly in LPSs from strains 2191 and NCTC 26695, pointed out to the expression of a 6-glucan. Other structural domains, namely ribans, composed of O-2 linked ribofuranose residues were observed in the LPS of most of H. pylori clinical isolates. For the LPS from strain 14382, large amounts of O-3 linked galactose units, pointing to the occurrence of a galactan, a domain recently identified in the LPS of another H. pylori strain. A particular feature to the LPSs from strains 2191 and CI-117 was the detection of large amounts of O-4 linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues, suggesting the presence of chitin-like glycans, which to our knowledge have not been described for H. pylori strains. For the construction of the H. pylori LPS microarray, the structurally analysed LPSs, as well as LPS-derived oligosaccharide fractions, prepared as neoglycolipid (NGL) probes were noncovalently immobilized onto nitrocellulosecoated glass slides. These were printed together with NGLs of selected sequence defined oligosaccharides, bacterial LPSs and polysaccharides. The H. pylori LPS microarray was probed for recognition with carbohydratebinding proteins (CBPs) of known specificity. These included Le and blood group-related monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), plant lectins, a carbohydratebinding module (CBM) and the mammalian immune receptors DC-SIGN and Dectin-1. The analysis of these CBPs provided new information that complemented the structural analyses and was valuable in the quality control of the constructed microarray. Microarray analysis revealed the occurrence of type-2 Lex and Ley, but not type-1 Lea or Leb antigens, supporting the results obtained in the structural analysis. Furthermore, the H. pylori LPSs were recognised by DC-SIGN, a mammalian lectin known to interact with this bacterium through fucosylated Le epitopes expressed in its LPSs. The -fucose-specific lectin UEA-I, showed restricted binding to probes containing type-2 blood group H sequence and to the LPSs from strains CI-117 and 14382. The presence of H-type-2, as well Htype- 1 in the LPSs from these strains, was confirmed using specific mAbs. Although H-type-1 determinant has been reported for H. pylori LPSs, this is the first report of the presence of H-type-2 determinant. Microarray analysis also revealed that plant lectins known to bind 4-linked GlcNAc chitin oligosaccharide sequences bound H. pylori LPSs. STL, which exhibited restricted and strong binding to 4GlcNAc tri- and pentasaccharides, differentially recognised the LPS from the strain CI-117. The chitin sequences recognised in the LPS could be internal, as no binding was detected to this LPS with WGA, known to be specific for nonreducing terminal of 4GlcNAc sequence. Analyses of the H. pylori LPSs by SDS-PAGE and Western blot with STL provided further evidence for the presence of these novel domains in the O-chain region of this LPS. H. pylori LPS microarray was also applied to analysis of two human sera. The first was from a case infected with H. pylori (H. pylori+ CI-5) and the second was from a non-infected control.The analysis revealed a higher IgG-reactivity towards H. pylori LPSs in the H. pylori+ serum, than the control serum. A specific IgG response was observed to the LPS isolated from the CI-5 strain, which caused the infection. The present thesis has contributed to extension of current knowledge on chemical structures of LPS from H. pylori clinical isolates. Furthermore, the H. pylori LPS microarray constructed enabled the study of interactions with host proteins and showed promise as a tool in serological studies of H. pyloriinfected individuals. Thus, it is anticipated that the use of these complementary approaches may contribute to a better understanding of the molecular complexity of the LPSs and their role in pathogenesis.

Synthesis and computer-assisted design of mitochondrial electron transport-chain inhibitors as antimalarial agents

Tese de doutoramento, Farmácia (Química Farmacêutica e Terapêutica), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2014

A mechanical design approach to testing fluid turbulence over a rough surface

Senior thesis written for Oceanography 444

Structural Diversity in Antibody Interactions with HIV-1 Env Immunogens

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2013

Design and low-power implementation of an adaptive image rejection receiver

This paper deals with and details the design and implementation of a low-power; hardware-efficient adaptive self-calibrating image rejection receiver based on blind-source-separation that alleviates the RF analog front-end impairments. Hybrid strength-reduced and re-scheduled data-flow, low-power implementation of the adaptive self-calibration algorithm is developed and its efficiency is demonstrated through simulation case studies. A behavioral and structural model is developed in Matlab as well as a low-level architectural design in VHDL providing valuable test benches for the performance measures undertaken on the detailed algorithms and structures.

