Imagem de São Tomé e Principe do ponto de vista do Turismo

RESUMO: Esta dissertação visa dar uma contribuição para o desenvolvimento do turismo de STP (São Tomé e Príncipe). Foram consideradas variáveis como a experiência turística, satisfação turística, imagem turística e a intenção de recomendar a região/país, de modo a aferir as percepções dos turistas estrangeiros relativamente à avaliação da imagem turística, atendendo que o país possui um conjunto de características naturais para a prática do turismo. Neste contexto, foi aplicado um inquérito aos turistas na capital de S.Tomé (nomeadamente em, hotéis, residenciais, restaurantes, bares e no Aeroporto Internacional de São Tomé) entre os meses de Março a Maio de 2010. O estudo desenvolvido tem duas vertentes, a exploratório/descritivo e conclusiva, com ênfase na análise do tipo qualitativo e quantitativo. Utilizou-se igualmente a análise de regressão, a qual permitiu perceber a relação entre as variáveis identificadas, constatando-se que a percepção de imagem global, o passa-palavra positiva e a intenção de voltar depende da identidade do local e dos alimentos e bebidas. ABSTRACT: This dissertation aims to make a contribution to the development of tourism STP (Sao Tome and Principe). Several variables were regarded, such as the tourism experience, tourist satisfaction, tourism image and intention to recommend the region / country in order to gauge the perceptions of foreign tourists with regards to the evaluation of the tourism image, given that the country has a set of natural features for practice tourism. In this context, a survey was administered to tourists in the capital of São Tome and Principe, including hotels, guesthouses, restaurants, bars and the international airport of São Tomé during the months of March to May 2010. The developed study has two components, exploratory / descriptive and conclusive, with emphasis on qualitative and quantitative analysis. It is also used regression analysis, which allowed us to perceive the relationship between the variables identified, noting that the perception of global image, the positive word of mouth and intention to return depends on the identity of the place and food and beverages.

Educação, qualificação profissional e mercado de trabalho : estudo sobre os impactos na educação da expansão econômica do complexo industrial de SUAPE/PE/Brasil

Essa pesquisa teve como preocupação central conhecer a avaliação que os estudantes do 3° ano do ensino médio da educação básica acerca da educação fornecida pela rede estadual de ensino no estado de Pernambuco quanto à preparação para o mercado de trabalho, especialmente na região do Complexo Industrial de Suape em Pernambuco, Brasil. A pesquisa contou com a participação de 130 alunos que estudavam em duas escolas do município de Ipojuca - onde se localiza o referido Complexo Industrial -, e com 07 autoridades ligadas a educação – responsáveis pelas políticas públicas nessa região e em todo estado – em Pernambuco e nas cidades do Cabo de Santo Agostinho e Ipojuca. Foram aplicados um questionário validado aos alunos e uma entrevista semi-estruturada as autoridades (secretários de estado, gerentes regionais) em educação. Na análise quantitativa fizemos uso do programa SPSS; enquanto que na análise qualitativa utilizamos a análise de discurso. A partir dos dados obtidos conseguimos como resultado que os alunos acreditam que a escola não os prepara adequadamente para o ingresso e permanência no mercado de trabalho, e acreditam ainda, que para que essa constatação possa ser modificada é preciso que haja um investimento maior na qualidade da educação como prioridade em nosso estado e em nosso país. Nesse sentido, analisamos que mesmo com todos os avanços que estão ocorrendo no Brasil, com programas e leis de incentivo a educação básica e profissional, a sociedade globalizada exige cada vez mais investimentos em educação, e que ela deixe de ser dual e torne-se integrada e onilateral, fazendo com que os alunos consigam acreditar na educação e, a partir dela se tornem sujeitos críticos e com oportunidades de ingresso no mercado com as competências que lhe são exigidas para tal fim.

