Creating risk measurement model to project portfolio management in construction company

This thesis was carried out as a case study of a company YIT in order to clarify the sev-erest risks for the company and to build a method for project portfolio evaluation. The target organization creates new living environment by constructing residential buildings, business premises, infrastructure and entire areas worth for EUR 1.9 billion in the year 2013. Company has noted project portfolio management needs more information about the structure of project portfolio and possible influences of market shock situation. With interviews have been evaluated risks with biggest influence and most appropriate metrics to examine. The major risks for the company were evaluated by interviewing the executive staff. At the same time, the most appropriate risk metrics were considered. At the moment sales risk was estimated to have biggest impact on company‟s business. Therefore project port-folio evaluation model was created and three different scenarios for company‟s future were created in order to identify the scale of possible market shock situation. The created model is tested with public and descriptive figures of YIT in a one-year-long market shock and the impact on different metrics was evaluated. Study was conducted using con-structive research methodology. Results indicate that company has notable sales risk in certain sections of business portfolio.

Operatiivisen tason suorituskyvyn mallimittariston kehittäminen logistiikkapalveluyritykselle

Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli kehittää mallimittaristo logistiikkapalvelualalla toimivan yrityksen operatiivisen tason suorituskyvyn seurantaan ja toiminnanohjausta varten, päivittäisen johtamisen tueksi. Tutkimus suoritettiin pääosin toiminta-analyyttisena, yhden yrityksen empiirisenä tapaustutkimuksena. Tutkimuksen kohdeyrityksen toiminnanmittaus perustuu tällä hetkellä pääasiassa taloudellisiin mittareihin ja muutamaan kyselyyn. Toiminnanohjauksen ja – kehittämisen, päätöksenteon tueksi tarvitaan, taloudellisten mittareiden lisäksi, mittareita, joilla pystytään seuraamaan suorituskyvyn taustalla vaikuttavien tekijöiden kehittymistä. Tutkimuksen kohdeyrityksen operatiivisen tason suorituskyvyn mallimittariston suunnittelussa haluttiin varmistaa, että jatkossa mittaamisella vaikutettaisiin seuraustekijöiden lisäksi myös syytekijöihin, selkiyttää liiketoiminnan tavoitteet, operatiivisen tason näkökulmasta, ja mittaamisen tavoite. Tutkimuksessa esitelty mallimittaristo on suunniteltu, tasapainotetun mittariston viitekehyksen avulla. Mittariston näkökulmiksi valittiin: talous, sidosryhmä (asiakas), prosessi ja henkilöstö. Mittariston tuottaman tiedon tavoitteena on toiminnanohjauksen, -kehittämisen ja päätöksenteon tukeminen, kun mittaustulokset ja trendi ovat yhdessä paikassa, on tiedonhaku ja - hyödyntäminen helpompaa. Mallimittaristoa ei testattu eikä käyttöönotettu tutkimuksessa.

Suorituskyvyn mittaus ja controller toimintojen kehittäminen Venäjällä toimivassa yhteisyrityksessä

Tässä työssä tutkittiin kahden suomalaisen yrityksen omistamaa yhteisyritystä Venäjällä. Tavoitteena oli kehittää tasapainotettu mittaristo suorituskyvyn mittaukseen johtamisen tueksi. Lisäksi oli tarve parantaa materiaalinhallintaa kehittämällä controllerin työtä helpottava työkalu, sekä kehittää materiaalinhallinnan prosessia läpinäkyvämmäksi ja suoraviivaisemmaksi. Työ koostuu teoreettisesta ja empiirisestä osuudesta. Teoria koostuu raportoinnista, suorituskyvyn mittauksesta ja materiaalinhallinnan seurannasta. Työssä käytettiin laadullisia menetelmiä ja tutkimustyypiksi valikoitui toimintatutkimus. Teoreettinen aineisto on peräisin julkaisuista ja alan kirjallisuudesta. Empiirinen aineisto kerättiin pääosin haastatteluista, benchmarkkauksesta ja dokumenteista. Työn tuloksena saavutettiin päätavoite, eli kehitettiin Excel – pohjaiset työkalut suorituskyvyn mittaukseen ja materiaalinhallinnan seurantaan. Lisäksi kehitettiin kirjallinen ohjeistus näiden työkalujen käyttöön ja materiaalinhallintaprosessien suoraviivaistamiseksi. Diplomityö helpottaa yrityksen johtamista ja kontrollointia sekä sisäisesti että ulkoisesti omistajanäkökulmasta katsottuna. Venäjällä toimivan ulkomaalaisomisteisen yrityksen seuranta on haastavaa, jossa prosessien toimivuus ja läpinäkyvyys ovat olennaisessa roolissa.

