Probiotics and oral health: In vitro and clinical studies

Aino Toiviainen Probiotics and oral health: in vitro and clinical studies University of Turku, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Periodontology, Finnish Doctoral Program in Oral Sciences (FINDOS-Turku), Turku, Finland Annales Universitatis Turkuensis, Sarja – Ser. D, Medica-Odontologica. Painosalama Oy, Turku, Finland, 2015 Probiotics are used, for example, to prevent and treat diarrhea, allergies and respiratory infections, and there is an increasing interest to use probiotics also for oral health purposes. The most commonly used probiotic bacteria are lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, which are acidogenic and aciduric. From the oral point of view, use of these probiotics may, at least in theory, mean an increased risk of caries. In this thesis, the effects of probiotics on oral microbial composition, acid production of dental plaque and gingival health were studied through in vitro studies and two clinical studies. In a randomized, double-blind and crossover study, 13 healthy adults were allocated into two groups. Half of the subjects first consumed Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG tablets twice a day for two weeks, and after the washout period, L. reuteri tablets twice a day for two weeks. The other half of the subjects used the tablets in reverse order. In another controlled, randomized and double-blind study, 62 healthy adults were allocated into two groups. One group used the test tablets containing L. rhamnosus GG and B. lactis BB-12 and the other group used control tablets without probiotics. The recommendation for the use of the tablets was 4 per day for 4 weeks. Probiotic lactobacilli interfered with S. mutans biofilm formation and the adhesion of S. mutans to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite in vitro. No effect was found in S. mutans levels in the three-species biofilms. In clinical studies, the studied probiotics had no effect on the acid production of plaque. The counts of mutans streptococci and the oral microbial composition remained the same. Tablets containing L. rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 did decrease the amount of plaque and gingival bleeding. According to our results, it seems that probiotics have beneficial effects on gingival health. The present results confirmed that probiotics are safe and have beneficial effects on oral health. Since the consumption of probiotics by the general population is steadily increasing, an understanding of the functions of probiotics in the oral cavity has become more important. Keywords: lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, caries, periodontal disease, mutans streptococci, probiotics

Avaliação do conhecimento sobre doença periodontal em uma amostra de nefrologistas e enfermeiros que atuam com doença renal crônica pré-dialítica

INTRODUÇÃO: estudos recentes apontam a doença periodontal (DP) como fator de risco para doença renal crônica (DRC). O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o grau de conhecimento, atitude e prática de médicos e enfermeiros que atuam na nefrologia relativos à DP. MÉTODOS: um questionário foi aplicado a médicos e a enfermeiros participantes do XXV Congresso Brasileiro de Nefrologia (2010) e IX Congresso Mineiro de Nefrologia (2011), abrangendo os seguintes aspectos da DP: epidemiologia, apresentação clínica, fatores predisponentes, repercussão sistêmica, a inclusão do exame da cavidade bucal no exame clínico dos pacientes com DRC e a frequência de encaminhamento para o dentista. RESULTADOS: a maioria dos médicos e enfermeiros responderam corretamente às perguntas que abordaram os conhecimentos gerais sobre a DP. À pergunta referente à inclusão do exame da cavidade bucal no exame físico do paciente, 42,2% dos médicos e 38% dos enfermeiros responderam não fazê-la (p > 0,05). Contudo, a maioria dos pacientes vistos por nefrologistas (59,4%) e enfermeiros (61,8%) são encaminhados ao dentista em menos de 30% das consultas (p > 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: A amostra de nefrologistas e de profissionais de enfermagem participantes do estudo demonstrou conhecimento autorrelatado sobre DP considerado bom, embora com prática clínica limitada, expressada pelo baixo percentual de encaminhamento para tratamento especializado da doença. Os achados sinalizam para a necessidade da instituição de treinamento teórico-prático em saúde bucal nos cursos de graduação (medicina e enfermagem) e pós-graduação (residência médica e multiprofissional).

