952 resultados para Signature
Resumo:
The molecular mechanics property is the foundation of many characters of proteins. Based on intramolecular hydrophobic force network, the representative family character underlying a protein’s mechanics property is described by a simple two-letter scheme. The tendency of a sequence to become a member of a protein family is scored according to this mathematical representation. Remote homologs of the WW-domain family could be easily designed using such a mechanistic signature of protein homology. Experimental validation showed that nearly all artificial homologs have the representative folding and bioactivity of their assigned family. Since the molecular mechanics property is the only consideration in this study, the results indicate its possible role in the generation of new members of a protein family during evolution.
Resumo:
Freshwater fish of the genus Apteronotus (family Gymnotidae) generate a weak, high frequency electric field (< 100 mV/cm, 0.5-10 kHz) which permeates their local environment. These nocturnal fish are acutely sensitive to perturbations in their electric field caused by other electric fish, and nearby objects whose impedance is different from the surrounding water. This thesis presents high temporal and spatial resolution maps of the electric potential and field on and near Apteronotus. The fish's electric field is a complicated and highly stable function of space and time. Its characteristics, such as spectral composition, timing, and rate of attenuation, are examined in terms of physical constraints, and their possible functional roles in electroreception.
Temporal jitter of the periodic field is less than 1 µsec. However, electrocyte activity is not globally synchronous along the fish 's electric organ. The propagation of electrocyte activation down the fish's body produces a rotation of the electric field vector in the caudal part of the fish. This may assist the fish in identifying nonsymmetrical objects, and could also confuse electrosensory predators that try to locate Apteronotus by following its fieldlines. The propagation also results in a complex spatiotemporal pattern of the EOD potential near the fish. Visualizing the potential on the same and different fish over timescales of several months suggests that it is stable and could serve as a unique signature for individual fish.
Measurements of the electric field were used to calculate the effects of simple objects on the fish's electric field. The shape of the perturbation or "electric image" on the fish's skin is relatively independent of a simple object's size, conductivity, and rostrocaudal location, and therefore could unambiguously determine object distance. The range of electrolocation may depend on both the size of objects and their rostrocaudal location. Only objects with very large dielectric constants cause appreciable phase shifts, and these are strongly dependent on the water conductivity.
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Cosmic birefringence (CB)---a rotation of photon-polarization plane in vacuum---is a generic signature of new scalar fields that could provide dark energy. Previously, WMAP observations excluded a uniform CB-rotation angle larger than a degree.
In this thesis, we develop a minimum-variance--estimator formalism for reconstructing direction-dependent rotation from full-sky CMB maps, and forecast more than an order-of-magnitude improvement in sensitivity with incoming Planck data and future satellite missions. Next, we perform the first analysis of WMAP-7 data to look for rotation-angle anisotropies and report null detection of the rotation-angle power-spectrum multipoles below L=512, constraining quadrupole amplitude of a scale-invariant power to less than one degree. We further explore the use of a cross-correlation between CMB temperature and the rotation for detecting the CB signal, for different quintessence models. We find that it may improve sensitivity in case of marginal detection, and provide an empirical handle for distinguishing details of new physics indicated by CB.
We then consider other parity-violating physics beyond standard models---in particular, a chiral inflationary-gravitational-wave background. We show that WMAP has no constraining power, while a cosmic-variance--limited experiment would be capable of detecting only a large parity violation. In case of a strong detection of EB/TB correlations, CB can be readily distinguished from chiral gravity waves.
We next adopt our CB analysis to investigate patchy screening of the CMB, driven by inhomogeneities during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). We constrain a toy model of reionization with WMAP-7 data, and show that data from Planck should start approaching interesting portions of the EoR parameter space and can be used to exclude reionization tomographies with large ionized bubbles.
In light of the upcoming data from low-frequency radio observations of the redshifted 21-cm line from the EoR, we examine probability-distribution functions (PDFs) and difference PDFs of the simulated 21-cm brightness temperature, and discuss the information that can be recovered using these statistics. We find that PDFs are insensitive to details of small-scale physics, but highly sensitive to the properties of the ionizing sources and the size of ionized bubbles.