Keskeiset suorituskyvyn mittarit asiantuntijaorganisaation strategialähtöisessä tulosyksikköohjauksessa

The subject of the study is a performance measurement system design of a profit center guided expert organization. Successful performance measurement system allows management to focus on the most important issues and guide the opera-tion of activities towards the objectives. The aim of this study is to examine the profit center organization´s performance measurement, what are the challenges associated with the scorecard, which issues the planning process should take into account, in the case of an expert organization. The study was conducted as a qualitative case study, for a one case study organ-ization. The study was made by interviewing personnel from top management to experts in the case organization. Balanced Scorecard as well as ready-made in-strument implementation models, that are presented in the theoretical part of the study, are being used as the design of the indicators. The target company's performance has been measured so far mainly on financial measures and there have also occasionally been measured employee satisfaction and customer satisfaction. The design of the indicators focused on non-economic, and mainly in the organization´s internal performance measurement. Learning and growth, client and processes were elected as the specific perspectives. The or-ganization's vision and strategy were the basis of the perspectives and the suc-cess factors. The thesis ends on selected indicator proposals derived from the success factors and on proposal for further actions for the case organization. Goal-setting, communication and staff commitment rose as matters should be taken into account in the design process. The results of the empirical study are consistent with the theory.

Les dimensions négligées de l'évaluation de la performance : les valeurs et la qualité de vie au travail

L’objet de cette thèse est l’élaboration d’un modèle logique de mesure du maintien des valeurs, ainsi que son opérationnalisation afin d’entreprendre l’évaluation de la performance des systèmes de santé. Le maintien des valeurs est l’une des quatre fonctions de la théorie de l’action sociale de T.Parsons permettant d’analyser les systèmes d’action. Les autres fonctions sont l’adaptation, la production et l’atteinte des buts. Cette théorie est la base du modèle EGIPSS (évaluation globale et intégrée de la performance des systèmes de santé), dans lequel cette thèse s’insère. La fonction étudiée correspond, dans l’oeuvre de T.Parsons, au sous-système culturel. Elle renvoie à l’intangible, soit à l’univers symbolique par lequel l’action prend son sens et les fonctions du système s’articulent. Le modèle logique de mesure du maintien des valeurs est structuré autour de deux concepts principaux, les valeurs individuelles et organisationnelles et la qualité de vie au travail. À travers les valeurs individuelles et organisationnelles, nous mesurons la hiérarchie et l’intensité des valeurs, ainsi que le niveau de concordance interindividuelle et le degré de congruence entre les valeurs individuelles et organisationnelles. La qualité de vie au travail est composée de plusieurs concepts permettant d’analyser et d’évaluer l’environnement de travail, le climat organisationnel, la satisfaction au travail, les réactions comportementales et l’état de santé des employés. La mesure de ces différents aspects a donné lieu à la conception de trois questionnaires et de trente indicateurs. Ma thèse présente, donc, chacun des concepts sélectionnés et leurs articulations, ainsi que les outils de mesure qui ont été construits afin d’évaluer la dimension du maintien des valeurs. Enfin, nous exposons un exemple d’opérationnalisation de ce modèle de mesure appliqué à deux hôpitaux dans la province du Mato Grosso du Sud au Brésil. Cette thèse se conclut par une réflexion sur l’utilisation de l’évaluation comme outil de gestion soutenant l’amélioration de la performance et l’imputabilité. Ce projet comportait un double enjeu. Tout d’abord, la conceptualisation de la dimension du maintien des valeurs à partir d’une littérature abondante, mais manquant d’intégration théorique, puis la création d’outils de mesure permettant de saisir autant les aspects objectifs que subjectifs des valeurs et de la qualité de vie au travail. En effet, on trouve dans la littérature de nombreuses disciplines et de multiples courants théoriques tels que la psychologie industrielle et organisationnelle, la sociologie, les sciences infirmières, les théories sur le comportement organisationnel, la théorie des organisations, qui ont conçu des modèles pour analyser et comprendre les perceptions, les attitudes et les comportements humains dans les organisations. Ainsi, l’intérêt scientifique de ce projet découle de la création d’un modèle dynamique et intégrateur offrant une synthèse des différents champs théoriques abordant la question de l’interaction entre les perceptions individuelles et collectives au travail, les conditions objectives de travail et leurs influences sur les attitudes et les comportements au travail. D’autre part, ce projet revêt un intérêt opérationnel puisqu’il vise à fournir aux décideurs du système de santé des connaissances et données concernant un aspect de la performance fortement négligé par la plupart des modèles internationaux d’évaluation de la performance.