LE || TIERS LIVRE || Des Faicts et Dicts || Heroïques du bon Pantagruel : || Composé par M. Fran. || Rabelais docteur || en Medi- || cine. || Reueu, & corrigé par l'Autheur, sus || la censure antique. || L'Autheur susdict || supplie les Lecteurs beneuoles, soy || reseruer a rire au soixante || & dixhuytiesme || Liure. || A Paris, || De l'imprimerie de Michel Fezandat, au mont || S. Hilaire, a l'hostel d'Albret. || 1552. Il Auec priuilege du Roy. In-8 de 160 f. inexactement chiffr. (le dernier coté 170), 3 f. non chiffr. et 1 f. blanc. — LE || QVART LIVRE || des faicts et || dicts Heroiques du bon || Pantagruel. || Composé par M. François Rabelais || docteur en Medicine. || A Paris, || De l'imprimerie de Michel Fezandat, au mont || S. Hilaire, a l'hostel d'Albret. || 1552. || Auec priuilege du Roy. — [A la fin de la Table :] Acheué d'imprimer le XXVIII. de || Ianuier M.D.LII [1552]. In-8 de 19 f. non chiffr., 144 f. chiffr. et 14 f. non chiffr. — Ensemble 2 vol. in-8, mar. citr., fil., dos ornés, tr. dor. (Anc. rel.). Rothschild 1514 (2)

Rabelais (François). Tiers Livre (1552)

Dietary Strategies to Optimize Wound Healing after Periodontal and Dental Implant Surgery: An Evidence-Based Review

Methods to optimize healing through dietary strategies present an attractive option for patients, such that healing from delicate oral surgeries occurs as optimally as possible with minimal patient-meditated complications through improper food choices. This review discusses findings from studies that have investigated the role of diet, either whole foods or individual dietary components, on periodontal health and their potential role in wound healing after periodontal surgery. To date, research in this area has largely focused on foods or individual dietary components that may attenuate inflammation or oxidant stress, or foster de novo bone formation. These studies suggest that a wide variety of dietary components, including macronutrients and micronutrients, are integral for optimal periodontal health and have the potential to accelerate oral wound healing after periodontal procedures. Moreover, this review provides guidance regarding dietary considerations that may help a patient achieve the best possible outcome after a periodontal procedure.

Dietary Intakes and Periodontal Outcomes After Sanative Therapy

Diet has an important role in the maintenance of oral health, but the relationship between diet and clinical outcomes following sanative therapy (ST) has not been investigated. Due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, we hypothesized that periodontal patients with higher intakes of vitamin C, vitamin D, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) would have greater reductions in probing depth (PD) after ST. Patients completed the Block food frequency questionnaire, a supplement use questionnaire and had their serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D measured. There were no significant associations between intakes of vitamin C, vitamin D, EPA, DHA and PD. There were, however, negative associations between intakes of linoleic acid, α- linolenic acid or total vegetable intake and PD, as well as a positive association between the total omega-6/omega-3 ratio and PD (p < 0.05). Therefore, dietary intakes of essential fatty acids and vegetables may be important modulators of periodontal outcomes following ST.

Prevalencia de la enfermedad periodontal en adultos mayores de 60 años en dos localidades del Estado de Veracruz (Veracruz y Poza Rica)

Tesis (Maestría en Salud Pública con Especialidad en Odontología Social) UANL.

Diabetes mellitus tipo II y enfermedad periodontal

Tesis (Maestría en Salud Pública con Especialidad en Odontología Social) UANL.

Cicatrización periodontal en pacientes fumadores tratados con regeneración tisular guiada por Juan Antonio Cepeda Bravo

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias Odontológicas) U.A.N.L.

Relación entre los compuestos sulfurados, halitosis y la severidad de la enfemedad Periodontal

[Tesis] ( Maestría en Ciencias Odontológicas con Especialidad en Periodoncia) U.A.N.L.

Enfermedad periodontal en relación a la obesidad.

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias Odontológicas con Orientación en Periodoncia) UANL, 2010.

Relación de biotipo periodontal y las estructuras craneofaciales y dentales.

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias Odontológicas con Especialidad en Periodoncia) UANL, 2012.

Prevalencia de la enfermedad periodontal e higiene oral en pacientes escolares de 12 a 15 años de edad en la ciudad de Monterrey N.L. y su área metropolitana en el período 2011-2012.

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias Odontológicas con Orientación en Periodoncia con Implantología) UANL, 2012.

Efecto del tratamiento periodontal en la disminución de partos pretermino y productos de bajo peso al nacer.

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias Odontológicas con Especialidad en Periodoncia con Implantología) UANL, 2012.