Finally, we discuss prospects for related future investigations.
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This thesis addresses a series of topics related to the question of how people find the foreground objects from complex scenes. With both computer vision modeling, as well as psychophysical analyses, we explore the computational principles for low- and mid-level vision.
We first explore the computational methods of generating saliency maps from images and image sequences. We propose an extremely fast algorithm called Image Signature that detects the locations in the image that attract human eye gazes. With a series of experimental validations based on human behavioral data collected from various psychophysical experiments, we conclude that the Image Signature and its spatial-temporal extension, the Phase Discrepancy, are among the most accurate algorithms for saliency detection under various conditions.
In the second part, we bridge the gap between fixation prediction and salient object segmentation with two efforts. First, we propose a new dataset that contains both fixation and object segmentation information. By simultaneously presenting the two types of human data in the same dataset, we are able to analyze their intrinsic connection, as well as understanding the drawbacks of today’s “standard” but inappropriately labeled salient object segmentation dataset. Second, we also propose an algorithm of salient object segmentation. Based on our novel discoveries on the connections of fixation data and salient object segmentation data, our model significantly outperforms all existing models on all 3 datasets with large margins.
In the third part of the thesis, we discuss topics around the human factors of boundary analysis. Closely related to salient object segmentation, boundary analysis focuses on delimiting the local contours of an object. We identify the potential pitfalls of algorithm evaluation for the problem of boundary detection. Our analysis indicates that today’s popular boundary detection datasets contain significant level of noise, which may severely influence the benchmarking results. To give further insights on the labeling process, we propose a model to characterize the principles of the human factors during the labeling process.
The analyses reported in this thesis offer new perspectives to a series of interrelating issues in low- and mid-level vision. It gives warning signs to some of today’s “standard” procedures, while proposing new directions to encourage future research.
Biophysical and network mechanisms of high frequency extracellular potentials in the rat hippocampus
Resumo:
A fundamental question in neuroscience is how distributed networks of neurons communicate and coordinate dynamically and specifically. Several models propose that oscillating local networks can transiently couple to each other through phase-locked firing. Coherent local field potentials (LFP) between synaptically connected regions is often presented as evidence for such coupling. The physiological correlates of LFP signals depend on many anatomical and physiological factors, however, and how the underlying neural processes collectively generate features of different spatiotemporal scales is poorly understood. High frequency oscillations in the hippocampus, including gamma rhythms (30-100 Hz) that are organized by the theta oscillations (5-10 Hz) during active exploration and REM sleep, as well as sharp wave-ripples (SWRs, 140-200 Hz) during immobility or slow wave sleep, have each been associated with various aspects of learning and memory. Deciphering their physiology and functional consequences is crucial to understanding the operation of the hippocampal network.
We investigated the origins and coordination of high frequency LFPs in the hippocampo-entorhinal network using both biophysical models and analyses of large-scale recordings in behaving and sleeping rats. We found that the synchronization of pyramidal cell spikes substantially shapes, or even dominates, the electrical signature of SWRs in area CA1 of the hippocampus. The precise mechanisms coordinating this synchrony are still unresolved, but they appear to also affect CA1 activity during theta oscillations. The input to CA1, which often arrives in the form of gamma-frequency waves of activity from area CA3 and layer 3 of entorhinal cortex (EC3), did not strongly influence the timing of CA1 pyramidal cells. Rather, our data are more consistent with local network interactions governing pyramidal cells' spike timing during the integration of their inputs. Furthermore, the relative timing of input from EC3 and CA3 during the theta cycle matched that found in previous work to engage mechanisms for synapse modification and active dendritic processes. Our work demonstrates how local networks interact with upstream inputs to generate a coordinated hippocampal output during behavior and sleep, in the form of theta-gamma coupling and SWRs.