Implanter et pérenniser un système de gestion de la performance des services infirmiers

Travail dirigé présenté à la Faculté des sciences infirmières en vue de l’obtention du grade de Maître ès sciences (M.Sc.) en sciences infirmières option administration en sciences infirmières

Behavioural Competency Management with special reference to Commercial Banks headquartered in Kerala

This study aims to analyze, compare and contrast the behavioral competency of officials in commercial banks headquartered in Kerala. This is done by analyzing the soft skills/behavioral skills possessed by an individual employee in both clerical and managerial levels and the means adopted to enhance their said skills in near future. The study was conducted with the objective of analyzing the behavioral competency of the managers and clerical staff in the commercial banks headquartered in Kerala. The researcher has gone through the available literature with respect to employee competency, job satisfaction and employee performance evaluation to formulate the problem and conceptualize the framework of the study. The study concluded that the competency of the employees differs from one bank to the other but strengthening the employees’ competency is the only possible solution by which the banks can determine their future growth prospects. Only through competency, banks can achieve high level of performance especially under the globalised situation.

Análisis de los conceptos de la cadena de suministro y su relación con el desempeño organizacional

En el contexto de globalización, cambio y entornos más agresivos para las organizaciones, se hace necesario conocer el impacto de la administración de la cadena de suministro en el desempeño organizacional y cómo el fortalecimiento de la cadena permite a las organizaciones mantenerse en el mercado (Jacoby, 2009). Esta tendencia aplica para las organizaciones en todo el mundo, en el caso de las organizaciones Colombianas se requiere un trabajo académico donde se haga un análisis de los impactos de las cadenas de suministro en el desempeño organizacional (Ministerio de Transporte, Ministerio de Comercio, DIAN, & DNP, 2008). Una muestra de lo anterior es el hecho de que Colombia se encuentra en el puesto 97 en el ranking de desempeño logístico hecho por el Banco Mundial en 2014 (Banco Mundial, 2014). Esto demuestra la necesidad de mejorar los procesos logísticos en el país mediante el fortalecimiento de las cadenas de suministros, permitiendo una mayor eficiencia y capacidad de respuesta ante las demandas globales de los diferentes mercados en un entorno cambiante y agresivo. Por lo anterior se debe comprender y dimensionar el potencial impacto que tenga el desempeño organizacional y la correcta gestión de la cadena de suministros en el contexto Colombiano. Por consiguiente a través de una exhaustiva revisión literaria se buscaran los puntos de convergencia entre el desempeño organizacional y la cadena de suministros, haciendo uso del modelo Balance Score Card para analizar desde las perspectivas financiera, clientes, procesos internos e innovación y aprendizaje de las organizaciones, las actividades que involucran las cadena de suministro: aprovisionamiento, producción y distribución.

The conditional performance of UK property funds

The evaluation of investment fund performance has been one of the main developments of modern portfolio theory. Most studies employ the technique developed by Jensen (1968) that compares a particular fund's returns to a benchmark portfolio of equal risk. However, the standard measures of fund manager performance are known to suffer from a number of problems in practice. In particular previous studies implicitly assume that the risk level of the portfolio is stationary through the evaluation period. That is unconditional measures of performance do not account for the fact that risk and expected returns may vary with the state of the economy. Therefore many of the problems encountered in previous performance studies reflect the inability of traditional measures to handle the dynamic behaviour of returns. As a consequence Ferson and Schadt (1996) suggest an approach to performance evaluation called conditional performance evaluation which is designed to address this problem. This paper utilises such a conditional measure of performance on a sample of 27 UK property funds, over the period 1987-1998. The results of which suggest that once the time varying nature of the funds beta is corrected for, by the addition of the market indicators, the average fund performance show an improvement over that of the traditional methods of analysis.

