Culture of equine bone marrow mononuclear fraction and adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction cells in different media

The objective of this study was to evaluate the culture of equine bone marrow mononuclear fraction and adipose tissue - derived stromal vascular fraction cells in two different cell culture media. Five adult horses were submitted to bone marrow aspiration from the sternum, and then from the adipose tissue of the gluteal region near the base of the tail. Mononuclear fraction and stromal vascular fraction were isolated from the samples and cultivated in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum or in AIM-V medium. The cultures were observed once a week with an inverted microscope, to perform a qualitative analysis of the morphology of the cells as well as the general appearance of the cell culture. Colony-forming units (CFU) were counted on days 5, 15 and 25 of cell culture. During the first week of culture, differences were observed between the samples from the same source maintained in different culture media. The number of colonies was significantly higher in samples of bone marrow in relation to samples of adipose tissue.

Regioselective modification of galactose-containing polysaccharides in aqueous media

Biorefining is defined as sustainable conversion of biomass into marketable products and energy. Forests cover almost one third of earth’s land area, and account for approximately 40% of the total annual biomass production. In forest biorefining, the wood components are, in addition to the traditional paper and board products, converted into chemicals and biofuels. The major components in wood are cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. The main hemicellulose in softwoods, which are of interest especially for the Nordic forest industry, is O-acetyl galactoglucomannan (GGM). GGM can be isolated in industrial scale from the waste waters of the mechanical pulping process, but is not yet today industrially utilized. In order to attain desired properties of GGM for specific end-uses, chemical and enzymatic modifications can be performed. Regioselective modifications of GGM, and other galactose-containing polysaccharides were done by oxidations, and by combining oxidations with subsequent derivatizations of the formed carbonyl or carboxyl groups. Two different pathways were investigated: activation of the C-6 positions in different sugar units by TEMPO-mediated oxidation, and activation of C-6 position in only galactose-units by oxidation catalyzed by the enzyme galactose oxidase. The activated sites were further selectively derivatized; TEMPO-oxidized GGM by a carbodiimide-mediated reaction forming amides, and GO-oxidized GGM by indium-mediated allylation introducing double or triple bonds to the molecule. In order to better understand the reaction, and to develop a MALDI-TOF-MS method for characterization of regioselectively allylated GGM, α-D-galactopyranoside and raffinose were used as model compounds. All reactions were done in aqueous media. To investigate the applicability of the modified polysaccharides for, e.g., cellulose surface functionalization, their sorption onto pulp fibres was studied. Carboxylation affects the sorption tendency significantly; a higher degree of oxidation leads to lower sorption. By controlling the degree of oxidation of the polysaccharides and the ionic strength of the sorption media, high degrees of sorption of carboxylated polysaccharides onto cellulose could, however, be obtained. Anionic polysaccharides were used as templates during laccase-catalyzed polymerization of aniline, offering a green, chemo-enzymatic route for synthesis of conducting polyaniline (PANI) composite materials. Different polysaccharide templates, such as, native GGM, TEMPO-oxidized GGM, naturally anionic κ-carrageenan, and nanofibrillated cellulose produced by TEMPO-oxidation, were assessed. The conductivity of the synthesized polysaccharide/PANI biocomposites varies depending on the polysaccharide template; κ-CGN, the anionic polysaccharide with the lowest pKa value, produces the polysaccharide/PANI biocomposites with the highest conductivity. The presented derivatization, sorption, and polymerization procedures open new application windows for polysaccharides, such as spruce GGM. The modified polysaccharides and the conducting biocomposites produced provide potential applications in biosensors, electronic devices, and tissue engineering.

Mikä uusi media?

Teksti perustuu Turun yliopistossa 2.11.2011 pidettyyn professoriluentoon.

Flows of Bingham Materials Through Ideal Porous Media: an Experimental and Theoretical Study

The flow of Bingham liquids through porous media has been studied. Experiments have been performed to determine the flow rate / pressure drop relationship for the flow of a grease of Binghamian rheological behavior through an array of rods of circular cross section. The yield stress and plastic viscosity of the grease have been determined with the aid of a controlled stress rotational rheometer. To investigate a wider range of the flow parameters, the mass and momentum conservation equations have been solved numerically, in conjunction with the generalized Newtonian constitutive law and the bi-viscosity model. The finite volume method has been employed to obtain the numerical solution. These numerical results also yielded a flow rate / pressure drop relationship, which is in very good agreement with the experimental results. A capillaric theory has been developed to determine an analytical relationship between the flow rate and pressure drop for flows of Bingham liquids through porous media. It is shown that the predictions of this theory are in good agreement with the experimental and numerical results.