Leading as designing: how educational developers in leadership and management studies can use architectural design to facilitate student learning about delivering innovation

This paper describes a qualitative observational study of how a work based learning masters leadership development programme for middle managers in health and social care in the UK introduced students to key aspects of delivering innovation, through a formative assignment on contemporary architectural design. Action learning and activity theoretical approaches were used to enable students to explore common principles of leading the delivery of innovation. Between 2001 and 2013 a total of 89 students in 7 cohorts completed the assignment. Evaluation lent support for the view that the assignment provided a powerful learning experience for many. Several students found the creativity, determination and dedication of architects, designers and structural engineers inspirational in their ability to translate a creative idea into a completed artefact, deploy resources and negotiate complex demands of stakeholders. Others expressed varying levels of self-empowerment as regards their capacity for fostering an equivalent creativity in self and others. Theoretical approaches in addition to activity theory, including Engeström’s concepts of stabilisation knowledge and possibility knowledge, are discussed to explain these differing outcomes and to clarify the challenges and opportunities for educational developers seeking to utilise cross-disciplinary, creative approaches in curriculum design.

An approach for reliability-based robust design optimisation of angle-ply composites

Variations of manufacturing process parameters and environmental aspects may affect the quality and performance of composite materials, which consequently affects their structural behaviour. Reliability-based design optimisation (RBDO) and robust design optimisation (RDO) searches for safe structural systems with minimal variability of response when subjected to uncertainties in material design parameters. An approach that simultaneously considers reliability and robustness is proposed in this paper. Depending on a given reliability index imposed on composite structures, a trade-off is established between the performance targets and robustness. Robustness is expressed in terms of the coefficient of variation of the constrained structural response weighted by its nominal value. The Pareto normed front is built and the nearest point to the origin is estimated as the best solution of the bi-objective optimisation problem.

Uncertainty propagation in inverse reliability-based design of composite structures

An approach for the analysis of uncertainty propagation in reliability-based design optimization of composite laminate structures is presented. Using the Uniform Design Method (UDM), a set of design points is generated over a domain centered on the mean reference values of the random variables. A methodology based on inverse optimal design of composite structures to achieve a specified reliability level is proposed, and the corresponding maximum load is outlined as a function of ply angle. Using the generated UDM design points as input/output patterns, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is developed based on an evolutionary learning process. Then, a Monte Carlo simulation using ANN development is performed to simulate the behavior of the critical Tsai number, structural reliability index, and their relative sensitivities as a function of the ply angle of laminates. The results are generated for uniformly distributed random variables on a domain centered on mean values. The statistical analysis of the results enables the study of the variability of the reliability index and its sensitivity relative to the ply angle. Numerical examples showing the utility of the approach for robust design of angle-ply laminates are presented.

Adherend thickness effect on the tensile fracture toughness of a structural adhesive using an optical data acquisition method

Adhesive bonding is nowadays a serious candidate to replace methods such as fastening or riveting, because of attractive mechanical properties. As a result, adhesives are being increasingly used in industries such as the automotive, aerospace and construction. Thus, it is highly important to predict the strength of bonded joints to assess the feasibility of joining during the fabrication process of components (e.g. due to complex geometries) or for repairing purposes. This work studies the tensile behaviour of adhesive joints between aluminium adherends considering different values of adherend thickness (h) and the double-cantilever beam (DCB) test. The experimental work consists of the definition of the tensile fracture toughness (GIC) for the different joint configurations. A conventional fracture characterization method was used, together with a J-integral approach, that take into account the plasticity effects occurring in the adhesive layer. An optical measurement method is used for the evaluation of crack tip opening and adherends rotation at the crack tip during the test, supported by a Matlab® sub-routine for the automated extraction of these quantities. As output of this work, a comparative evaluation between bonded systems with different values of adherend thickness is carried out and complete fracture data is provided in tension for the subsequent strength prediction of joints with identical conditions.

Computational design with flexible backbone sampling for protein remodeling and scaffolding of complex binding sites

Dissertation presented to obtain the Doutoramento (Ph.D.) degree in Biochemistry at the Instituto de Tecnologia Qu mica e Biol ogica da Universidade Nova de Lisboa

Malaria vaccine candidate: design of a multivalent subunit α-helical coiled coil poly-epitope.

A new strategy for the rapid identification of new malaria antigens based on protein structural motifs was previously described. We identified and evaluated the malaria vaccine potential of fragments of several malaria antigens containing α-helical coiled coil protein motifs. By taking advantage of the relatively short size of these structural fragments, we constructed different poly-epitopes in which 3 or 4 of these segments were joined together via a non-immunogenic linker. Only peptides that are targets of human antibodies with anti-parasite in vitro biological activities were incorporated. One of the constructs, P181, was well recognized by sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of adults living in malaria-endemic areas. Affinity purified antigen-specific human antibodies and sera from P181-immunized mice recognised native proteins on malaria-infected erythrocytes in both immunofluorescence and western blot assays. In addition, specific antibodies inhibited parasite development in an antibody dependent cellular inhibition (ADCI) assay. Naturally induced antigen-specific human antibodies were at high titers and associated with clinical protection from malaria in longitudinal follow-up studies in Senegal.