Alfabetização e letramento : o discurso e as compreensões de professores da educação infantil

A inquietação fundamental desta investigação foi entender como as professoras da educação infantil se expressam e compreendem a alfabetização e letramento. As categorias eleitas foram alfabetização e letramento, educação infantil e discurso. O referencial teórico teve como principais autores: Ferreiro (1985, 1987, 1988, 1993, 2003), Kramer (1995, 2008, 2010), Soares (1998, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010), Machado (2004), Oliveira (2005), Rosemberg (2002, 2003), Zabalza (1998), Fairclough (2001, 2008), Iñiguez (2004), Orlandi (1994, 2005), Dijk (2004) e Henry (1997). A investigação foi conduzida com cem professoras da educação infantil, e dez professoras que lecionam no Infantil II, última etapa da educação infantil, em seis instituições de ensino da cidade de Garanhuns, Pernambuco, Brasil. Procedeu-se à aplicação de um questionário adaptado e validado às professoras de todas as etapas da educação infantil e uma entrevista semiestruturada às professoras do Infantil II. A análise dos dados quantitativos foi realizada por meio do programa SPSS 18.0; enquanto a análise dos dados qualitativos foi orientada pela análise de discurso na linha francesa. Os resultados evidenciaram a relevância, dada pelas professoras, aos processos de alfabetização e letramento na educação infantil. Todavia emergiu da opinião e do discurso de algumas professoras, apesar dessas demonstrarem afinidades com os conceitos e aplicabilidade dos processos de alfabetização e letramento, insegurança, dificuldade e contradições ao refleti-los, ora como processos distintos ora como imbricados entre si.

Um estudo sobre a relação entre os tipos motivacionais de valores e o desempenho escolar de alunos do IFAM-campus Manaus Zona Leste

O presente estudo investiga os principais tipos motivacionais de valores dos alunos que freqüentam o 1° ano no IFAM – Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas - Campus Manaus Zona Leste, e a relação com o desempenho escolar dos alunos. Fundamentou-se em Schwartz (2006) e Tamayo (2007) que apresentam os tipos motivacionais de valores como valores universais e organizacionais. A pesquisa tem um enfoque exploratório-descritivo já que tem o propósito de proporcionar uma visão geral acerca de determinado fato. É considerado o primeiro estágio da pesquisa, onde se conhece o objeto de estudo tal como se apresenta, os seus significados e o contexto onde se insere. A amostra compõe-se de seis turmas das primeiras séries do curso de formação técnico-profissional representadas por setenta e cinco alunos. Os dados foram obtidos através de questionários com variáveis para análise quantitativa, que descrevem as características de uma população. Para a tabulação dos dados estatísticos foi utilizado o software ABD do Windows SPSS e a planilha do EXCEL. Verificou-se que o IFAM – Campus Manaus Zona Leste representa um lugar onde os alunos dos mais longínquos locais do Amazonas e até de alguns estados vizinhos vêm em busca de conhecimentos na área de agropecuária. Na opinião dos pesquisados o espaço físico, o horário integral, as dificuldades financeiras, a distância dos familiares interferem no processo ensino aprendizagem. Da mesma forma afirmam que os tipos motivacionais que caracterizam as suas opções, interferem no desempenho escolar.

Saberes docentes mobilizados no ensino de EJA e sua relevância na vida cotidiana do aluno

A preocupação central desta pesquisa foi compreendermos quais os saberes docentes que o professor de EJA mobiliza na organização do seu trabalho em sala de aula e a relevância desses saberes no cotidiano do aluno de Escolas Estaduais da cidade de Garanhuns, Pernambuco, Brasil. A pesquisa foi conduzida com 100 discentes da EJA que estudam em quatro escolas da referida cidade e com oito docentes que lecionam nas referidas Instituições. Procedeu-se à aplicação de um questionário validado e adaptado aos discentes e uma entrevista semi-estruturada aos docentes dessa modalidade. A análise dos dados quantitativos foi realizada por meio do programa SPSS; enquanto a análise dos dados qualitativos foi orientada pela análise de discurso. Os resultados evidenciaram a falta de formação profissional específica dos docentes para trabalhar com a EJA, bem como a necessidade de uma política educacional voltada para essa modalidade de ensino, visto que, apesar de a maioria dos professores recorrerem aos diferentes saberes adquiridos em sua trajetória, a educação de jovens e adultos ainda expressa um reflexo de exclusão e ideologia apresentando bastante dificuldade. Assim, sugere-se que muito se tem a evoluir para que toda a potencialidade utilizada a favor do ensino de jovens e adultos obtenha sucesso, tanto para construção das práticas pedagógicas de seus docentes quanto para a facilitação do processo de ensino-aprendizagem com os alunos.