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We present a theoretical study of electronic states in topological insulators with impurities. Chiral edge states in 2d topological insulators and helical surface states in 3d topological insulators show a robust transport against nonmagnetic impurities. Such a nontrivial character inspired physicists to come up with applications such as spintronic devices [1], thermoelectric materials [2], photovoltaics [3], and quantum computation [4]. Not only has it provided new opportunities from a practical point of view, but its theoretical study has deepened the understanding of the topological nature of condensed matter systems. However, experimental realizations of topological insulators have been challenging. For example, a 2d topological insulator fabricated in a HeTe quantum well structure by Konig et al. [5] shows a longitudinal conductance which is not well quantized and varies with temperature. 3d topological insulators such as Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3 exhibit not only a signature of surface states, but they also show a bulk conduction [6]. The series of experiments motivated us to study the effects of impurities and coexisting bulk Fermi surface in topological insulators. We first address a single impurity problem in a topological insulator using a semiclassical approach. Then we study the conductance behavior of a disordered topological-metal strip where bulk modes are associated with the transport of edge modes via impurity scattering. We verify that the conduction through a chiral edge channel retains its topological signature, and we discovered that the transmission can be succinctly expressed in a closed form as a ratio of determinants of the bulk Green's function and impurity potentials. We further study the transport of 1d systems which can be decomposed in terms of chiral modes. Lastly, the surface impurity effect on the local density of surface states over layers into the bulk is studied between weak and strong disorder strength limits.
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O trabalho teve como escopo a caracterização geológica, em termos estruturais e estratigráficos, do sistema petrolífero responsável pela ocorrência de óleos encontrados na Formação Rio Bonito, na região carbonífera de Santa Catarina. Atualmente, especula-se que a assinatura geoquímica destes óleos relaciona-se à Formação Irati associado a um modelo não convencional de geração, vinculando a maturação térmica à intrusão de diabásio, devido a um soterramento insuficiente da rocha geradora. Como a Formação Irati encontra-se posicionada estratigraficamente acima da Formação Rio Bonito, o sistema está associado a um forte controle estrutural para o modelo de migração. A preparação de um mapa geológico integrado para a área de estudo envolvendo dados geológicos de campo, dados aeromagnetométricos e informações de furos de sondagem permitiu um entendimento mais aprofundado do arcabouço tectônico-estratigráfico da região. Seções geológicas mostraram a presença de falhas de grandes rejeitos que promoveram um sistema de Horsts e Grabens relacionados às NE-SW e secundariamente a falhas E-W, que permitiram a colocação da Formação Irati em contato lateral ou em um posicionamento abaixo da Formação Rio Bonito. A partir das seções cronoestratigráficas elaboradas foi possível reconhecer prováveis selos, trapas estratigráficos e estruturais, associados ao sistema petrolífero Irati-Rio Bonito. A análise geoquímica (isótopos e biomarcadores) dos óleos coletados na Formação Rio Bonito apontaram que os mesmos estão associadas aos folhelhos do Membro Assistência da Formação Irati, por possuírem uma razão pristano/fitano menor que 1, gamacerano, e a presença de isoprenóides pentametileicosano (i-25) e esqualano (i-30). A partir de análises geoquímicas realizadas em extratos orgânicos extraídos de folhelhos da Formação Irati intrudidos por diabásio, obteve-se valores da relação entre biomarcadores correspondentes e valores de Ro que indicam que foi alcançado o pico de geração de óleo. Contudo, não há registro na área de estudo de um soterramento suficiente que favorecesse essa situação, levando-nos, assim, a acreditar em um modelo de geração não convencional, por meio da intrusão de diabásio nas rochas geradoras. O arcabouço estrutural e os óleos estudados na região sugerem um processo migratório de sudoeste para o nordeste, ao longo de um sistema de falhas NE-SW, encontradas na região, que foram geradas anteriormente ou concomitantemente ao derrame basáltico associado à Formação Serra Geral.
