Ultra-som para predição da composição e características de carcaça em bubalinos

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar características de carcaça por ultra-som de 28 bubalinos jovens Mediterrâneo terminados em confinamento e abatidos aos 450, 480, 510 e 540 kg de peso vivo (PV). Foi utilizado um equipamento de ultra-som Piemedical Scanner 200 Vet, com transdutor linear de 178 mm e 3,5 MHz, a cada intervalo de aproximadamente 28 dias, para obter a área do longíssímus dorsí (ALOU), espessura de gordura subcutânea (EGSU) entre a 12ª e 13ª costelas e a espessura de gordura na picanha (EGP8U), sob o terço superior do músculo bíceps femorís. Após atingirem os pesos de abate pré-estabelecidos, os animais foram abatidos e obteve-se o peso de carcaça quente (PCQ) e o rendimento de carcaça (RC). Após 24 horas de resfriamento, as carcaças foram seccionadas entre a 12a e 13a costelas e obtidas a área do longíssímus dorsí (ALOC), a espessura de gordura (EGSC) e a espessura de gordura sob o bíceps femorís (EGP8C) na carcaça. As correlações entre as medidas por ultra-som e na carcaça foram de 0,96 entre ALOU e ALOC, de 0,99 entre EGSU e EGSC e de 0,91 entre EGP8U e EGP8C. Equações de regressão utilizando o peso vivo (PV), ALOU, EGSU e EGP8U explicaram 95% da variação do PCQ quando a medida foi realizada imediatamente antes do abate. As equações para estimar o RC utilizando as mesmas características explicaram cerca de 32% da variação quando a medida foi realizada imediatamente antes do abate. O peso da porção comestível do corte traseiro a partir de medidas efetuadas por ultra-som e na carcaça é predito com maior magnitude que a percentagem da porção comestível. Os resultados indicam que as equações para as medidas ultra-sônicas apresentaram boa acurácia e podem ser utilizadas para estimar diferenças entre grupos de animais, mas há a necessidade de mais estudos envolvendo maior número de animais e de outros grupos genéticos de bubalinos.

Growth performance and meat quality of heifers receiving different forms of soybean oil in the rumen

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Nematode resistance to ivermectin (630 and 700 mu g/kg) in cattle from the Southeast and South of Brazil

Two high doses of ivermectin (630 mu g/kg and 700 mu g/kg) that are sold commercially in Brazil were evaluated in dose-and-slaughter trials with 144 naturally nematode-infected cattle from eight regions within the states of Minas Gerias, Sao Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. Treatment groups were based on fecal egg counts 1, 2, and 3 days before treatment; all animals studied had a minimum egg count of at least 500 eggs per gram of feces (EPG). Post-mortem analyses were conducted on day 14. The highest levels of resistance to ivermectin were found for Haemonchus placei, Cooperia punctata and Oesophagostomum radiatum; all populations of H. placei were resistant to the 630 mu g/kg dose, and 67% were resistant to 700 mu g/kg; 86% of C. punctata were resistant to the 630 mu g/kg dose, and 33% were resistant to 700 mu g/kg. A combined analysis revealed that 57% of O. radiatum were resistant to the lower dose of ivermectin. H. placei, C. punctata and O. radiatum, in order, were the nematode populations with the highest indices of resistance, whereas Trichostrongylus axei was the most susceptible to 630 and 700 mu g/kg dosages of ivermectin. The results of helminthic resistance to ivermectin for different populations of H. placei and C. punctata described in the present study support previous literature data, in which a small decrease in the average parasitic burden of C. punctata and a consequent increase of H. placei were observed in cattle from the Southeast, South and Center-West regions of Brazil. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Energy requirements for maintenance and growth of Caninde goat kids

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Ultrasonographic measurements of kidney fat thickness and Longissimus muscle area in predicting body composition of pregnant goats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Control of Salmonella Enteritidis in turkeys using organic acids and competitive exclusion product

Aim: To evaluate the use of organic acids (OAs) and competitive exclusion (CE) product administered continuously in the feed and transiently in drinking water on the control of Salmonella enterica subspecie enterica serotype Enteritidis (SE) prior to slaughter.Methods and Results: The influence of treatments were evaluated on pH, population of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae, concentration of volatile fatty acids and SE colonization in the crop and caecum. The birds were challenged with SE 24 h before being slaughtered, and then, the caeca and crop were removed and subjected to SE counts. Continuous administration of OAs reduced the population of bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family in both crop and caecum, positively influenced the butyric acid concentration and reduced SE colonization in the caecum. The diet supplemented with CE product positively influenced the quantity of LAB in the crop and caecum, elevated the butyric acid concentration and reduced both Enterobacteriaceae quantity and SE colonization in the caecum. There was no effect from administering the treatments via drinking water on the variables measured.Conclusions: Continuous supplementation in feed with OAs and CE product reduced SE colonization of the caeca.Significance and Impact of the Study: Supplementation of OAs and CE product in diet to turkeys can reduce the SE load, potentially leading to a lower contamination risk of meat during slaughter.