Surveillance and data retention in Poland

The object of analysis in the present text is the issue of operational control and data retention in Poland. The analysis of this issue follows from a critical stance taken by NGOs and state institutions on the scope of operational control wielded by the Polish police and special services – it concerns, in particular, the employment of “itemized phone bills and the so-called phone tapping.” Besides the quantitative analysis of operational control and the scope of data retention, the text features the conclusions of the Human Rights Defender referred to the Constitutional Tribunal in 2011. It must be noted that the main problems concerned with the employment of operational control and data retention are caused by: (1) a lack of specification of technical means which can be used by individual services; (2) a lack of specification of what kind of information and evidence is in question; (3) an open catalogue of information and evidence which can be clandestinely acquired in an operational mode. Furthermore, with regard to the access granted to teleinformation data by the Telecommunications Act, attention should be drawn to a wide array of data submitted to particular services. Also, the text draws on the so-called open interviews conducted mainly with former police officers with a view to pointing to some non-formal reasons for “phone tapping” in Poland. This comes in the form of a summary.

Land degradation and vegetation distribution in Chott El Beida wetland, Algeria

The aim of this study is to explore the environmental factors that determine plant Community distribution in northeast Algeria. This paper provides a quantitative analysis of the vegetation-environment relationships for a study site in the Cholt El Beida wetland, a RAMSAR site in Setif, Algeria. Sixty vegetation plots were sampled and analysed using TWINSPAN and Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) in order to identify the principal vegetation communities and determine the environmental gradients associated with these. 127 species belonging to 41 families and 114 genera were recorded. Six of the recorded species were endemic representing 4.7% of the total species. The richest families were Compositae, Gramineae, Cruciferae and Chenopodiaceae. Therophytes and hemicryptophytes were the most frequent life forms. the Mediterranean floristic element is dominant and is represented by 39 species. The samples were classified into four main community types. The principal DCA axes represent gradients of soil salinity, moisture and anthropogenic pressure. The use of classification in combination with ordination techniques resulted in a good discrimination between plant communities and a greater understanding of controlling environmental factors. The methodology adopted can be employed for improving baseline information on plant community ecology and distribution in often critically endangered Mediterranean wetland areas. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The role of gypsum in the reactions of phosphate with soils

The aim of this study was to examine the mechanisms by which gypsum increases the sorption of fertilizer-P in soils of and and semi-arid regions. Either gypsum or soil (Usher from the UK; pH 7.8, 7% organic matter, 21% CaCO3: Yasouj from Iran; pH 8.2, 1.4% OM, 18% CaCO3: Ghanimeh from Saudi Arabia; pH 7.8, 1% OM, 26% CaCO3, 13% gypsum) was shaken for 24 It with KH2PO4 solutions in 10 mM CaCl2. With gypsum, grinding increased sorption by a factor of about 3, and increase in pH from 5.6 to 7.5 greatly increased sorption. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) and EDX quantitative analysis showed that small crystals of gypsum disappeared and roughly spherical particles of dicalcium phosphate (DCPD) were formed. Analysis of equilibrium Solutions showed, using GEOCHEM, that octa-calcium phosphate (OCP) coated the DCPD. For the soils, sorption was in the order Ghanimeh > Yasouj > Usher. Removal of gypsum from Ghanimeh reduced sorption, with precipitated gypsum having a greater effect than gypsum mixed physically with the soil. Addition to Usher had no effect. SEM and EDX could not be used in the soil matrix, but solubility analysis again showed that solutions were close to equilibrium with OCP. Usher was unresponsive to added gypsum, presumably because of its small sorption capacity and high organic matter content. In Ghanimeh and Yasouj soils, gypsum increased sorption by being a source of readily available Ca2+ (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Environmental factors and vegetation composition, Lefka Ori Massif, Crete, S. Aegean

