Ca(2+)-independent reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate channel activity by protein tyrosine phosphatase.

Regulation of ion channel function by intracellular processes is fundamental for controlling synaptic signaling and integration in the nervous system. Currents mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors decline during whole-cell recordings and this may be prevented by ATP. We show here that phosphorylation is necessary to maintain NMDA currents and that the decline is not dependent upon Ca2+. A protein tyrosine phosphatase or a peptide inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinase applied intracellularly caused a decrease in NMDA currents even when ATP was included. On the other hand, pretreating the neurons with a membrane-permeant tyrosine kinase inhibitor occluded the decline in NMDA currents when ATP was omitted. In inside-out patches, applying a protein tyrosine phosphatase to the cytoplasmic face of the patch caused a decrease in probability of opening of NMDA channels. Conversely, open probability was increased by a protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor. These results indicate that NMDA channel activity is reduced by a protein tyrosine phosphatase associated with the channel complex.

Latent N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the recurrent excitatory pathway between hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons: Ca(2+)-dependent activation by blocking A1 adenosine receptors.

When performed at increased external [Ca2+]/[Mg2+] ratio (2.5 mM/0.5 mM), temporary block of A1 adenosine receptors in hippocampus [by 8-cyclopentyltheophylline (CPT)] leads to a dramatic and irreversible change in the excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) evoked by Schaffer collateral/commissural (SCC) stimulation and recorded by in situ patch clamp in CA1 pyramidal neurons. The duration of the EPSC becomes stimulus dependent, increasing with increase in stimulus strength. The later occurring component of the EPSC is carried through N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-operated channels but disappears under either the NMDA antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV) or the non-NMDA antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX). These findings indicate that the late component of the SCC-evoked EPSC is polysynaptic: predominantly non-NMDA receptor-mediated SCC inputs excite CA1 neurons that recurrently excite each other by predominantly NDMA receptor-mediated synapses. These recurrent connections are normally silent but become active after CPT treatment, leading to enhancement of the late component of the EPSC. The activity of these connections is maintained for at least 2 hr after CPT removal. When all functional NMDA receptors are blocked by dizocilpine maleate (MK-801), subsequent application of CPT leads to a partial reappearance of NMDA receptor-mediated EPSCs evoked by SCC stimulation, indicating that latent NMDA receptors are recruited. Altogether, these findings indicate the existence of a powerful system of NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic contacts in SCC input to hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons and probably also in reciprocal connections between these neurons, which in the usual preparation are kept latent by activity of A1 receptors.

Encyclopédie d'histoire naturelle; ou, traité complet de cette science d'après les travaux des naturalistes les plus éminents de tous les pays et de toutes les époques: Buffon, Daubenton, Lacépède, G. Cuvier, F. Cuvier, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Latreille, De Jussieu, Brongniart, etc.

Coléoptères No.1 [1884 reprint]

Encyclopédie d'histoire naturelle; ou, traité complet de cette science d'après les travaux des naturalistes les plus éminents de tous les pays et de toutes les époques: Buffon, Daubenton, Lacépède, G. Cuvier, F. Cuvier, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Latreille, De Jussieu, Brongniart, etc.

Carnassiers No.1 & 2

"A list of the books belonging to the late Library of Harvard College that were in the hands of the Overseers, Governors, & Students of the College & escap'd the flames," ca. 1764

This list appears to be the most comprehensive in this series. Although its contents are very similar to those of the list in Folder 2, there are some discrepancies. Entries are arranged by format (folio, quarto, octavo) and include the date the book was "delivered" (loaned), the name of the individual who borrowed it, and its author, title, and volume number. Many of the books had been out of the library for decades prior to the fire, with some loaned out since as early as 1742.

Saint Petersburg, Russia, 1776 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Novoi plan stolichnago goroda i krieposti Sanktpeterburga original'noi chertezh sego plana nakhoditsia v arkhivie glavnoi Politsii, Grid: Kh. M. Rot. = Nouveau plan de la ville et de la forteresse de St. Pétersbourg, exécuté exactement d'après l'original qui se trouve dans les Archives de la Police, par C. M. Roth. It was published by C.M. Roth in 1776. Scale [ca. 1:20,000]. Covers Saint Petersburg, Russia. Map in Russian, French, and German. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the 'Pulkovo 1995 Gauss Kruger Zone 6N' coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, built-up areas and selected buildings, fortification, ground cover, and more. Includes indexes. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Palestine ancienne & moderne d'après les sources les plus authentiques

par E. Andriveau ; gravé le trait et les montagnes par Gérin, les écritures par P. Rousset, les eaux par Mme Fontaine.

Kitāb Mufarriḥ al-nafs / taṣnīf al-Imām al-ʻālim al-fāḍil Sharaf al-D��n Abī Naṣr Muḥammad ibn ʻUmar ibn Abī al-Futūḥ al-Baghd��d�� thumma al-Mārid��nī al-maʻrūf bi-Ibn al-Marah : manuscript, [ca. 1530]

The author's name appears as ابن المره in title page (f. 1r) and ابن المراه at the beginning of the book (f. 1v).

Thabat al-ʻAllāmah al-Shaykh ʻAlī ibn Aḥmad ibn Mukarram Allāh al-Ṣaʻīd�� : manuscript, [ca. 1850]

Unbound.

Kashf al-ghayn ʻammā bi-wād�� al-Shardad min dhurrīyat al-sibṭayn : manuscript, [ca. 1918]

Title not mentioned in Brockelmann, S, II, 548.

al- Fawāʻid al-zakīyah wa-al-ajwibah al-jalīyah / lil-Sayyid al-ʻAllāmah Khātimat al-muḥaqqiqīn ʻAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Sulaymān al-Muftī al-Zabīd�� : manuscript, [ca. 1918]

Bound with: Risālah / ʻĪsá ibn Muḥammad ibn Nūr.

al- Murūr bayna al-ʻalamayn ilá mufākharat al-Ḥaramayn / taʼlīf al-shaykh Nūr al-D��n Abī al-Ḥasan ʻAlī ibn Jamāl al-D��n Yūsuf al-Zarand�� al-Anṣārī al-Madanī al-Ḥanafī : manuscript ; [ca. 1567]

Bound with: Hādhihi al-qaṣīdah al-musammāh bi-Lāmīyat al-ʻajam / lil-Ṭughrāʼī.

al- Juzʼ al-thālith wa-al-arbaʻūn min Sharḥ Kitāb Sībawayh / taʼlīf al-Qāḍī Abī al-Saʻīd al-Ḥasan ibn ʻAbd Allāh al-Sīrāfī : manuscript, [ca. 979]

Written in one column, 18 lines per pages, in black ink.