Resumo:
A bacia hidrográfica do rio São Domingos constitui uma das sub-bacias do rio Muriaé pertencente ao sistema Paraíba do Sul e, tem seus limites coincidentes com os limites do município de São José de Ubá, sendo este o segundo maior produtor de tomate do estado do Rio de Janeiro, com sua principal fonte econômica baseada na agropecuária. Este tipo de atividade resulta em utilização de produtos químicos nas lavouras e juntamente a ocupação inadequada resulta em modificação das paisagens e da mata nativa, resultando em diversos tipos de impactos no ambiente. Neste estudo foram abordados os impactos relacionados a concentração de metais e sua proveniência através das assinaturas isotópicas Pb/Pb, utilizando para tal o procedimento analítico de lixiviação dos sedimentos de corrente e abertura total de rochas para a obtenção de razões isotópicas e concentrações de metais por ICP-MS. Os resultados mostraram que as contribuições nos sedimentos de corrente se dão a partir de cinco fontes compreendidos no intervalo de assinatura isotópica 206Pb/207Pb 1,1229 e 1,1949, representadas em intervalos bem definidos. Por correlação com as respectivas concentrações se observa que, preferencialmente, existe maior influência das rochas do embasamento, seguido de atividade antrópicas como a urbanização e disposição de lixo doméstico. As maiores concentrações estão associadas ao cobre, chumbo, estrôncio, níquel e zinco. Contudo todas as concentrações de metais obtidas se encontram abaixo da legislação vigente. Desta forma a contaminação antrópica é limitada a regiões de maior densidade populacional e as influências naturais predominam na área da bacia.
Resumo:
Topological superconductors are particularly interesting in light of the active ongoing experimental efforts for realizing exotic physics such as Majorana zero modes. These systems have excitations with non-Abelian exchange statistics, which provides a path towards topological quantum information processing. Intrinsic topological superconductors are quite rare in nature. However, one can engineer topological superconductivity by inducing effective p-wave pairing in materials which can be grown in the laboratory. One possibility is to induce the proximity effect in topological insulators; another is to use hybrid structures of superconductors and semiconductors.
The proposal of interfacing s-wave superconductors with quantum spin Hall systems provides a promising route to engineered topological superconductivity. Given the exciting recent progress on the fabrication side, identifying experiments that definitively expose the topological superconducting phase (and clearly distinguish it from a trivial state) raises an increasingly important problem. With this goal in mind, we proposed a detection scheme to get an unambiguous signature of topological superconductivity, even in the presence of ordinarily detrimental effects such as thermal fluctuations and quasiparticle poisoning. We considered a Josephson junction built on top of a quantum spin Hall material. This system allows the proximity effect to turn edge states in effective topological superconductors. Such a setup is promising because experimentalists have demonstrated that supercurrents indeed flow through quantum spin Hall edges. To demonstrate the topological nature of the superconducting quantum spin Hall edges, theorists have proposed examining the periodicity of Josephson currents respect to the phase across a Josephson junction. The periodicity of tunneling currents of ground states in a topological superconductor Josephson junction is double that of a conventional Josephson junction. In practice, this modification of periodicity is extremely difficult to observe because noise sources, such as quasiparticle poisoning, wash out the signature of topological superconductors. For this reason, We propose a new, relatively simple DC measurement that can compellingly reveal topological superconductivity in such quantum spin Hall/superconductor heterostructures. More specifically, We develop a general framework for capturing the junction's current-voltage characteristics as a function of applied magnetic flux. Our analysis reveals sharp signatures of topological superconductivity in the field-dependent critical current. These signatures include the presence of multiple critical currents and a non-vanishing critical current for all magnetic field strengths as a reliable identification scheme for topological superconductivity.
This system becomes more interesting as interactions between electrons are involved. By modeling edge states as a Luttinger liquid, we find conductance provides universal signatures to distinguish between normal and topological superconductors. More specifically, we use renormalization group methods to extract universal transport characteristics of superconductor/quantum spin Hall heterostructures where the native edge states serve as a lead. Interestingly, arbitrarily weak interactions induce qualitative changes in the behavior relative to the free-fermion limit, leading to a sharp dichotomy in conductance for the trivial (narrow superconductor) and topological (wide superconductor) cases. Furthermore, we find that strong interactions can in principle induce parafermion excitations at a superconductor/quantum spin Hall junction.
