Adeus Pädagogik?

Pädagogik als die Reflexionswissenschaft dieser Praxis der Erziehung und Bildung hat sich lange Zeit entsprechend darum bemüht, die relative Eigenständigkeit der pädagogischen Praxis gegenüber gesellschaftlichen Partikularinteressen auszulegen, zu begründen und zu verteidigen. Sie tat bzw. postulierte dies in der advokatorischen Zuständigkeit für das Recht der nachwachsenden Generation auf ihr Selbstsein, der pädagogisch angebahnten Verfügung über sich als Mündigkeit. Hier nun setzt die Frage an, ob – jenseits des bloßen Postulates – die Pädagogik als die Bildung eines Subjektes und die Erziehung zur Mündigkeit überhaupt noch genügend gesellschaftlich geerdet ist, damit sie als wirkmächtiger Faktor der Gestaltung und des Nachdenkens über Erziehung und Bildung bestehen kann. Gibt es diesen eigenen Geltungsbereich des Pädagogischen noch in zureichendem Maße, damit er nicht als bloß idealistische Einrede behandelt werden kann? Oder ist mit dem weltweiten Siegeszug des Neoliberalismus’ ein Maß an Kolonisierung des Pädagogischen eingetreten, das dieses nunmehr gänzlich unter das Verwertungsinteresse der Ware Arbeitskraft subsumiert werden kann? Eben: Adeus Pädagogik?! (DIPF/Orig.)

Three Essays in Empirical Asset Pricing

The financial crisis of 2007-2008 led to extraordinary government intervention in firms and markets. The scope and depth of government action rivaled that of the Great Depression. Many traded markets experienced dramatic declines in liquidity leading to the existence of conditions normally assumed to be promptly removed via the actions of profit seeking arbitrageurs. These extreme events motivate the three essays in this work. The first essay seeks and fails to find evidence of investor behavior consistent with the broad 'Too Big To Fail' policies enacted during the crisis by government agents. Only in limited circumstances, where government guarantees such as deposit insurance or U.S. Treasury lending lines already existed, did investors impart a premium to the debt security prices of firms under stress. The second essay introduces the Inflation Indexed Swap Basis (IIS Basis) in examining the large differences between cash and derivative markets based upon future U.S. inflation as measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI). It reports the consistent positive value of this measure as well as the very large positive values it reached in the fourth quarter of 2008 after Lehman Brothers went bankrupt. It concludes that the IIS Basis continues to exist due to limitations in market liquidity and hedging alternatives. The third essay explores the methodology of performing debt based event studies utilizing credit default swaps (CDS). It provides practical implementation advice to researchers to address limited source data and/or small target firm sample size.

Lithostratigraphische, technologische und geochemische Untersuchungen Im Muschelkalk des Osnabrücker Berglandes