Aim The aim of this study was to explore the environmental factors that determine the spatial distribution of oro-mediterranean and alti-mediterranean plant communities in Crete. Location The paper provides a quantitative analysis of vegetation-environment relationships for two study areas within the Lefka Ori massif Crete, a proposed Natura 2000 site. Methods Eleven environmental variables were recorded: altitude, slope, aspect, percentage of bare rock, percentage of unvegetated ground, soil depth, pH, organic matter content and percentages of sand, silt and clay content. Classification of the vegetation was based on twinspan, while detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were used to identify environmental gradients linked to community distribution. Results One hundred and twenty-five species were recorded from 120 plots located within the two study areas. Forty-seven of the recorded species are endemic, belonging to 35 families. Hemicryptophytes and chamaephytes were the most frequent, suggesting a typical oro-mediterranean life form spectrum. The samples were classified into five main community types and one transitional. The main gradients, identified by CCA, were altitude and surface cover type in the North-west site, while in the Central site the gradients were soil formation-development and surface cover type. Main conclusions The use of classification in combination with ordination techniques resulted in a good discrimination between plant communities and a greater understanding of controlling environmental factors. The methodology adopted can be employed for improving baseline information on plant community ecology and distribution in Mediterranean mountain zones.

Energy separation of neutrons scattered at small angles from silicon using time-of-flight techniques

The time-of-flight technique is used on a small-angle neutron scattering instrument to separate the energies of the scattered neutrons, in order to determine the origin of the temperature-dependent scattering observed from silicon at Q > similar to 0.1 angstrom(-1). A quantitative analysis of the results in comparison with the phonon dispersion curves, determined by Dolling using a triple-axis neutron spectrometer, shows that the temperature-dependent scattering can be understood in terms of Umklapp processes whereby neutrons gain energy from phonons.

Optimal protection of stabilised dry live bacteria from bile toxicity in oral dosage forms by bile acid adsorbent resins

We previously found that dried live bacteria of a vaccine strain can be temporarily sensitive to bile acids and suggested that Bile Adsorbing Resins (BAR) can be used in oral vaccine tablets to protect dried bacteria from intestinal bile. Here, we report a quantitative analysis of the ability of BAR to exclude the dye bromophenol blue from penetrating into matrix tablets and also sections of hard capsule shells. Based on this quantitative analysis, we made a fully optimised formulation, comprising 25% w/w of cholestyramine in Vcaps™ HPMC capsules. This gave effectively 100% protection of viability from 4% bile, with 4200-fold more live bacteria recovered from this formulation compared to unprotected dry bacteria. From the image analysis, we found that the filler material or compaction force used had no measurable effect on dye exclusion but did affect the rate of tablet hydration. Increasing the mass fraction of BAR gave more exclusion of dye up to 25% w/w, after which a plateau was reached and no further dye exclusion was seen. More effective dye exclusion was seen with smaller particle sizes (i.e. cholestyramine) and when the BAR was thoroughly dried and disaggregated. Similar results were found when imaging dye penetration into capsule sections or tablets. The predictions of the dye penetration study were tested using capsules filled with dried attenuated Salmonella vaccine plus different BAR types, and the expected protection from bile was found, validating the imaging study. Surprisingly, depending on the capsule shell material, some protection was given by the capsule alone without adding BAR, with Vcaps™ HPMC capsules providing up to 174-fold protection against 1% bile; faster releasing Vcaps Plus™ HPMC capsules and Coni Snap™ gelatin capsules gave less protection.

Land degradation and vegetation distribution in Chott El Beida wetland, Algeria

The aim of this study is to explore the environmental factors that determine plant Community distribution in northeast Algeria. This paper provides a quantitative analysis of the vegetation-environment relationships for a study site in the Cholt El Beida wetland, a RAMSAR site in Setif, Algeria. Sixty vegetation plots were sampled and analysed using TWINSPAN and Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) in order to identify the principal vegetation communities and determine the environmental gradients associated with these. 127 species belonging to 41 families and 114 genera were recorded. Six of the recorded species were endemic representing 4.7% of the total species. The richest families were Compositae, Gramineae, Cruciferae and Chenopodiaceae. Therophytes and hemicryptophytes were the most frequent life forms. the Mediterranean floristic element is dominant and is represented by 39 species. The samples were classified into four main community types. The principal DCA axes represent gradients of soil salinity, moisture and anthropogenic pressure. The use of classification in combination with ordination techniques resulted in a good discrimination between plant communities and a greater understanding of controlling environmental factors. The methodology adopted can be employed for improving baseline information on plant community ecology and distribution in often critically endangered Mediterranean wetland areas. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Macrophyte community structure and species occurrence in relation to environmental determinants in the ephemeral aquatic habitats of Gavdos, Greece