As we identify the existence of topological superconductor, we can take a step further. One can use topological superconductor for realizing Majorana modes by breaking time reversal symmetry. An advantage of 2D topological insulator is that networks required for braiding Majoranas along the edge channels can be obtained by adjoining 2D topological insulator to form corner junctions. Physically cutting quantum wells for this purpose, however, presents technical challenges. For this reason, I propose a more accessible means of forming networks that rely on dynamically manipulating the location of edge states inside of a single 2D topological insulator sheet. In particular, I show that edge states can effectively be dragged into the system's interior by gating a region near the edge into a metallic regime and then removing the resulting gapless carriers via proximity-induced superconductivity. This method allows one to construct rather general quasi-1D networks along which Majorana modes can be exchanged by electrostatic means.
Apart from 2D topological insulators, Majorana fermions can also be generated in other more accessible materials such as semiconductors. Following up on a suggestion by experimentalist Charlie Marcus, I proposed a novel geometry to create Majorana fermions by placing a 2D electron gas in proximity to an interdigitated superconductor-ferromagnet structure. This architecture evades several manufacturing challenges by allowing single-side fabrication and widening the class of 2D electron gas that may be used, such as the surface states of bulk semiconductors. Furthermore, it naturally allows one to trap and manipulate Majorana fermions through the application of currents. Thus, this structure may lead to the development of a circuit that enables fully electrical manipulation of topologically-protected quantum memory. To reveal these exotic Majorana zero modes, I also proposed an interference scheme to detect Majorana fermions that is broadly applicable to any 2D topological superconductor platform.
Resumo:
DNA possesses the curious ability to conduct charge longitudinally through the π-stacked base pairs that reside within the interior of the double helix. The rate of charge transport (CT) through DNA has a shallow distance dependence. DNA CT can occur over at least 34 nm, a very long molecular distance. Lastly, DNA CT is exquisitely sensitive to disruptions, such as DNA damage, that affect the dynamics of base-pair stacking. Many DNA repair and DNA-processing enzymes are being found to contain 4Fe-4S clusters. These co-factors have been found in glycosylases, helicases, helicase-nucleases, and even enzymes such as DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, and primase across the phylogeny. The role of these clusters in these enzymes has remained elusive. Generally, iron-sulfur clusters serve redox roles in nature since, formally, the cluster can exist in multiple oxidation states that can be accessed within a biological context. Taken together, these facts were used as a foundation for the hypothesis that DNA-binding proteins with 4Fe-4S clusters utilize DNA-mediated CT as a means to signal one another to scan the genome as a first step in locating the subtle damage that occurs within a sea of undamaged bases within cells.
Herein we describe a role for 4Fe-4S clusters in DNA-mediated charge transport signaling among EndoIII, MutY, and DinG, which are from distinct repair pathways in E. coli. The DinG helicase is an ATP-dependent helicase that contains a 4Fe-4S cluster. To study the DNA-bound redox properties of DinG, DNA-modified electrochemistry was used to show that the 4Fe-4S cluster of DNA-bound DinG is redox-active at cellular potentials, and shares the 80 mV vs. NHE redox potential of EndoIII and MutY. ATP hydrolysis by DinG increases the DNA-mediated redox signal observed electrochemically, likely reflecting better coupling of the 4Fe-4S cluster to DNA while DinG unwinds DNA, which could have interesting biological implications. Atomic force microscopy experiments demonstrate that DinG and EndoIII cooperate at long range using DNA charge transport to redistribute to regions of DNA damage. Genetics experiments, moreover, reveal that this DNA-mediated signaling among proteins also occurs within the cell and, remarkably, is required for cellular viability under conditions of stress. Knocking out DinG in CC104 cells leads to a decrease in MutY activity that is rescued by EndoIII D138A, but not EndoIII Y82A. DinG, thus, appears to help MutY find its substrate using DNA-mediated CT, but do MutY or EndoIII aid DinG in a similar way? The InvA strain of bacteria was used to observe DinG activity, since DinG activity is required within InvA to maintain normal growth. Silencing the gene encoding EndoIII in InvA results in a significant growth defect that is rescued by the overexpression of RNAseH, a protein that dismantles the substrate of DinG, R-loops. This establishes signaling between DinG and EndoIII. Furthermore, rescue of this growth defect by the expression of EndoIII D138A, the catalytically inactive but CT-proficient mutant of EndoIII, is also observed, but expression of EndoIII Y82A, which is CT-deficient but enzymatically active, does not rescue growth. These results provide strong evidence that DinG and EndoIII utilize DNA-mediated signaling to process DNA damage. This work thus expands the scope of DNA-mediated signaling within the cell, as it indicates that DNA-mediated signaling facilitates the activities of DNA repair enzymes across the genome, even for proteins from distinct repair pathways.