Next Media / eReading / Kirjastolisenssipilotti

Arja Tuuliniemen esitys Asiantuntijaseminaarissa Helsingissä 13.2.2014.

Social media and public libraries : exploring information activities of library professionals and users

Social media has become a part of many people’s everyday lives. In the library field the adoption of social media has been widespread and discussions of the development of “Library 2.0” began at an early stage. The aim with this thesis is to study the interface between public libraries, social media, and users, focusing on information activities. The main research question is: How is the interface between public libraries and social media perceived and acted upon by its main stakeholders (library professionals and users)? The background of Library 2.0 is strongly associated with the development of the Web and social media, as well as with the public libraries and their user-centered and information technological development. The theoretical framework builds on the research within the area of Library and Information Science concerning information behavior, information practice, and information activities. Earlier research on social media and public libraries is also highlighted in this thesis. The methods survey and content analysis were applied to map the interface between social media and public libraries. A questionnaire was handed out to the users and another questionnaire was sent out to the library professionals. The results were statistically analyzed. In the content analysis public library Facebook pages were studied. All the empirical investigations were conducted in the area of Finland Proper. An integrated analysis of the results deepens the understanding of the key elements of the social media and public library context. These elements are interactivity, information activities, perceptions, and stakeholders. In this context seven information activities were distinguished: reading, seeking, creating, communicating, informing, mediating, and contributing. This thesis contributes to develop the research concerning information activities and draws a realistic picture of the challenges and opportunities in the social media and public library context. It also contributes with knowledge on library professionals and library users, and the existing differences in their perceptions of the interface between libraries and social media.

Backpacker 2.0 - Contemporary backpackers and their use of social media as an information and communication platform

Long-term independent budget travel to countries far away has become increasingly common over the last few decades, and backpacking has now entered the tourism mainstream. Nowadays, backpackers are a very important segment of the global travel market. Backpacking is a type of tourism that involves a lot of information search activities. The Internet has become a major source of information as well as a platform for tourism business transactions. It allows travelers to gain information very effortlessly and to learn about tourist destinations and products directly from other travelers in the form of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM). Social media has penetrated and changed the backpacker market, as now modern travelers can stay connected to people at home, read online recommendations, and organize and book their trips very independently. In order to create a wider understanding on modern-day backpackers and their information search and share behavior in the Web 2.0 era, this thesis examined contemporary backpackers and their use of social media as an information and communication platform. In order to achieve this goal, three sub-objectives were identified: 1. to describe contemporary backpacker tourism 2. to examine contemporary backpackers’ travel information search and share behavior 3. to explore the impacts of new information and communications technologies and Web 2.0 on backpacker tourism The empirical data was gathered with an online survey, thus the method of analysis was mainly quantitative, and a qualitative method was used for a brief analysis of open questions. The research included both descriptive and analytical approaches, as the goal was to describe modern-day backpackers, and to examine possible interdependencies between information search and share behavior and background variables. The interdependencies were tested for statistical significance with the help of five research hypotheses. The results suggested that backpackers no longer fall under the original backpacker definitions described some decades ago. Now, they are mainly short-term travelers, whose trips resemble more those of mainstream tourists. They use communication technologies very actively, and particularly social media. Traditional information sources, mainly guide books and recommendations from friends, are of great importance to them but also eWOM sources are widely used in travel decision making. The use of each source varies according to the stage of the trip. All in all, Web 2.0 and new ICTs have transformed the backpacker tourism industry in many ways. Although the experience has become less authentic in some travelers’ eyes, the backpacker culture is still recognizable.

Influência de herbicidas na qualidade da matéria-prima de genótipos de cana-de-açúcar

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os efeitos de ametryn, trifloxysulfuron-sodium e da mistura ametryn + trifloxysulfuron-sodium na qualidade da matéria-prima de genótipos de cana-de-açúcar. O experimento foi realizado em campo, em Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo, no delineamento de blocos casualizados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Os herbicidas ametryn (2.000 g ha-1), trifloxysulfuron-sodium (22,5 g ha-1) e a mistura comercial de ametryn + trifloxysulfuron-sodium (1.463 + 37,0 g ha-1), aplicados em pós-emergência inicial da cultura, mais uma testemunha capinada foram alocados nas parcelas. Nas subparcelas foram dispostos dez genótipos de cana-de-açúcar: RB72454, RB835486, RB855113, RB855156, RB867515, RB925211, RB925345, RB937570, RB947520 e SP80-1816. Foram avaliadas por ocasião da colheita, realizada aos 430 dias após o plantio, as características: sólidos solúveis totais (Brix), pureza do caldo, fibra, sacarose aparente e produtividade de colmos e de açúcar, referentes à qualidade da matéria-prima dos genótipos. Para facilitar a interpretação dos resultados, todas as características avaliadas foram transformadas em porcentagens em relação à testemunha capinada (sem herbicida). Observaram-se efeitos diferenciados dos herbicidas sobre os genótipos, sendo o RB855156 e o RB835486 os que tiveram a produtividade de colmos e de açúcar mais afetada ao se aplicar. Houve queda na produtividade de colmos e de açúcar no genótipo RB855113 quando este foi tratado com a mistura (ametryn + trifloxysulfuron-sodium). Nenhum dos genótipos foi afetado pelo herbicida ametryn em aplicação isolada.

