998 resultados para Resistência a múltiplas drogas


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OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o significado do Doppler espectral por meio da obtenção do índice de resistência vascular na diferenciação entre lesões mamárias benignas e malignas. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Dezenove lesões malignas e 18 benignas, diagnosticadas por estudo histológico, foram submetidas previamente a análise de sua vascularização por meio do Doppler espectral para se obter o índice de resistência vascular. RESULTADOS: Observou-se diferença estatisticamente significante (p < 0,001) entre os valores médios do índice de resistência para os resultados benigno e maligno (0,62x 0,80, respectivamente), em nódulos maiores que 1 cm. Um índice de resistência 0,69 foi altamente associado a lesões malignas, com sensibilidade de 84,2%, especificidade de 88,9%, taxa de falso-positivo de 11,1% e taxa de falso-negativo de 15,8%. CONCLUSÃO: A análise do índice de resistência vascular pode fornecer grande auxílio na avaliação das lesões nodulares da mama maiores que 1 cm, em conjunto com as informações obtidas por meio da escala de cinzas, com elevada sensibilidade e especificidade.

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia da sequência de ressonância magnética com três excitações, para obtenção de volumes e massas ventriculares, em indivíduos com respiração livre, sem apneia. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Em 32 voluntários sadios, foram comparados os volumes e massas do ventrículo esquerdo, obtidos por meio de duas sequências de ressonância magnética em modo cine. A primeira, tradicionalmente utilizada e considerada padrão, em apneia e com excitação única, e a segunda, em respiração livre e com três excitações. Três leitores, com diferentes níveis de experiência, testaram a concordância e a reprodutibilidade. Para a análise estatística foram utilizados o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse, o teste t-pareado, os gráficos de Bland-Altman e o teste do sinal. RESULTADOS: Para os dois observadores mais experientes, os coeficientes de correlação intraclasse foram superiores a 0,913, assim como os níveis descritivos do teste t-pareado acima de 0,05, os gráficos de Bland-Altman com as diferenças distribuídas aleatoriamente em torno do zero e o teste do sinal com seu nível descritivo superior a 0,05. CONCLUSÃO: A sequência testada apresenta ótima concordância e reprodutibilidade em relação à sequência padrão, podendo ser aplicada em indivíduos com limitações respiratórias.

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OBJETIVO: Determinar os índices de resistência (IR) e pulsatilidade (IP) nas artérias uterinas durante o primeiro e segundo trimestres de gestação. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Realizamos estudo prospectivo longitudinal em 44 mulheres normais, da 8ª a 12ª e na 22ª semanas de gestação. A dopplervelocimetria foi realizada em ambas as artérias uterinas por meio do IR e do IP. Utilizamos volume de amostra de 1 a 2 mm, filtro de 50 a 70 Hz e ângulo de insonação abaixo de 60°. RESULTADOS: O IR e o IP da artéria uterina no primeiro trimestre foram maiores da 8ª a 12ª do que na 22ª semana de gestação. O IR e o IP da artéria uterina, no primeiro trimestre, com incisura foram de 0,83 ± 0,07 e 2,32 ± 0,79, e sem incisura, de 0,71 ± 0,16 e 1,61 ± 0,78, respectivamente. No segundo trimestre, o IR e o IP da artéria uterina com incisura foram de 0,59 ± 0,09 e 1,03 ± 0,32, e sem incisura, de 0,44 ± 0,09 e 0,63 ± 0,19, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: Estabelecemos os valores de referência do IR e do IP das artérias uterinas de gestantes normais no primeiro e segundo trimestres de gestação.

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Thirty years after neo-liberalism hegemony, the states shows its incapacity for driving democratically exceptional situations like global economical crisis. In this context, it seems a particularly interesting issue to exam the popular alternatives that are growing to reject the institutional paralysis. This work take these problems since European perspective, especially this one of Spain, and its scope is justify the new forms of civil disobedience that are growing. They are analyzed not like"paradoxes" of democracy, but like necessary instruments of participative democracy into a really exceptional scenario

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Drug delivery system controls the distribution of drugs for optimal therapeutic efficacy. The complex of higly active drugs with macromolecular carriers seems to offer a promising way to optimize their delivery. Dendrimers can be used as drug delivery system and this paper addresses the effectivenes of the approach. The host-guest system improves the solubility of hydrazides and mesoionic 1,3,4-thiadiazolium-2-aminide compounds.