In separate work presented here, it is shown that the UvrC protein from E. coli contains a hitherto undiscovered 4Fe-4S cluster. A broad shoulder at 410 nm, characteristic of 4Fe-4S clusters, is observed in the UV-visible absorbance spectrum of UvrC. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of UvrC incubated with sodium dithionite, reveals a spectrum with the signature features of a reduced, [4Fe-4S]+1, cluster. DNA-modified electrodes were used to show that UvrC has the same DNA-bound redox potential, of ~80 mV vs. NHE, as EndoIII, DinG, and MutY. Again, this means that these proteins are capable of performing inter-protein electron transfer reactions. Does UvrC use DNA-mediated signaling to facilitate the repair of its substrates?
UvrC is part of the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway in E. coli and is the protein within the pathway that performs the chemistry required to repair bulky DNA lesions, such as cyclopyrimidine dimers, that form as a product of UV irradiation. We tested if UvrC utilizes DNA-mediated signaling to facilitate the efficient repair of UV-induced DNA damage products by helping UvrC locate DNA damage. The UV sensitivity of E. coli cells lacking DinG, a putative signaling partner of UvrC, was examined. Knocking out DinG in E. coli leads to a sensitivity of the cells to UV irradiation. A 5-10 fold reduction in the amount of cells that survive after irradiation with 90 J/m2 of UV light is observed. This is consistent with the hypothesis that UvrC and DinG are signaling partners, but is this signaling due to DNA-mediated CT? Complementing the knockout cells with EndoIII D138A, which can also serve as a DNA CT signaling partner, rescues cells lacking DinG from UV irradiation, while complementing the cells with EndoIII Y82A shows no rescue of viability. These results indicate that there is cross-talk between the NER pathway and DinG via DNA-mediated signaling. Perhaps more importantly, this work also establishes that DinG, EndoIII, MutY, and UvrC comprise a signaling network that seems to be unified by the ability of these proteins to perform long range DNA-mediated CT signaling via their 4Fe-4S clusters.
Resumo:
We study the behavior of granular materials at three length scales. At the smallest length scale, the grain-scale, we study inter-particle forces and "force chains". Inter-particle forces are the natural building blocks of constitutive laws for granular materials. Force chains are a key signature of the heterogeneity of granular systems. Despite their fundamental importance for calibrating grain-scale numerical models and elucidating constitutive laws, inter-particle forces have not been fully quantified in natural granular materials. We present a numerical force inference technique for determining inter-particle forces from experimental data and apply the technique to two-dimensional and three-dimensional systems under quasi-static and dynamic load. These experiments validate the technique and provide insight into the quasi-static and dynamic behavior of granular materials.
At a larger length scale, the mesoscale, we study the emergent frictional behavior of a collection of grains. Properties of granular materials at this intermediate scale are crucial inputs for macro-scale continuum models. We derive friction laws for granular materials at the mesoscale by applying averaging techniques to grain-scale quantities. These laws portray the nature of steady-state frictional strength as a competition between steady-state dilation and grain-scale dissipation rates. The laws also directly link the rate of dilation to the non-steady-state frictional strength.
At the macro-scale, we investigate continuum modeling techniques capable of simulating the distinct solid-like, liquid-like, and gas-like behaviors exhibited by granular materials in a single computational domain. We propose a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) approach for granular materials with a viscoplastic constitutive law. The constitutive law uses a rate-dependent and dilation-dependent friction law. We provide a theoretical basis for a dilation-dependent friction law using similar analysis to that performed at the mesoscale. We provide several qualitative and quantitative validations of the technique and discuss ongoing work aiming to couple the granular flow with gas and fluid flows.