Im niedersächsischen Teil des Osnabrücker Berglands wurde der Muschelkalk lithostratigraphisch untersucht und sein Gesteinsinventar im Hinblick auf dessen Eignung für die Herstellung von Straßenbaumaterial sowie andere Nutzungsmöglichkeiten überprüft. Die methodischen Schwerpunkte lagen bei der Aufschluß-Bearbeitung, der Ermittlung technologischer Kennwerte nach den einschlägigen Prüf-Vorschriften für Straßenbaustoffe und der Bestimmung der durchschnittlichen geochemischen Zusammensetzung von Teilschichtfolgen mittels RFA-Analysen. Durch geologische Aufnahme und Korrelation von zahlreichen Tagesaufschlüssen und zwei Kernbohrungen gelang es, eine detaillierte lithostratigraphische Regionalgliederung des ca. 80 m mächtigen Unteren Muschelkalks für den Raum Osnabrück zu erarbeiten. Eine von DUCHROW & GROETZNER (1984) publizierte lithostratigraphische Gliederung des Oberen Muschelkalks (ca. 60 m mächtig) im Arbeitsgebiet erwies sich als nachvollziehbar und wird auch in Gamma- Ray-Logs aus Bohrungen deutlich. Die Interpretation der geologischen Befunde ergab, daß die 1ithofaziellen Voraussetzungen für den Hartsteinabbau im Oberen Muschelkalk am günstigsten im Raum SW Osnabrücks sind. Nach den Ergebnissen der technologischen Untersuchungen sind nicht nur die zur Zeit bereits im Abbau stehenden, dickbankigen, sehr karbonatreichen Einschaltungen in den Oberen Muschelkalk (Haupt-Trochitenkalk, Terebratelkalk) für die Herstellung von Straßenbaumaterial geeignet, sondern mit einigen Einschränkungen auch der hierfür bisher nicht genutzte Untere Muschelkalk und die Gelben Basisschichten (Oberer Muschelkalk). Der Abbau und Einsatz dieses Gesteinsmaterials im Straßen- und Wegebau kann einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Streckung der nur noch geringen Vorräte an hochwertigem Kalkstein liefern. Die Gesteine des Unteren Muschelkalks und der Gelben Basisschichten (Oberer Muschelkalk) sind darüber hinaus aufgrund ihrer geochemischen Zusammensetzung ein gutes Rohmaterial für die Herstellung von "Kohlensaurem Kalk" und "Kohlensaurem Magnesiumkalk". Diese Produkte werden in zunehmendem Maße in der Forst- und Landwirtschaft eingesetzt, um durch saure Niederschläge hervorgerufene Vegetationsschäden zu begrenzen.

Sistema de recomendación de contenidos audiovisuales: Algoritmo de inferencia semántica

Este artículo presenta el análisis de un Algoritmo de Inferencia Semántica utilizado en un Sistema de Recomendación de Contenidos Audiovisuales en el contexto de la Televisión Digital. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la inclusión de diferentes propiedades semánticas y sus combinaciones, influye directamente en la reducción del error absoluto promedio obtenido en la predicción de la calificación otorgada por un usuario a un ítem determinado. Además se ha determinado que la propiedad Actor tiene un impacto mayor con respecto a otras propiedades analizadas.

Otimização da extração de ergosterol assistida por microondas a partir de Agaricus bisporus L., aplicando a técnica estatística de superfície e resposta combinada com a técnica de HPLC-UV

O aumento de consumo de cogumelos tem-se verificado em todo o mundo, não só pelo seu valor nutricional, sabor apurado e textura, mas também pelas suas propriedades medicinais. Existem vários estudos científicos que descrevem os benefícios do consumo de cogumelos, que advêm da sua riqueza em compostos bioativos, tais como micosteróis, em particular, ergosterol. Agaricus bisporus L. é o cogumelo mais consumido em todo o mundo, sendo a sua fração de esteróis constituída essencialmente por ergosterol (90%) [1], tornando a sua extração um tópico de elevado interesse já que esta molécula apresenta elevado valor comercial e inúmeras aplicações nas indústrias alimentar, farmacêutica e cosmética. Segundo a literatura, o teor de ergosterol pode variar entre 3 e 9 mg por g de cogumelo seco. Atualmente, os métodos tradicionais tais como a maceração e a extração em Soxhlet estão a ser substituídos por metodologias emergentes, nomeadamente a extração assistida por microondas, visando diminuir a quantidade de solvente utilizado e o tempo de extração e, naturalmente, aumentar o rendimento da mesma. No presente trabalho, utilizou-se A. bisporus como fonte de ergosterol, tendo-se otimizado as seguintes variáveis relevantes para a sua extração pela tecnologia de microondas (MAE): tempo (0-20 min), temperatura (60-210 ºC) e razão sólido-líquido (1-20 g/L). O solvente utilizado foi o etanol tendo-se aplicado a técnica estatística de superfície de resposta por forma a gerar modelos matemáticos que permitissem maximizar a resposta e otimizar as variáveis que afetam a extração de ergosterol. O conteúdo em ergosterol foi monitorizado por HPLC-UV. Os resultados demonstraram que a técnica MAE é promissora para a extração de ergosterol, tendo-se obtido, para as condições ótimas (20,4 min, 121,5ºC e 1,6 g/L), 569,4 mg ergosterol/100 g de massa seca, valor similar ao obtido com extração convencional por Soxhlet (671,5±0,5 mg/100 g de massa seca). Em síntese, a extração assistida por microondas demonstrou ser uma tecnologia eficiente para maximizar o rendimento de extração em ergosterol.