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The chemical durability of the Li2O-ZrO2-BaO-SiO2 system was examined by determination of the Vickers hardness. The dependence of hardness and of the chemical resistance with BaO addition was investigated. The experimental results indicate that the hardness increases with the BaO content. The samples surface's morphology submitted to the chemical treatment in acidic (H2SO4) and basic (KOH) solution was accompanied by scanning electron microscopy. The chemical durability of the materials with BaO showed better than the glass ceramic without this content. These materials treated with H2SO4 solution showed a preferential attack to the silica rich sites.

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The xerogel p-anisidinepropylsilica was obtained. This solid presents some residual paraffin and also a small fraction of high organofunctionalized material that was leached in polar solvent. The xerogel purification could be achieved by exhaustively washing with hexane and dichloromethane solvents, or submitting the xerogel to thermal treatment up to 300 ºC, in vacuum. The resulting purified xerogel material present an appreciable thermal stability and resistance to leaching by solvents.

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This article suggests a sequence of experiments on the preparation, analysis and some photochemical aspects of potassium tris (oxalato) ferrate(III) trihydrate. The sequence of experiments could be carried out in four or five 4-hour laboratory periods. The new part of this article is related to the kinetics studies involving the ambient illumination as well as the use of the cellophane paper of different colors as light filters. The aspects such as quantum yield, light absorption and photochemical reactions are explored in order to illustrate the relationships between the exposure time, light intensity and wavelength range on the photochemical reactions.

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Currently available anti-HIV drugs can be classified into three categories: nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs). In addition to the reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease reaction, various other events in the HIV replicative cycle can be considered as potential targets for chemotherapeutic intervention: (1) viral adsorption, through binding to the viral envelope glycoprotein gp120; (2) viral entry, through blockage of the viral coreceptors CXCR4 and CCR5; (3) virus-cell fusion, through binding to the viral envelope glycoprotein gp 41; (4) viral assembly and disassembly through NCp7 zinc finger-targeted agents; (5) proviral DNA integration, through integrase inhibitors and (6) viral mRNA transcription, through inhibitors of the transcription (transactivation) process. Also, various new NRTIs, NNRTIs and PIs have been developed, possessing different improved characteristics.

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The aim of this work is to present the principal properties and applications of supporting electrolytes (SE) to students, teachers and researchers interested in electrode processes. Different aspects are discussed including the importance of SE in maintaining constant the activity coefficients and the diffusion coefficients and reducing the transport number of electroactive species. Its effect on the electrochemical kinetic parameters is also presented.

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This article provides an overview on the recent achievements to combat Gram-positive bacteria and the mechanisms related to antimicrobial activity and bacterial resistance. Selected synthetic methodologies to access structurally diverse bioactive compounds are presented in order to emphasize the most important substances currently developed to overcome multiresistant strains. The main properties of vancomycin and related glycopeptide antibiotics are also discussed as a background to understanding the design of new chemotherapeutic agents.

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Thermosensitive hydrogels were synthesized using alginate-Ca2+ in association with a thermosensitive polymer, such as PNIPAAm. The mechanical properties of the hydrogels were determined measuring the maximum tension of deformation. With the increase of the temperature by 25 to 40 ºC above the LCST the chains of PNIPAAm collapsed, dragging the alginate net and diminishing the size of the pores. The decrease in the size of the pores of the hydrogel was followed by an increase in the mechanicals resistance of the material.

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Polyurethane/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocomposites have been prepared with nanotube concentrations between 0.01 wt% and 1 wt%. MWCNT as-synthesized samples with ~74 nm diameter and ~7 μm length were introduced by solution processing in the polyurethane matrix. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images demonstrated good dispersion and adhesion of the CNTs to the polymeric matrix. The C=O stretching band showed evidence of perturbation of the hydrogen interaction between urethanic moieties in the nanocomposites as compared to pure TPU. Differential scanning calorimetry and positron anihilation lifetime spectroscopy measurements allowed the detection of glass transition displacement with carbon nanotube addition. Furthermore, the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites was significantly increased with the addition of CNT.