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In Part I, the common belief that fermions lying on linear trajectories must have opposite-parity partners is shown to be false. Reggeization of a sequence of positive-parity fermion resonance is carried out in the Van Hove model. As a consequence of the absence of negative-parity states, the partial-wave amplitudes must have a fixed cut in the J plane. This fixed cut, in conjunction with the moving Regge pole, provides a new parametrization for fermion-exchange reactions, which is in qualitative agreement with the data.
In Part II, the spin structure of three particle vertices is determined from the quark model. Using these SU(6)W vertices in the Van Hove model, we derive a Reggeized scattering amplitude. In addition to Regge poles there are necessarily fixed Regge cuts in both fermion and boson exchange amplitudes. These fixed cuts are similar to those found in Part I, and may be viewed as a consequence of the absence of parity doubled quarks. The magnitudes of the pole and cut terms in an entire class of SU(6) related reactions are determined by their magnitudes in a single reaction. As an example we explain the observed presence or absence of wrong-signature nonsense dips in a class of reactions involving vector meson exchange.
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A problemática da autoria tem ganhado uma nova roupagem na contemporaneidade. Não se pode mais reconhecer o poder e a influência que o autor outrora exercia sobre suas produções artísticas, pois a sua identidade como tal se confunde com a da "pessoa real". Essa questão da identidade autoral será discutida e problematizada através da figura do duplo. O tema do duplo, tão caro à história da literatura será então empregado como elemento desconstrutor da figura do autor. Esse deixará de ser aquele que carrega consigo uma série de expectativas e juízos de valor com relação ao conjunto de suas produções, dando lugar ao um outro - o duplo -, estranho ao leitor. Assim, cabe a questão do que restará quando a marca do autor for esvaziada, quantas serão as vozes que abrirão caminho ao discurso narrativo e o que irá caracterizar a figura do autor contemporâneo. São estas as questões que impulsionaram a redação da presente dissertação. Neste trabalho será analisada a questão da autoria e da identidade a partir da figura do duplo em dois romances contemporâneos, a saber: Budapeste de Chico Buarque de Hollanda e Vom Dorf de Antje Rávic Strubel. A escolha de um romance brasileiro e de outro alemão visa explicitar que a problemática da autoria é uma questão atual e que encontra expressão em diferentes contextos literários, como o alemão e o brasileiro. A questão é complexa e encontra desdobramentos nas novas formas de comunicação e tem relação direta com o processo de globalização. Iremos fazer um recorte transversal abordando a história do desenvolvimento do duplo na literatura, suas origens, os romances nos quais se manifestam suas diferentes expressões. Em seguida adentraremos o terreno movediço da problemática da identidade sempre tendo como foco a visão diacrônica da questão e em por fim apresentaremos a constituição histórica da figura do autor e suas implicações para a crítica literária. Num outro momento verificaremos como esses elementos são expressos nos romances em questão
Resumo:
O Membro Maruim da Formação Riachuelo (Neoalbiano), na parte terrestre da Sub-bacia de Sergipe, contém fácies de água rasa compostas, principalmente, por rudstone/grainstone oncolítico oolítico, com baixo conteúdo e variedade de bioclastos. A correlação dos afloramentos e análise petrográfica detalhada, envolvendo catodoluminescência, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e estudos isotópicos e análise química elementar, permitiram a reconstrução da história diagenética do intervalo estudado. As rochas carbonáticas do Membro Maruim estão completamente afetadas por processos diagenéticos associados aos estágios eogenético, mesogenético e telogenético. A dolomitização foi um dos principais produtos diagenéticos observados no estágio eogenético e encontra-se substituindo total ou parcialmente os calcários do Membro Maruim. A dolomitização concentra-se no topo dos ciclos deposicionais descritos na área de estudo