Finishing precocity visual score and genetic associations with growth traits in Angus beef cattle

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Influência da imunocastração (Bopriva®) no ganho de peso, características de carcaça e qualidade da carne de bovinos Nelore

The objective of this study was evaluate the effects of immunocastration on body weight gain, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Nellore beef cattle. Eighty Nellore beef cattle, with initial body weight of 357 +/- 8.63 kg, were placed in feedlots and distributed in two treatments (40 animals per treatments) as follow: one - non-vaccinated bulls and two - immunocastrated bulls (Bopriva (R), Pfizer Animal Health). The animals placed on treatment two were vaccinated in two doses, first application 30 days before they arrive on the feedlots and second on the day they arrive on feedlots. After 67 days of experimental period, was calculated the daily gain of live weight in kg/day of the 80 animals and selected 20 animals from each treatment for the slaughter and carcass evaluations, and ten from each group for the meat analyzes. The data were submitted to analysis of variance. Immunocastrated animals showed lower daily weight gain, hot carcass weight, carcass yield, pH, leg thickness, muscle depth, loin muscle area, carcass muscle percentage, shear force and moisture. However, this animals had higher concentration of lactate and cortisol blood, chest depth, fat thickness, finishing degree, a *, b * and c*, liquid loss in thawing process, myofibrillar fragmentation index and ether extract of meat when compared to non-vaccinated bulss. The immunocastration (Bopriva (R)) is an alternative for improving the quality of meat by the higher fat deposition and by the reduction of the shear force of the meat when compared to non-vaccinated bulls.

Uso de maltodextrina e prebiótico em rações de leitões desmamados

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Energy Requirements for Maintenance and Growth of Male Saanen Goat Kids

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Energy Requirements in Early Life Are Similar for Male and Female Goat Kids

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Escherichia coli O157:H7 como importante patógeno veiculado em produtos cárneos de origem bovina

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a foodborne pathogen associated with enteritis in humans, ranging from a mild to bloody diarrhea to hemolytic uremic syndrome, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and even death. Large E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks have been reported worldwide and are frequently associated with consumption of undercooked beef. Cattle are a major reservoir of the pathogen, which is found in the intestinal tract of the animal. The carcasses can be contaminated with feces during the slaughter and production process. Ground beef remains the most common vehicle. The purpose of this study was to determine the E. coli O157:H7 importance associated to human illness and productivity losses to the meat industry, as well as identifying mechanisms of contamination related to beef and strategies to improve the safety of beef products

Tratamento orgânico de resíduos de rúmen bovino

The organic wastes need to be adequately managed, in order to avoid the environmental pollution and damage to the public health. So, this work aimed to study the composting process using two methods: manual and mechanized, for the treatment of bovine ruminal waste. This residue is generated in large proportions during the bovine slaughter process, and it can lead environmental degradation and contamination, or even damage to the public health, when not treated. For the initial adjustment of the composting parameters, it was incorporated the residue of coffee husks. The manual composting system was done by the manually aerated piles, while the mechanized composting system was done in a reactor coupled to a compressor that enabled the aeration of the system. The proportions used in both systems were: 90% bovine rumen (R) and 10% coffe husks (CC); 85% bovine rumen and 15% coffe husks; 80% bovine rumen and 20% coffe husks. The parameters determined during the monitoring of the composting process were: temperature, pH, moisture, organic matter, ash, organic carbon, Kjeldahl nitrogen and C/N ratio. The results obtained during the monitoring of the piles and reactors presented similar behavior, except for the parameters Kjeldahl nitrogen and C/N ratio. When compared to the “Instrução Normativa no 25 de 23/07/2009 do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento”, the organic produced composts with the best results were: pile 2 (85% R; 15% CC) and reactors 1 (90% R; 10% CC) e 2 (85% R; 15% CC)

A influência do estresse sobre a qualidade da carne

The meat quality is evaluated by consumers according to their physical characteristics, such as color, texture, juiciness, tenderness and odor. The stress during the life of the animal and at the moment before the slaughter may be responsible for changes in the transformation of muscle into meat. Such changes may lead to the appearance of DFD (Dark, Firm and Dry) and PSE (Pale, Soft and Exudative) meats, which are poorly accepted in the market – because of their unusual aspect – and inadequate to industrial processing. Factors related to the handling, loading, transport, unloading, resting period and stunning are singled out as critical, since that, in these phases the animals are subjected to adverse situations to which they are accustomed. The aim of this study is to identify the process of ante-mortem and the slaughter itself in which the animals are subjected to stressful situations, as well as the consequences of stress on meat quality

Manejo pré-abate de bovinos

The pre-slaughter moment begins with the animal´s loading on the farm and ends up in its drain. It is a period in which the animal is under physical stress caused by hunger, thirst, fatigue, injuries, and extremes of temperature and psychological stress, due to restraint, handling, innovation and fear. Stress and inappropriate handling bring bad consequences for the final product´s quality, requiring better handling conditions, facilities and equipment. Examples of consequences of mishandling: meat with abnormal color, DFD meat (dark, firm and dry), reduced product´s shelf life, bruises and broken bones in carcasses. The operators should be trained and oriented on the basic principles of biology, behavior and management of cattle. At every step of the pre-slaughter moment, the animals should be handled calmly and quietly to avoid excitement and stress. Operators should avoid shouting, whistling or any noise since cattle have very sensitive ears and can become stressed. If the animals refuse to move, the cause of the problem should be determined