Ultrasound and microwave assisted extraction of ergosterol from Agaricus bisporus L.: optimization through response surface methodology

There is scientific evidence demonstrating the benefits of mushrooms ingestion due to their richness in bioactive compounds such as mycosterols, in particular ergosterol [I]. Agaricus bisporus L. is the most consumed mushroom worldwide presenting 90% of ergosterol in its sterol fraction [2]. Thus, it is an interesting matrix to obtain ergosterol, a molecule with a high commercial value. According to literature, ergosterol concentration can vary between 3 to 9 mg per g of dried mushroom. Nowadays, traditional methods such as maceration and Soxhlet extraction are being replaced by emerging methodologies such as ultrasound (UAE) and microwave assisted extraction (MAE) in order to decrease the used solvent amount, extraction time and, of course, increasing the extraction yield [2]. In the present work, A. bisporus was extracted varying several parameters relevant to UAE and MAE: UAE: solvent type (hexane and ethanol), ultrasound amplitude (50 - 100 %) and sonication time (5 min-15 min); MAE: solvent was fixed as ethanol, time (0-20 min), temperature (60-210 •c) and solid-liquid ratio (1-20 g!L). Moreover, in order to decrease the process complexity, the pertinence to apply a saponification step was evaluated. Response surface methodology was applied to generate mathematical models which allow maximizing and optimizing the response variables that influence the extraction of ergosterol. Concerning the UAE, ethanol proved to be the best solvent to achieve higher levels of ergosterol (671.5 ± 0.5 mg/100 g dw, at 75% amplitude for 15 min), once hexane was only able to extract 152.2 ± 0.2 mg/100 g dw, in the same conditions. Nevertheless, the hexane extract showed higher purity (11%) when compared with the ethanol counterpart ( 4% ). Furthermore, in the case of the ethanolic extract, the saponification step increased its purity to 21%, while for the hexane extract the purity was similar; in fact, hexane presents higher selectivity for the lipophilic compounds comparatively with ethanol. Regarding the MAE technique, the results showed that the optimal conditions (19 ± 3 min, 133 ± 12 •c and 1.6 ± 0.5 g!L) allowed higher ergosterol extraction levels (556 ± 26 mg/100 g dw). The values obtained with MAE are close to the ones obtained with conventional Soxhlet extraction (676 ± 3 mg/100 g dw) and UAE. Overall, UAE and MAE proved to he efficient technologies to maximize ergosterol extraction yields.

Mouse models of diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis reproduce the heterogeneity of the human disease

International audience

Implication of gut microbiota in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

International audience

Estratégias de coping de mães e pais de bebés prematuros hospitalizados

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.

Reduced lipoapoptosis, hedgehog pathway activation and fibrosis in caspase-2 deficient mice with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

International audience

Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 and Liver Disease: Opportunities to Unravel Mechanisms Underlying Statistical Associations

International audience

Deposition of Intrinsic a-Si:H by ECR-CVD to Passivate the Crystalline Silicon Heterointerface in HIT Solar Cells

We have deposited intrinsic amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) using the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) chemical vapor deposition technique in order to analyze the a-Si:H/c-Si heterointerface and assess the possible application in heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer (HIT) solar cells. Physical characterization of the deposited films shows that the hydrogen content is in the 15-30% range, depending on deposition temperature. The optical bandgap value is always comprised within the range 1.9- 2.2 eV. Minority carrier lifetime measurements performed on the heterostructures reach high values up to 1.3 ms, indicating a well-passivated a-Si:H/c-Si heterointerface for deposition temperatures as low as 100°C. In addition, we prove that the metal-oxide- semiconductor conductance method to obtain interface trap distribution can be applied to the a-Si:H/c-Si heterointerface, since the intrinsic a-Si:H layer behaves as an insulator at low or negative bias. Values for the minimum of D_it as low as 8 × 10^10 cm^2 · eV^-1 were obtained for our samples, pointing to good surface passivation properties of ECR-deposited a-Si:H for HIT solar cell applications.