The aims of this study were to explore the environmental factors that determine the distribution of plant communities in temporary rock pools and provide a quantitative analysis of vegetation-environment relationships for five study sites on the island of Gavdos, southwest of Crete, Greece. Data from 99 rock pools were collected and analysed using Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN), Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) to identify the principal communities and environmental gradients that are linked to community distribution. A total of 46 species belonging to 21 families were recorded within the study area. The dominant families were Labiatae, Gramineae and Compositae while therophytes and chamaephytes were the most frequent life forms. The samples were classified into six community types using TWINSPAN, which were also corroborated by CCA analysis. The principal gradients for vegetation distribution, identified by CCA, were associated with water storage and water retention ability, as expressed by pool perimeter and water depth. Generalised Additive Models (GAMs) were employed to identify responses of four dominant rock pool species to water depth. The resulting species response curves showed niche differentiation in the cases of Callitriche pulchra and Tillaea vaillantii and revealed competition between Zannichellia pedunculata and Chara vulgaris. The use of classification in combination with ordination techniques resulted in a good discrimination between plant communities. Generalised Additive Models are a powerful tool in investigating species response curves to environmental gradients. The methodology adopted can be employed for improving baseline information on plant community ecology and distribution in Mediterranean ephemeral pools.

A rotating disc voltammetry study of the 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone mediated reduction of colloidal indigo

Colloidal indigo is reduced to an aqueous solution of leuco-indigo in a mediated two-electron process converting the water-insoluble dye into the water-soluble leuco form. The colloidal dye does not interact directly with the electrode surface, and to employ an electrochemical process for this reduction, the redox mediator 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone (1,8-DHAQ) is used to transfer electrons from the electrode to the dye. The mediated reduction process is investigated at a (500-kHz ultrasound-assisted) rotating disc electrode, and the quantitative analysis of voltammetric data is attempted employing the Digisim numerical simulation software package. At the most effective temperature, 353 K, the diffusion coefficient for 1,8-DHAQ is (0.84 +/- 0.08)x10(-9) m(2) s(-1), and it is shown that an apparently kinetically controlled reaction between the reduced form of the mediator and the colloidal indigo occurs within the diffusion layer at the electrode surface. The apparent bimolecular rate constant k (app)=3 mol m(-3) s(-1) for the rate law d[leuco-indigo]/dt = k(app) x [mediator] x [indigo] is determined and attributed to a mediator diffusion controlled dissolution of the colloid particles. The average particle size and the number of molecules per particles are estimated from the apparent bimolecular rate constant and confirmed by scanning electron microscopy.

In vitro fermentation of carbohydrates by porcine faecal inocula and their influence on Salmonella Typhimurium growth in batch culture systems

The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the influence of fermentable carbohydrates on the activity of porcine microbiota and survival of Salmonella Typhimurium in a batch culture system simulating the porcine hindgut. The carbohydrates tested were xylooligosaccharides, a mixture of fructooligosaccharides/inulin (FIN), fructooligosaccharides (FOS), gentiooligosaccharides (GEO) and lactulose (LAC). These ingredients stimulated the growth of selected Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species in pure cultures. In batch cultures, the carbohydrates influenced some fermentation parameters. For example, GEO and FIN significantly increased lactic acids compared with the control (no added carbohydrate). With the exception of LAC, the test carbohydrates increased the production of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and modified SCFA profiles. Quantitative analysis of bacterial populations by FISH revealed increased counts of the Bifidobacterium group compared with control and, with exception of FOS, increased Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc and Weissella spp. counts. Salmonella numbers were the lowest during the fermentation of LAC. This work has looked at carbohydrate metabolism by porcine microbiota in a pH-controlled batch fermentation system. It provides an initial model to analyse interactions with pathogens.