Not all social cleavages are the same: On the relationship between religious diversity and party system fragmentation

Most studies examining the relationship between social cleavages and party system fragmentation maintain that higher levels of social diversity lead to greater party system fragmentation. However, most aggregate-level studies focus on one type of social cleavage:ethnic diversity. In order to develop a better understanding of how different cleavages impact electoral competition, this paper considers another type of social cleavage: religious diversity.Contrary to previous literature, higher levels of religious diversity provide incentives for cross-religious cooperation, which in turn reduces party system fragmentation. Using a cross national data set of elections from 1946-2011, the results show that, in contrast to most studies examining the effects of social cleavage diversity on the number of parties, higher religious diversity is associated with lower levels of party system fragmentation.

Ferroelectric Vortices and Related Configurations

This chapter discusses that the theoretical studies, using both atomistic and phenomenological approaches, have made clear predictions about the existence and behaviour of ferroelectric (FE) vortices. Effective Hamiltonians can be implemented within both Monte Carlo (MC) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In contrast to the effective Hamiltonian method, which is atomistic in nature, the phase field method employs a continuum approach, in which the polarization field is the order parameter. Properties of FE nanostructures are largely governed by the existence of a depolarization field, which is much stronger than the demagnetization field in magnetic nanosystems. The topological patterns seen in rare earth manganites are often referred to as vortices and yet this claim never seems to be explicitly justified. By inspection, the form of a vortex structure is such that there is a continuous rotation in the orientation of dipole vectors around the singularity at the centre of the vortex.

Techno-Economic Feasibility of Selective CO2 Capture Processes from Biogas Streams using Ionic Liquids as Physical Absorbents

Biogas from anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge is a renewable resource with high energy content, which is formed mainly of CH4 (40-75 vol.%) and CO2 (15-60 vol.%) Other components such as water (H2O, 5-10 vol.%) and trace amounts of hydrogen sulfide and siloxanes can also be present. A CH4-rich stream can be produced by removing the CO2 and other impurities so that the upgraded bio-methane can be injected into the natural gas grid or used as a vehicle fuel. The main objective of this paper is to develop a new modeling methodology to assess the technical and economic performance of biogas upgrading processes using ionic liquids which physically absorb CO2. Three different ionic liquids, namely the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazoliumbis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide, are considered for CO2 capture in a pressure-swing regenerative absorption process. The simulation software Aspen Plus and Aspen Process Economic Analyzer is used to account for mass and energy balances as well as equipment cost. In all cases, the biogas upgrading plant consists of a multistage compressor for biogas compression, a packed absorption column for CO2 absorption, a flash evaporator for solvent regeneration, a centrifugal pump for solvent recirculation, a pre-absorber solvent cooler and a gas turbine for electricity recovery. The evaluated processes are compared in terms of energy efficiency, capital investment and bio-methane production costs. The overall plant efficiency ranges from 71-86 % whereas the bio-methane production cost ranges from £6.26-7.76 per GJ (LHV). A sensitivity analysis is also performed to determine how several technical and economic parameters affect the bio-methane production costs. The results of this study show that the simulation methodology developed can predict plant efficiencies and production costs of large scale CO2 capture processes using ionic liquids without having to rely on gas solubility experimental data.

Environnements didactiques informatiques et pédagogie du projet analyse de l'intervention éducative d'un enseignant en milieu scolaire socioéconomiquement faible

Cette étude de cas analyse l'intervention éducative d'un enseignant du primaire qui a mis en oeuvre un dispositif didactique et pédagogique intégrant de façon systématique l'informatique scolaire à une pédagogie du projet dans le but de mieux répondre aux besoins liés à l'apprentissage d'élèves provenant d'un milieu socioéconomiquement faible.Cette étude longitudinale (1998-2001) fait ressortir l'impact de l'agir professionnel sur la réussite scolaire. La problématique de notre recherche s'inscrit dans la foulée de la réforme en cours, dont l'une des visées est de contrer le retard scolaire au primaire et le risque d'échec et d'abandon scolaire précoce au secondaire. Quatre dimensions éclairent l'implémentation du dispositif: l'équité sociale, les changements épistémologiques, une orientation vers la socialisation et le rôle des TIC pour soutenir le développement des compétences transversales. Le cadre conceptuel s'appuie sur une perspective socioconstructiviste cohérente avec la théorie de l'anthropologie culturelle de Vygotsky (1978) pour qui l'apprentissage ne se fait pas seul, mais avec l'aide de pairs plus avancés en contexte de cognition située. La médiation de l'enseignant, par sa réflexion en action , en synchronie avec les besoins immédiats de ses élèves, établit le lien entre enseignant et apprenants, pour qu'ils puissent développer un esprit d'initiative, ainsi que la responsabilité et l'autonomie pour assumer leurs apprentissages. Une méthodologie mixte interreliant des méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives a exigé un recueil de données sur des dimensions descriptives et évaluatives. Des données de deuxième ordre, issues d'une recherche FCAR (98-NT-004), ont permis de dégager des caractéristiques spécifiques à la planification, à la gestion de classe et aux comportements de l'"enseignant-cible" en contexte de pédagogie du projet. Les résultats obtenus par les 23 élèves aux examens sommatifs de 6e année témoignent de l'efficacité de l'intervention. La présente étude pourrait avoir des retombées en tant que modèle pour d'autres chercheurs intéressés à étudier l'impact des TIC comme matériel didactique. Sur le plan de la pratique, ce type d'intervention serait un moyen efficace pour contrer le décrochage scolaire chez les élèves en mobilisant leurs capacités de s'adapter avec succès à leur environnement, malgré les facteurs de risque qui pourraient les inhiber.