Jaetun johtajuuden ja työhyvinvoinnin välinen yhteys: tutkimus media-alan henkilöstön kokemuksista.

Työhyvinvointi työpaikoilla on Työterveyslaitoksen vuonna 2008 tekemän tutkimuksen mukaan heikentynyt ja tästä kertyvät kustannukset yhteiskunnalle ovat 24 miljardin euron vuodessa. Yritykset ovat pyrkineet vastaamaan tähän haasteeseen muun muassa jaetun johtajuuden keinoin ja panostamalla työntekijöiden työhyvinvointiin. Koska tästä työhyvinvoinnin laskusta koituvat kustannukset heikentävät yritysten kannattavuutta, on tätä asiaa syytä tutkia tarkemmin. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on selvittää jaetun johtajuuden ja työhyvinvoinnin välistä yhteyttä pelialan ja TV-tuotantoyrityksissä. Lisäksi pyritään löytämään uusia työhyvinvointia ja jaettua johtajuutta linkittäviä tekijöitä. Tutkimus tehtiin laadullisena tutkimuksena haastattelemalla pelialalla ja TV-tuotantoyrityksissä työskenteleviä ihmisiä, heidän kokemuksiaan työhyvinvoinnista ja jaetusta johtajuudesta. Aiemmista työhyvinvoinnin tutkimuksista nostettiin esille neljä tutkijaa, joiden johtopäätökset olivat ydinviestiltään hyvin yhteneväisiä. Jaetun johtajuuden merkitys aiemman tutkimuksen valossa tiivistyi yksilön huomioonottamiseen ja hänen vahvuuksiensa hyödyntämiseen. Verrattaessa työhyvinvoinnin ja jaetun johtajuuden tutkimusten tuloksia, havaittiin niillä olevan useita yhteisiä tekijöitä. Haastatteluaineistoa lähestyttiin analyysissä induktiivisesti grounded teorian pohjalta koodaamalla ja luokittelemalla haastatteluaineistoa yläkategorioiksi, tiettyä asiakokonaisuutta koskeviksi kuvauksiksi. Näiden yläkategorioiden välisistä sidoksista muodostetusta käsitekartasta etsittiin selittäviä sidoksia jaetun johtajuuden ja työhyvinvoinnin välisille yhteyksille. Merkittävimpinä yläkategorioina käsitekartasta olivat liiketoiminta, motivaatio ja ihmissuhteet. Näissä kiteytyvät jaetun johtajuuden ja työhyvinvoinnin välisen yhteyden ydinsanoma; menestyvä liiketoiminta tarvitsee motivoituneen henkilöstön, jonka ihmissuhteet ovat hyvässä kunnossa. Uutena tekijänä tutkimuksessa löydettiin organisaation sisäisen ja ulkoisen vapauden positiivinen vaikutus jaetulle johtajuudelle ja työhyvinvoinnille. Johtopäätöksenä tutkimuksesta saatiin johtamisen ja työhyvinvoinnin positiivinen sykli, jossa sosiaalisessa prosessissa yrityksen työntekijöiden luomat arvot ohjaavat niitä tavoitteita, joihin yritys pyrkii. Tämä motivoi työntekijöitä toteuttamaan näitä tavoitteita sekä kehittämään itseään ja ihmissuhteitaan. Työntekijöiden osallistuminen sosiaaliseen prosessiin sitoutuneisuutta heitä yrityksen liiketoimintaprosessiin. Liiketoimintaprosessista saatava palaute muokkaa edelleen yrityksen arvoja ja näin sykli käynnistyy uudelleen. Vapaus oli haastatelluissa yrityksissä tyypillinen uusi välittävä tekijä jaetun johtajuuden ja työhyvinvoinnin välillä.

Design of a 1 kW 150 rpm permanent-magnet synchronous generator for stand-alone wind-power applications

A program for calculating low-speed low-power synchronous machine is presented. A permanent-magnet synchronous generator for 1 kW 150 rpm is designed. Optimization of magnet’s and coil’s dimensions was made.