Limitations of high pressure sputtering for amorphous silicon deposition

Amorphous silicon thin films were deposited using the high pressure sputtering (HPS) technique to study the influence of deposition parameters on film composition, presence of impurities, atomic bonding characteristics and optical properties. An optical emission spectroscopy (OES) system has been used to identify the different species present in the plasma in order to obtain appropriate conditions to deposit high purity films. Composition measurements in agreement with the OES information showed impurities which critically depend on the deposition rate and on the gas pressure. We prove that films deposited at the highest RF power and 3.4 × 10^−2 mbar, exhibit properties as good as the ones of the films deposited by other more standard techniques.

Room temperature photo-response of titanium supersaturated silicon at energies over the bandgap

Silicon samples were implanted with high Ti doses and subsequently processed with the pulsed-laser melting technique. The electronic transport properties in the 15–300 K range and the room temperature spectral photoresponse at energies over the bandgap were measured. Samples with Ti concentration below the insulator-metal (I-M) transition limit showed a progressive reduction of the carrier lifetime in the implanted layer as Ti dose is increased. However, when the Ti concentration exceeded this limit, an extraordinary recovery of the photoresponse was measured. This result supports the theory of intermediate band materials and is of utmost relevance for photovoltaic cells and Si-based detectors.

Faulkner revisited : narrating property, race, gender and history in William Faulkner's Go Down, Moses, Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon and Gloria Naylor's Mama Day

My thesis explores the formation of the subject in the novels of Faulkner’s Go Down, Moses, Toni Morrison’s Song of Solomon, and Gloria Naylor’s Mama Day. I attach the concept of property in terms of how male protagonists are obsessed with materialistic ownership and with the subordination of women who, as properties, consolidate their manhood. The three novelists despite their racial, gendered, and literary differences share the view that identity and truth are mere social and cultural constructs. I incorporate the work of Judith Butler and other poststructuralist figures, who see identity as a matter of performance rather than a natural entity. My thesis explores the theme of freedom, which I attached to the ways characters use their bodies either to confine or to emancipate themselves from the restricting world of race, class, and gender. The three novelists deconstruct any system of belief that promulgates the objectivity of truth in historical documents. History in the three novels, as with the protagonists, perception of identity, remains a social construct laden with distortions to serve particular political or ideological agendas. My thesis gives voice to African American female characters who are associated with love and racial and gender resistance. They become the reservoirs of the African American legacy in terms of their association with the oral and intuitionist mode of knowing, which subverts the male characters’ obsession with property and with the mainstream empiricist world. In this dissertation, I use the concept of hybridity as a literary and theoretical devise that African-American writers employ. In effect, I embark on the postcolonial studies of Henry Louise Gates, Paul Gilroy, W. E. B Du Bois, James Clifford, and Arjun Appadurai in order to reflect upon the fluidity of Morrison’s and Naylor’s works. I show how these two novelists subvert Faulkner’s essentialist perception of truth, and of racial and gendered identity. They associate the myth of the Flying African with the notion of hybridity by making their male protagonists criss-cross Northern and Southern regions. I refer to Mae Gwendolyn Henderson’s article on “Speaking in Tongues” in my analysis of how Naylor subverts the patriarchal text of both Faulkner and Morrison in embarking on a more feminine version of the flying African, which she relates to an ex-slave, Sapphira Wade, a volatile female character who resists fixed claim over her story and identity. In dealing with the concept of hybridity, I show that Naylor rewrites both authors’ South by making Willow Springs a more fluid space, an assumption that unsettles the scores of critics who associate the island with authenticity and exclusive rootedness.