Electrical Evaluation of a Low Concentrating PVT Collector Based on Performance Ratio

Photovoltaic Thermal/Hybrid collectors are an emerging technology that combines PV and solar thermal collectors by producing heat and electricity simultaneously. In this paper, the electrical performance evaluation of a low concentrating PVT collector was done through two testing parts: power comparison and performance ratio testing. For the performance ratio testing, it is required to identify and measure the factors affecting the performance ratio on a low concentrating PVT collector. Factors such as PV cell configuration, collector acceptance angle, flow rate, tracking the sun, temperature dependence and diffuse to irradiance ratio. Solarus low concentrating PVT collector V12 was tested at Dalarna University in Sweden using the electrical equipment at the solar laboratory. The PV testing has showed differences between the two receivers. Back2 was producing 1.8 energy output more than Back1 throughout the day. Front1 and Front2 were almost the same output performance. Performance tests showed that the cell configuration for Receiver2 with cells grouping (6- 32-32-6) has proved to have a better performance ratio when to it comes to minimizing the shading effect leading to more output power throughout the day because of lowering the mismatch losses. Different factors were measured and presented in this thesis in chapter 5. With the current design, it has been obtained a peak power at STC of 107W per receiver. The solar cells have an electrical efficiency of approximately 19% while the maximum measured electrical efficiency for the collector was approximately 18 % per active cell area, in addition to a temperature coefficient of -0.53%/ ˚C. Finally a recommendation was done to help Solarus AB to know how much the electrical performance is affected during variable ambient condition and be able to use the results for analyzing and introducing new modification if needed.

Gestão pelas competências em ONGs como alternativa de gestão social: pesquisa-ação no Instituto Bola Pra Frente

A pesquisa propõe a construção de um modelo de gestão pelas competências em uma organização não-governamental a partir da metodologia de pesquisa-ação e de uma abordagem baseada na gestão social. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2005, no Instituto Bola Pra Frente, e está ancorada em um modelo de gestão participativa, contemplando uma reflexão crítica a respeito dos modelos de gestão adotados no terceiro setor, especialmente nas ONGs. Busca-se apresentar uma antítese para os conceitos de gestão estratégica adotados no segundo setor, que possuem uma base utilitarista e não contemplam o mundo intersubjetivo e as experiências e vivências anteriores das pessoas que atuam nas organizações deste setor. Para contextualizar a formação do terceiro setor e das ONGs, o referencial prático é precedido de uma breve retrospectiva histórica a respeito da atuação do Estado na promoção da cidadania e das principais características do terceiro setor e das ONGs.

Transformação tecnológica e estratégia competitiva: um estudo multicaso

O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é investigar como a inovação tecnológica ajuda a moldar estratégias, para obtenção de vantagens competitivas sustentáveis, em um contexto de globalização. Com base em extensa revisão bibliográfica, compreendendo competitividade, tecnologia, estratégia e alianças estratégicas é explorado o fenômeno da inovação tecnológica e sua inserção na gestão estratégica de quatro empresas dos setores de celulose, siderurgia, químico-farmacêutico e de aplicações médicas da energia nuclear. Inicialmente, o conceito de competitividade e a estrutura industrial brasileira são analisados a luz de três modelos distintos. Também é realizada uma avaliação do conceito de competências essenciais das organizações e arquiteturas estratégicas. Posteriormente é avaliada a relação entre vantagem competitiva e inovação tecnológica e as dimensões estratégicas da tecnologia. Finalmente são descritas as escolas de pensamento estratégico e as relações entre alianças estratégicas e transferência de tecnologia. São analisadas as características estruturais e competitivas de cada um dos setores estudados, bem como apresentados perfis das empresas representantes de cada setor. Os dados de cada uma das empresas foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Os resultados são analisados individualmente e posteriormente consolidados. Os resultados do estudo permitiram identificar que a variável tecnológica é inserida na gestão estratégica das empresas em três níveis distintos. O primeiro nível é o de análise; o segundo é o de decisões estratégicas e finalmente o terceiro nível é o de implementação estratégica. Também foram identificadas as fontes de tecnologia normalmente utilizadas pelas organizações objeto do estudo. Por fim, é sugerido que o modelo de estrutura industrial de Porter pode receber contribuições no sentido de incorporar as estratégias cooperativas das empresas por meio de indicadores de cooperatividade.