e diminuem gradativamente para a base dos mesmos. As relações entre a porosidade e a dolomitização foram estudadas com base nas comparações da fábrica cristalina da dolomita preservada nos afloramentos estudados. Os resultados isotópicos das dolomitas indicam que o processo de dolomitização ocorreu a partir do refluxo de salmouras em um ambiente ligeiramente hipersalino (penesalino). As áreas mais próximas ao contato com a salmoura, fonte dos fluidos dolomitizantes, exibem menor desenvolvimento de porosidade, uma vez que nessas regiões ocorreriam processos de superdolomitização (Pedreira Carapeba). Nestas áreas a assinatura isotópica do carbono e do oxigênio é muito positiva (o valor do δ13C varia de 2.37 a 4.83 e o valor do δ18O oscila entre 0.61 e 3.92), indicando que os processos diagenéticos tardios não teriam alterado significativamente a assinatura isotópica original. As dolomitas geradas nas áreas afastadas da salmoura (pedreiras Massapé, Inorcal I, Inorcal II, Inhumas e Santo Antônio) exibem um maior desenvolvimento de porosidade e têm uma composição isotópica de carbono e oxigênio mais negativa (o valor do δ13C varia de -5.66 a 2.61 e o valor do δ18O oscila entre -4.25 e 0.38). A assinatura isotópica das dolomitas descritas nestas pedreiras também se encontra alterada por processos de dedolomitização. Os cimentos diagenéticos precipitados durante o estágio mesogenético foram os principais responsáveis pela obliteração da porosidade primária e secundária dos calcários do Membro Maruim. Adicionalmente, estes cimentos diagenéticos tardios calcitizaram as dolomitas, fechando parcialmente a porosidade secundária das mesmas. A porosidade das rochas carbonáticas também se encontra fortemente reduzida pela compactação mecânica e química. A dissolução foi o único processo que levou à geração de porosidade secundária no estágio telogenético, porém em porcentagens muito baixas. As fácies dolomíticas são as que apresentam maior desenvolvimento de porosidade secundária, como consequência dos processos de dissolução no ambiente telogenético. A dissolução compreende um dos últimos eventos diagenéticos identificados no intervalo estudado.
Resumo:
A presente tese investiga as poéticas do trágico nas obras teatrais de Eurípides (Grécia, c. 484 406 a.C.), Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (Alemanha, 1749 1832) e Federico García Lorca (Espanha, 1898 1936) e defende que, nos três autores, as concepções estéticas do trágico se constituem principalmente sobre a representação poética do filicídio materno. A antinomia trágica engendrada, metaforicamente, no assassinato da criança pelas mãos daquela que lhe deu a vida é tema de Medeia (431 a.C.), Tragédia de Margarida (1790) e Yerma (1934), obras fundamentais para compreender a visada trágica dos três poetas aqui, em respectivo, estudados. O conflito com o sagrado e com a razão, ao apontar para a afirmação trágica do corpo e do feminino, frequenta as três obras. O paralelismo entre as dimensões política e estética é, por conseguinte, patente nos três dramas, ao mesmo tempo em que cada um dos autores, com contexto e assinatura próprios, configura uma ideia estética acerca do trágico inteiramente singular. O diálogo entre literatura e filosofia, ou entre intuição e conceito, atravessa, nesta tese, a leitura do trágico na metáfora do filicídio. Sob tal perspectiva, a Medeia de Eurípides impõe-se no centro do debate entre socráticos e sofistas, e aborda temas, como o domínio das paixões sobre a razão, que também aliciaram autores como Platão, Aristóteles e Nietzsche. A Gretchentragödie, de Goethe, apresenta-se, por sua vez, como obra poética aonde convergem as mais calorosas discussões estéticas do moderno pensamento alemão, como as questões do sublime (Kant, Schiller) e da vontade (Schopenhauer). Yerma, de García Lorca, será também uma obra de convergência filosófica, expressando a nueva manera espiritualista que marca a última fase da produção lorquiana: a perspectiva trágica de Nietzsche, na afirmação do corpo como grande razão, assim como o diálogo de Lorca com o pensamento de Miguel de Unamuno sobre El sentimiento trágico de la vida, caracteriza uma espécie de tragédia às avessas, que nega o sagrado e afirma o trágico como síntese libertária do eu, do corpo e do feminino