Eficiência da terapia fotodinâmica em Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Antecipação da puberdade de novilhas Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) como fator econômico positivo na pecuária de corte brasileira

A idade ao primeiro parto em novilhas da raça Nelore é um importante índice a ser considerado na produtividade da pecuária de corte brasileira. Atualmente o gado Nelore é o mais difundido no Brasil, sendo considerado a principal raça de corte criada no país. O objetivo desta revisão foi comparar as informações sobre a característica reprodutiva tardia do gado Nelore com os recentes estudos sobre a antecipação da puberdade com o auxílio do manejo nutricional adequado, visando o aumento da produtividade. Foram utilizados basicamente três trabalhos, sendo um experimento realizado no Brasil, um trabalho apresentado por pesquisadores dos EUA e um artigo escrito pelo Dr. Guilherme de Paula Nogueira; além de artigos selecionados através dos seguintes descritores e boleadores: (Nelore OR Bos indicus) AND (Heifers OR Puberty) AND (Nutrition) AND (Economy). Dentre os 8 estudos obtidos, foram selecionadas 2 publicações em inglês datadas de 1991 e 2003. Mesmo a literatura sendo escassa neste assunto e em alguns aspectos contraditória, principalmente tratando-se da questão da viabilidade econômica da parição antecipada na pecuária de corte, pode-se concluir que a antecipação da puberdade depende de vários fatores tais como a genética, interação ambiental, nutrição, escore de condição corporal (ECC) e manejo. Além disso, mais pesquisas são necessárias e devem considerar a relação econômica da antecipação da puberdade em novilhas da raça Nelore dentro da bovinocultura de corte no Brasil

Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in non-outbreak skin infections

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Clonal profile, virulence and resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from sheep milk

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Fatores de virulência e infecção epitelial in vitro de biofilmes simples e mistos de Cndida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus sensível (MSSA) e resistente à meticilina (MRSA)

Pós-graduação em Reabilitação Oral - FOAR

Dynamics of biofilm formation and the interaction between candida albicans and methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and -resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical inactivation of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Water disinfection usually requires expensive chemicals or equipment. Chlorination is a common disinfection method, although it is not able to inactivate all pathogens. High concentrations of residual chlorine also cause an unpleasant taste and smell in drinking water. As an alternative, photocatalysis and photoelectrochemical treatment has a high disinfection potential in drinking water by using solid catalysts, such as titanium dioxide. Highly reactive hydroxyl radical generated during the process serves as the main oxidant, capable of inactivating a wide range of microorganisms. In this study, we proposed a novel comparison between Gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. An immobilized TiO2 film promoted higher efficiency in water disinfection processes. The treatment effectively inactivated Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacterial microorganisms in a shorter period than other alternative methods.

Investigation of biofilm production and icaA and icaD genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from heifers and cows with mastitis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Behavior of Staphylococcus aureus and autochthone microbiota in fresh sausages added of sodium nitrite and stored under refrigeration

Fresh sausages are cured meat products that may be contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus during the manufacturing procedure, which is frequently related with inadequate handling practices. The use of nitrite in meat products has proven efficacy against Clostridium botulinum, and studies indicate that bactericidal action against S. aureus depends on factors that are intrinsic and extrinsic to the product. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of nitrite concentration, and pH on S. aureus and psychrotrophic autochthone microbiota in fresh sausages stored at different times and temperatures. Fresh sausage were produced at nitrite concentrations 50, 150 and 200ppm and contaminated with S. aureus. The sausages were storage at refrigeration (7 and 12 degrees C) and the quantification of S. aureus and psychrotrophic microorganisms was carried out on days 0, 2, 4, 7, and 10. Results showed that nitrite concentrations and the temperatures used had minimal effect on the multiplication of S. amens and psychrotrophic autochthone microbiota. Final counts depended only on the length of storage: at the end of 10 days, counts were statistically similar in the different groups, showing that temperature and nitrite concentrations used did not control microbial growth effectively. It is suggested that the product should be stored below 7 degrees C or at freezing temperatures for greater microbiological stability.

Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in non-outbreak skin infections

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Evaluation of the presence of microorganisms in solid-organ preservation solution

OBJECTIVE: To assess the presence of microorganism contamination in the preservation solution for transplant organs (kidney/pancreas). Method: Between August 2007 and March 2008, 136 samples of preservation solution were studied prior to graft implantation. Variables related to the donor and to the presence of microorganisms in the preservation solution of organs were evaluated, after which the contamination was evaluated in relation to the recipient culture variable. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS: The contamination rate of the preservation solution was 27.9%. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most frequently isolated microorganism. However, highly virulent agents, such as fungi and enterobacteria, were also isolated. In univariate analysis, the variable donor antibiotic use was significantly associated to the contamination of the preservation solution. on the other hand, multivariate analysis found statistical significance in donor antibiotic use and donor's infectious complications variables. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, 27.9% of the preservation solutions of transplant organs were contaminated. Infectious diseases and non-use of antibiotics by the donor were significantly related to the presence of microorganisms in organ preservation solutions. Contamination in organ preservation solutions was not associated with infection in the recipient.

Detection of oxacillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the neonatal and pediatric units of a brazilian teaching hospital

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Genetic determinants of methicillin resistance and virulence among Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from clinical and surveillance cultures in a Brazilian teaching hospital

Aims. To quantify the presence of SCCmec types and virulence genes among Staphylococcus aureus colonizing and infecting patients from a teaching hospital. Methods. We analyzed 225 and 84 S. aureus isolates recovered from surveillance and clinical cultures, respectively. Strains were studied for the presence and type of SCCmec, as well as for several virulence genes. Univariate and multivariable analysis were performed in order to identify predictors of invasiveness (defined as isolation from clinical cultures). Results. The presence of SCCmec types III (OR, 2.19, 95% CI, 1.08-4.45) and IV (OR, 5.28 95% CI, 1.35-20.63) and of genes coding for exfoliative toxin B (etb, OR, 6.38, 95% CI, 1.48-27.46) and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (pvl, OR, 2.38, 95% CI, 1.16-4.86) was independently associated with invasiveness. Conclusions. SCCmec types III and IV and virulence genes are associated with greater invasiveness of S. aureus. Patients colonized with methicillin-resistant S. aureus, as well as with strains harboring etb or pvl, may be prone to develop invasive disease. Infection-preventing strategies should be more intensively applied to this group.

Effect of essential oils of Syzygium aromaticum and Cinnamomum zeylanicum and their major components on biofilm production in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from milk of cows with mastitis

Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary glands of cows and causes significant economic losses in dairy cattle. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the microorganisms most commonly isolated. Novel agents are required in agricultural industries to prevent the development of mastitis. The production of biofilm by Staph. aureus facilitates the adhesion of bacteria to solid surfaces and contributes to the transmission and maintenance of these bacteria. The effect of the essential oils of Syzygium aromaticum (clove; EOSA) and Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon; EOCZ) and their major components, eugenol and cinnamaldehyde, on Staph. aureus biofilm formation on different surfaces was investigated. The results showed a significant inhibition of biofilm production by EOSA on polystyrene and stainless steel surfaces (69.4 and 63.6%, respectively). However, its major component, eugenol, was less effective on polystyrene and stainless steel (52.8 and 19.6%, respectively). Both EOCZ and its major component, cinnamaldehyde, significantly reduced biofilm formation on polystyrene (74.7 and 69.6%, respectively) and on stainless steel surfaces (45.3 and 44.9%, respectively). These findings suggest that EOSA, EOCZ, and cinnamaldehyde may be considered for applications such as sanitization in the food industry.

Crystal structure of Staphylococcus aureus exfoliative toxin D-like protein: structural basis for the high specificity of exfoliative toxins

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)