Desafios na economia do conhecimento - o caso do BNDES

Land, capital and work dictated the organizations¿ success in the industrial era. Added to these factors, the intangible assets are considered the key complement to determine business¿ sustainability in the knowledge era. The globalization creates a new dynamic in the markets and the knowledge management becomes focal point to the organizations. It becomes more common the incorporation of inter-organizational nets to improve business, in a strategy win-win where the tacit knowledge, noncodified, which is shared. More specifically, the innovation management, one of the intangible assets aspects, plays an important role in the Federal Government agenda, through the PDP and other market players. BNDES made significant progress to assist companies¿ demands in the knowledge era, among them: the adoption of the Intangible Assets BSC methodology to evaluate companies¿ credit risk and the partnership with Brightom University (UK) to train innovation management to companies¿ managers. Besides the initial steps, what are the challenges that BNDES will face from now on? In the bibliographic review, it is analyzed the competitive factors in the knowledge era, the evolution of the intangible assets concept, the consolidation of the networking as business strategy, evaluation its advantages and disadvantages, some innovation definitions and its management through the identification of the development level of the Brazilian companies¿ in this aspect. After that, it is analyzed the management tool so-called Balanced Scorecard, which is fundamental to the Intangible Assets BSC. The actions already implemented by BNDES, Sebrae and FINEP focused on the subject are identified in order to evaluate the integration level among those actions. Then, it is demonstrated the relevancy of the subject not only to BNDES, but also to society. This study faces the subject by the preparation of a diagnostic from 30 actives SMEs investments from BNDESPAR portfolio, a BNDES subsidiary, adopting the BSC methodology through questionnaire. The objective is to certify if there is enough space to elaborate an action plan focused on creating value to companies considering them intangible assets and, if it is viable, how this toll can be useful and adequate to achieve such objective. The questionnaire content, answered by the training participants in the innovation management program, is also evaluated to check the suggestions of actions to maximize the expected feedback. In the conclusion, it is verified that the tool so-called Intangible Assets BSC is adequate to the management activity of the investments in PMEs from BNDESPAR portfolio and there is enough space to adopt measures focused on creation of companies¿ value, mentioning some examples and highlighting some preliminary academicals contributions to improve the tool and also suggests other steps that BNDES can adopt to optimize the actions already implemented.

Mensuração de desempenho empresarial: foco nos indicadores não-financeiros

o objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar que os indicadores de desempenho das empresas não se limitam apenas aos dados financeiros. Satisfação dos clientes, participação no mercado, processos internos, aprendizado e conhecimento - variáveis como estas geralmente refletem a situação econômica e as perspectivas de desenvolvimento da empresa melhor do que o lucro dos relatórios financeiros. A dependência em relação ao departamento de contabilidade para antever o futuro da empresa deixa a organização muito ligada no passado. Os gerentes, em quantidade crescentes, estão reformulando os sistemas de mensuração de desempenho das empresas, para acompanhar critérios não-financeiros e reforçar novas estratégias competitivas. Nesse sentido, quatro dimensões são apresentadas como essenciais para avaliar o desempenho das unidades de negócios: financeira; do cliente; dos processos internos e; do aprendizado e crescimento. A partir dos objetivos estratégicos, as metas de resultados são estabelecidas, desencadeando a sistematização de um conjunto de medidas, indicadores e ações, que ultrapassam as fronteiras dos tradicionais sistemas de avaliação de desempenho concebidos puramente com base em indicadores financeiros. Depois de apresentar um rol de medidas que podem ser implementadas num sistema de avaliação de desempenho empresarial, com base nesse novo conceito, foi desenvolvida uma aplicação prática numa empresa industrial de médio porte, fabricante de embalagens plásticas, resultando num sistema para avaliar o desempenho da empresa, com foco em indicadores nãofinanceiros. Conclui-se com a aplicação do caso prático, que o sistema de mensuração com foco em indicadores não-financeiros revela-se ser mais abrangente e profundo, antecipando-se ao planejamento das ações necessárias ao alcance das metas estabelecidas, propiciando à organização maior competitividade global.

O impacto da implantação do TPM nos indicadores de manutenção

Esta dissertação tem por objetivo desenvolver e aplicar um modelo para avaliação do impacto da implantação da Manutenção Produtiva Total (TPM) nos indicadores de desempenho relacionados à atuação da manutenção na área de pintura em uma indústria automobilística. Para o desenvolvimento do modelo de avaliação utilizaram-se alguns conceitos do Balanced Scorecard (BSC). Inicialmente é apresentada a fundamentação teórica do trabalho através da abordagem dos principais assuntos relacionados ao TPM e indicadores de desempenho. Posteriormente é desenvolvido e aplicado o modelo de avaliação, observando-se quais os resultados obtidos com a implantação do TPM. As conclusões deste trabalho indicam que a implantação do TPM foi positiva para o departamento de pintura da indústria automobilística pesquisada. Além disso, é observada a possibilidade de aplicação do modelo desenvolvido em outros ramos da indústria.