Petites obsessions ironie et satire dans l'écriture de nouvelles destinées à la jeunesse

Petites obsessions : ironie et satire dans l'écriture de nouvelles destinées à la jeunesse", mémoire en création littéraire, comporte deux parties. La première présente un recueil de nouvelles humoristiques destinées à un lectorat jeunesse. Ces nouvelles, au nombre de huit, bien que différentes les unes des autres, partagent une même thématique, l'obsession, et des tonalités humoristiques comparables, soit la satire et l'ironie. La seconde partie de ce mémoire, plus théorique, se divise en trois sections. D'abord, on trouve une section traitant de la littérature jeunesse; on y parle du héros et du système de personnages, de l'humour utilisé dans ce type de littérature et, finalement de quelques thèmes fréquemment rencontrés : amour, intégration au groupe de pairs, identité, liberté et indépendance, nouvelles réalités sociales. Ce portrait rapide et succinct de la littérature jeunesse vient étayer les stratégies d'écriture utilisées lors de la rédaction de Petites obsessions , stratégies susceptibles de favoriser l'éclosion de l'humour dans un contexte littéraire. L'analyse d'un corpus restreint, mais représentatif, qui s'ensuit (Raymond Plante, Robert Soulières, Sylvie Desrosiers et Denis Côté) permet d'observer concrètement la présence des divers éléments textuels décrits en première partie, pour ensuite les mettre en corrélation avec la création littéraire proprement dite. À cette dernière étape, consignée dans la troisième section, s'ajoute une réflexion sur l'intentionnalité qui fonde l'écriture de Petites obsessions de même que sur les cibles qui y sont visées.

Die Fledermaus, November 18, 19, 21, and 22, 1977

Concert program for Die Fledermaus, November 18, 19, 21, and 22, 1977

The Guitar Ensemble May 11, 2002

Concert Program for The Guitar Ensemble May 11, 2002

Guitar Ensemble May 24, 2001

Concert Program for Guitar Ensemble May 24, 2001

Guitar Ensemble February 15, 2001

Concert Program for Guitar Ensemble February 15 2001

The Guitar Ensemble May 24, 2003

Concert Program for The Guitar Ensemble May 24 2003

The Guitar Ensemble February 8, 2003

Concert Program for The Guitar Ensemble February 8, 2003

Telling stories of culture through literature

Grounded on Raymond Williams‘s definition of knowable community as a cultural tool to analyse literary texts, the essay reads the texts D.H.Lawrence wrote while travelling in the Mediterranean (Twilight in Italy, Sea and Sardinia and Etruscan Places) as knowable communities, bringing to the discussion the wide importance of literature not only as an object for aesthetic or textual readings, but also as a signifying practice which tells stories of culture. Departing from some considerations regarding the historical development of the relationship between literature and culture, the essay analyses the ways D. H. Lawrence constructed maps of meaning, where the readers, in a dynamic relation with the texts, apprehend experiences, structures and feelings; putting into perspective Williams‘s theory of culture as a whole way of life, it also analyses the ways the author communicates and organizes these experiences, creating a space of communication and operating at different levels of reality: on the one hand, the reality of the whole way of Italian life, and, on the other hand, the reality of the reader who aspires to make sense and to create an interpretative context where all the information is put, and, also, the reality of the writer in the poetic act of writing. To read these travel writings as knowable communities is to understand them as a form that invents a community with no other existence but that of the literary text. The cultural construction we find in these texts is the result of the selection, and interpretation done by D.H.Lawrence, as well as the product of the author‘s enunciative positions, and of his epistemological and ontological filigrees of existence, structured by the conditions of possibility. In the rearticulation of the text, of the writer and of the reader, in a dynamic and shared process of discursive alliances, we understand that Lawrence tells stories of the Mediterranean through his literary art.

O regresso da homogeneidade no post Guerra Fria. Uma inversão da tendência histórica de progressiva heterogeneidade na natureza do sistema internacional?

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciência Política e Relações Internacionais (especialização em Relações Internacionais)

Safety and occlusion rates of surgical treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature from 1990 to 2011.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Surgical clipping of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) has recently been challenged by the emergence of endovascular treatment. We performed an updated systematic review and meta-analysis on the surgical treatment of UIAs, in an attempt to determine the aneurysm occlusion rates and safety of surgery in the modern era. METHODS: A detailed protocol was developed prior to conducting the review according to the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. Electronic databases spanning January 1990-April 2011 were searched, complemented by hand searching. Heterogeneity was assessed using I(2), and publication bias with funnel plots. Surgical mortality and morbidity were analysed with weighted random effect models. RESULTS: 60 studies with 9845 patients harbouring 10 845 aneurysms were included. Mortality occurred in 157 patients (1.7%; 99% CI 0.9% to 3.0%; I(2)=82%). Unfavourable outcomes, including death, occurred in 692 patients (6.7%; 99% CI 4.9% to 9.0%; I(2)=85%). Morbidity rates were significantly greater in higher quality studies, and with large or posterior circulation aneurysms. Reported morbidity rates decreased over time. Studies were generally of poor quality; funnel plots showed heterogeneous results and publication bias, and data on aneurysm occlusion rates were scant. CONCLUSIONS: In studies published between 1990 and 2011, clipping of UIAs was associated with 1.7% mortality and 6.7% overall morbidity. The reputed durability of clipping has not been rigorously documented. Due to the quality of the included studies, the available literature cannot properly guide clinical decisions.